Gerrit Code Review - Access Controls ==================================== Access controls in Gerrit are group based. Every user account is a member of one or more groups, and access and privileges are granted to those groups. Access rights cannot be granted to individual users. System Groups ------------- Gerrit comes with 4 system groups, with special access privileges and membership management. The identity of these groups is set in the `system_config` table within the database, so the groups can be renamed after installation if desired. [[administrators]] Administrators ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This is the Gerrit "root" identity. Users in the 'Administrators' group can perform any action under the Admin menu, to any group or project, without further validation or any other access controls. In most installations only those users who have direct filesystem and database access would be placed into this group. Membership in the 'Administrators' group does not imply any other access rights. Administrators do not automatically get code review approval or submit rights in projects. This is a feature designed to permit administrative users to otherwise access Gerrit as any other normal user would, without needing two different accounts. [[anonymous_users]] Anonymous Users ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ All users are automatically a member of this group. Users who are not signed in are a member of only this group, and no others. Any access rights assigned to this group are inherited by all users. Administrators and project owners can grant access rights to this group in order to permit anonymous users to view project changes, without requiring sign in first. Currently it is only worthwhile to grant `Read` access to this group as Gerrit requires an account identity for all other operations. [[non-interactive_users]] Non-Interactive Users ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This is an internal user group, members of this group are not expected to perform interactive operations on the Gerrit web frontend. However, sometimes such a user may need a separate thread pool in order to prevent it from grabbing threads from the interactive users. These users live in a second thread pool, which separates operations made by the non-interactive users from the ones made by the interactive users. This ensures that the interactive users can keep working when resources are tight. [[project_owners]] Project Owners ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Access rights assigned to this group are always evaluated within the context of a project to which the access rights apply. These rights therefore apply to all the users who are owners of this project. By assigning access rights to this group on a parent project Gerrit administrators can define a set of default access rights for <>. Child projects inherit these access rights where they are resolved to the users that own the child project. Having default access rights for <> assigned on a parent project may avoid the need to initially configure access rights for newly created child projects. [[registered_users]] Registered Users ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ All signed-in users are automatically a member of this group (and also <>, see above). Any access rights assigned to this group are inherited by all users as soon as they sign-in to Gerrit. If OpenID authentication is being employed, moving from only 'Anonymous Users' into this group is very easy. Caution should be taken when assigning any permissions to this group. It is typical to assign `Code-Review -1..+1` to this group, allowing signed-in users to vote on a change, but not actually cause it to become approved or rejected. Registered users are always permitted to make and publish comments on any change in any project they have `Read` access to. Account Groups -------------- Account groups contain a list of zero or more user account members, added individually by a group owner. Any user account listed as a group member is given any access rights granted to the group. Every group has one other group designated as its owner. Users who are members of the owner group can: * Add users and other groups to this group * Remove users and other groups from this group * Change the name of this group * Change the description of this group * Change the owner of this group, to another group It is permissible for a group to own itself, allowing the group members to directly manage who their peers are. Newly created groups are automatically created as owning themselves, with the creating user as the only member. This permits the group creator to add additional members, and change the owner to another group if desired. It is somewhat common to create two groups at the same time, for example `Foo` and `Foo-admin`, where the latter group `Foo-admin` owns both itself and also group `Foo`. Users who are members of `Foo-admin` can thus control the membership of `Foo`, without actually having the access rights granted to `Foo`. This configuration can help prevent accidental submits when the members of `Foo` have submit rights on a project, and the members of `Foo-admin` typically do not need to have such rights. [[ldap_groups]] LDAP Groups ----------- LDAP groups are Account Groups that are maintained inside of your LDAP instance. If you are using LDAP to manage your groups they will not appear in the Groups list. However you can use them just like regular Account Groups by prefixing your group with "ldap/" in the Access Control for a project. For example "ldap/foo-project" will add the LDAP "foo-project" group to the access list. Project Access Control Lists ---------------------------- A system wide access control list affecting all projects is stored in project "`All-Projects`". This inheritance can be configured through link:cmd-set-project-parent.html[gerrit set-project-parent]. Per-project access control lists are also supported. Users are permitted to use the maximum range granted to any of their groups on a label. For example, a user is a member of `Foo Leads`, and the following ACLs are granted on a project: [options="header"] |=================================================== |Group |Reference Name |Label |Range |Anonymous Users |refs/heads/* |Code-Review|-1..+1 |Registered Users|refs/heads/* |Code-Review|-1..+2 |Foo Leads |refs/heads/* |Code-Review|-2..0 |=================================================== Then the effective range permitted to be used by the user is `-2..+2`, as the user is a member of all three groups (see above about the system groups) and the maximum range is chosen (so the lowest value granted to any group, and the highest value granted to any group). Reference-level access control is also possible. Permissions can be set on a single reference name to match one branch (e.g. `refs/heads/master`), or on a reference namespace (e.g. `refs/heads/*`) to match any branch starting with that prefix. So a permission with `refs/heads/*` will match `refs/heads/master` and `refs/heads/experimental`, etc. Reference names can also be described with a regular expression by prefixing the reference name with `^`. For example `^refs/heads/[a-z]{1,8}` matches all lower case branch names between 1 and 8 characters long. Within a regular expression `.` is a wildcard matching any character, but may be escaped as `\.`. The link:http://www.brics.dk/automaton/[dk.brics.automaton library] is used for evaluation of regular expression access control rules. See the library documentation for details on this particular regular expression flavor. References can have the current user name automatically included, creating dynamic access controls that change to match the currently logged in user. For example to provide a personal sandbox space to all developers, `refs/heads/sandbox/${username}/*` allowing the user 'joe' to use 'refs/heads/sandbox/joe/foo'. When evaluating a reference-level access right, Gerrit will use the full set of access rights to determine if the user is allowed to perform a given action. For example, if a user is a member of `Foo Leads`, they are reviewing a change destined for the `refs/heads/qa` branch, and the following ACLs are granted on the project: [options="header"] |=============================================================== |Group |Reference Name|Label |Range |Exclusive |Registered Users |refs/heads/* |Code-Review| -1..+1 | |Foo Leads |refs/heads/* |Code-Review| -2..+2 | |QA Leads |refs/heads/qa |Code-Review| -2..+2 | |=============================================================== Then the effective range permitted to be used by the user is `-2..+2`, as the user's membership of `Foo Leads` effectively grant them access to the entire reference space, thanks to the wildcard. Gerrit also supports exclusive reference-level access control. It is possible to configure Gerrit to grant an exclusive ref level access control so that only users of a specific group can perform an operation on a project/reference pair. This is done by ticking the exclusive flag when setting the permission for the `refs/heads/qa` branch. For example, if a user who is a member of `Foo Leads` tries to review a change destined for branch `refs/heads/qa` in a project, and the following ACLs are granted: [options="header"] |============================================================== |Group |Reference Name|Label |Range |Exclusive |Registered Users|refs/heads/* |Code-Review| -1..+1 | |Foo Leads |refs/heads/* |Code-Review| -2..+2 | |QA Leads |refs/heads/qa |Code-Review| -2..+2 |X |============================================================== Then this user will not have `Code-Review` rights on that change, since there is an exclusive access right in place for the `refs/heads/qa` branch. This allows locking down access for a particular branch to a limited set of users, bypassing inherited rights and wildcards. In order to grant the ability to `Code-Review` to the members of `Foo Leads`, in `refs/heads/qa` then the following access rights would be needed: [options="header"] |============================================================== |Group |Reference Name|Category |Range |Exclusive |Registered Users|refs/heads/* |Code-Review| -1..+1 | |Foo Leads |refs/heads/* |Code-Review| -2..+2 | |QA Leads |refs/heads/qa |Code-Review| -2..+2 |X |Foo Leads |refs/heads/qa |Code-Review| -2..+2 | |============================================================== OpenID Authentication ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If the Gerrit instance is configured to use OpenID authentication, an account's effective group membership will be restricted to only the `Anonymous Users` and `Registered Users` groups, unless *all* of its OpenID identities match one or more of the patterns listed in the `auth.trustedOpenID` list from `gerrit.config`. All Projects ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Any access right granted to a group within `All-Projects` is automatically inherited by every other project in the same Gerrit instance. These rights can be seen, but not modified, in any other project's `Access` administration tab. Only members of the groups with the `Administrate Server` capability may edit the access control list for `All-Projects`. By default this capability is given to the group `Administrators`, but can be given to more groups. Ownership of this project cannot be delegated to another group. This restriction is by design. Granting ownership to another group gives nearly the same level of access as membership in `Administrators` does, as group members would be able to alter permissions for every managed project including global capabilities. Per-Project ~~~~~~~~~~~ The per-project ACL is evaluated before the global `All-Projects` ACL, permitting some limited override capability to project owners. This behavior is generally only useful on the `Read` category when granting 'DENY' within a specific project to deny a group access. [[access_labels]] Review Labels ------------- For every configured label `My-Name` in the project, there is a corresponding permission `label-My-Name` with a range corresponding to the defined values. Gerrit comes pre-configured with several default labels that can be granted to groups within projects, enabling functionality for that group's members. link:config-labels.html[Custom labels] may also be defined globally or on a per-project basis. With the release of the Gerrit 2.2.x series, the web GUI for ACL configuration was rewritten from scratch. Use this <> to better understand the access rights conversions from the Gerrit 2.1.x to the Gerrit 2.2.x series. [[category_abandon]] Abandon ~~~~~~~ This category controls whether users are allowed to abandon changes to projects in Gerrit. It can give permission to abandon a specific change to a given ref. This also grants the permission to restore a change if the change can be uploaded. [[category_create]] Create reference ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The create reference category controls whether it is possible to create new references, branches or tags. This implies that the reference must not already exist, it's not a destructive permission in that you can't overwrite or remove any previously existing references (and also discard any commits in the process). It's probably most common to either permit the creation of a single branch in many gits (by granting permission on a parent project), or to grant this permission to a name pattern of branches. This permission is often given in conjunction with regular push branch permissions, allowing the holder of both to create new branches as well as bypass review for new commits on that branch. To push lightweight (non-annotated) tags, grant `Create Reference` for reference name `refs/tags/*`, as lightweight tags are implemented just like branches in Git. For example, to grant the possibility to create new branches under the namespace `foo`, you have to grant this permission on `refs/heads/foo/*` for the group that should have it. Finally, if you plan to grant each user a personal namespace in where they are free to create as many branches as they wish, you should grant the create reference permission so it's possible to create new branches. This is done by using the special `${username}` keyword in the reference pattern, e.g. `refs/heads/sandbox/${username}/*`. If you do, it's also recommended you grant the users the push force permission to be able to clean up stale branches. [[category_forge_author]] Forge Author ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Normally Gerrit requires the author and the committer identity lines in a Git commit object (or tagger line in an annotated tag) to match one of the registered email addresses of the uploading user. This permission allows users to bypass parts of that validation, which may be necessary when mirroring changes from an upstream project. Permits the use of an unverified author line in commit objects. This can be useful when applying patches received by email from 3rd parties, when cherry-picking changes written by others across branches, or when amending someone else's commit to fix up a minor problem before submitting. By default this is granted to `Registered Users` in all projects, but a site administrator may disable it if verified authorship is required. [[category_forge_committer]] Forge Committer ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Normally Gerrit requires the author and the committer identity lines in a Git commit object (or tagger line in an annotated tag) to match one of the registered email addresses of the uploading user. This permission allows users to bypass parts of that validation, which may be necessary when mirroring changes from an upstream project. Allows the use of an unverified committer line in commit objects, or an unverified tagger line in annotated tag objects. Typically this is only required when mirroring commits from an upstream project repository. [[category_forge_server]] Forge Server ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Normally Gerrit requires the author and the committer identity lines in a Git commit object (or tagger line in an annotated tag) to match one of the registered email addresses of the uploading user. This permission allows users to bypass parts of that validation, which may be necessary when mirroring changes from an upstream project. Allows the use of the server's own name and email on the committer line of a new commit object. This should only be necessary when force pushing a commit history which has been rewritten by 'git filter-branch' and that contains merge commits previously created by this Gerrit Code Review server. [[category_owner]] Owner ~~~~~ The `Owner` category controls which groups can modify the project's configuration. Users who are members of an owner group can: * Change the project description * Create/delete a branch through the web UI (not SSH) * Grant/revoke any access rights, including `Owner` Note that project owners implicitly have branch creation or deletion through the web UI, but not through SSH. To get SSH branch access project owners must grant an access right to a group they are a member of, just like for any other user. Ownership over a particular branch subspace may be delegated by entering a branch pattern. To delegate control over all branches that begin with `qa/` to the QA group, add `Owner` category for reference `refs/heads/qa/*`. Members of the QA group can further refine access, but only for references that begin with `refs/heads/qa/`. See <> to find out more about this role. [[category_push]] Push ~~~~ This category controls how users are allowed to upload new commits to projects in Gerrit. It can either give permission to push directly into a branch, bypassing any code review process that would otherwise be used. Or it may give permission to upload new changes for code review, this depends on which namespace the permission is granted to. [[category_push_direct]] Direct Push ^^^^^^^^^^^ Any existing branch can be fast-forwarded to a new commit. Creation of new branches is controlled by the link:access-control.html#category_create['Create Reference'] category. Deletion of existing branches is rejected. This is the safest mode as commits cannot be discarded. * Force option + Allows an existing branch to be deleted. Since a force push is effectively a delete immediately followed by a create, but performed atomically on the server and logged, this option also permits forced push updates to branches. Enabling this option allows existing commits to be discarded from a project history. The push category is primarily useful for projects that only want to take advantage of Gerrit's access control features and do not need its code review functionality. Projects that need to require code reviews should not grant this category. [[category_push_review]] Upload To Code Review ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ The `Push` access right granted on the namespace `refs/for/refs/heads/BRANCH` permits the user to upload a non-merge commit to the project's `refs/for/BRANCH` namespace, creating a new change for code review. A user must be able to clone or fetch the project in order to create a new commit on their local system, so in practice they must also have the `Read` access granted to upload a change. For an open source, public Gerrit installation, it is common to grant `Read` and `Push` for `refs/for/refs/heads/*` to `Registered Users` in the `All-Projects` ACL. For more private installations, its common to simply grant `Read` and `Push` for `refs/for/refs/heads/*` to all users of a project. * Force option + The force option has no function when granted to a branch in the `refs/for/refs/heads/*` namespace. [[category_push_merge]] Push Merge Commits ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The `Push Merge Commit` access right permits the user to upload merge commits. It's an addon to the <> access right, and so it won't be sufficient with only `Push Merge Commit` granted for a push to happen. Some projects wish to restrict merges to being created by Gerrit. By granting `Push` without `Push Merge Commit`, the only merges that enter the system will be those created by Gerrit. The reference name connected to a `Push Merge Commit` entry must always be prefixed with `refs/for/`, for example `refs/for/refs/heads/BRANCH`. This applies even for an entry that complements a `Push` entry for `refs/heads/BRANCH` that allows direct pushes of non-merge commits, and the intention of the `Push Merge Commit` entry is to allow direct pushes of merge commits. [[category_push_annotated]] Push Annotated Tag ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This category permits users to push an annotated tag object into the project's repository. Typically this would be done with a command line such as: ==== git push ssh://USER@HOST:PORT/PROJECT tag v1.0 ==== Or: ==== git push https://HOST/PROJECT tag v1.0 ==== Tags must be annotated (created with `git tag -a`), should exist in the `refs/tags/` namespace, and should be new. This category is intended to be used to publish tags when a project reaches a stable release point worth remembering in history. It allows for a new annotated (unsigned) tag to be created. The tagger email address must be verified for the current user. To push tags created by users other than the current user (such as tags mirrored from an upstream project), `Forge Committer Identity` must be also granted in addition to `Push Annotated Tag`. To push lightweight (non annotated) tags, grant <> for reference name `refs/tags/*`, as lightweight tags are implemented just like branches in Git. To delete or overwrite an existing tag, grant `Push` with the force option enabled for reference name `refs/tags/*`, as deleting a tag requires the same permission as deleting a branch. [[category_push_signed]] Push Signed Tag ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This category permits users to push a PGP signed tag object into the project's repository. Typically this would be done with a command line such as: ==== git push ssh://USER@HOST:PORT/PROJECT tag v1.0 ==== Or: ==== git push https://HOST/PROJECT tag v1.0 ==== Tags must be signed (created with `git tag -s`), should exist in the `refs/tags/` namespace, and should be new. [[category_read]] Read ~~~~ The `Read` category controls visibility to the project's changes, comments, code diffs, and Git access over SSH or HTTP. A user must have this access granted in order to see a project, its changes, or any of its data. This category has a special behavior, where the per-project ACL is evaluated before the global all projects ACL. If the per-project ACL has granted `Read` with 'DENY', and does not otherwise grant `Read` with 'ALLOW', then a `Read` in the all projects ACL is ignored. This behavior is useful to hide a handful of projects on an otherwise public server. For an open source, public Gerrit installation it is common to grant `Read` to `Anonymous Users` in the `All-Projects` ACL, enabling casual browsing of any project's changes, as well as fetching any project's repository over SSH or HTTP. New projects can be temporarily hidden from public view by granting `Read` with 'DENY' to `Anonymous Users` and granting `Read` to the project owner's group within the per-project ACL. For a private Gerrit installation using a trusted HTTP authentication source, granting `Read` to `Registered Users` may be more typical, enabling read access only to those users who have been able to authenticate through the HTTP access controls. This may be suitable in a corporate deployment if the HTTP access control is already restricted to the correct set of users. [[category_rebase]] Rebase ~~~~~~ This category permits users to rebase changes via the web UI by pushing the `Rebase Change` button. The change owner and submitters can always rebase changes in the web UI (even without having the `Rebase` access right assigned). Users without this access right who are able to upload new patch sets can still do the rebase locally and upload the rebased commit as a new patch set. [[category_remove_reviewer]] Remove Reviewer ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This category permits users to remove other users from the list of reviewers on a change. The change owner, project owner and site administrator can always remove reviewers (even without having the `Remove Reviewer` access right assigned). Users without this access right can only remove themselves from the reviewer list on a change. [[category_submit]] Submit ~~~~~~ This category permits users to push the `Submit Patch Set n` button on the web UI. Submitting a change causes it to be merged into the destination branch as soon as possible, making it a permanent part of the project's history. In order to submit, all labels (such as `Verified` and `Code-Review`, above) must enable submit, and also must not block it. See above for details on each label. [[category_view_drafts]] View Drafts ~~~~~~~~~~~ This category permits users to view draft changes uploaded by other users. The change owner and any explicitly added reviewers can always see draft changes (even without having the `View Drafts` access right assigned). [[category_publish_drafts]] Publish Drafts ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This category permits users to publish draft changes uploaded by other users. The change owner can always publish draft changes (even without having the `Publish Drafts` access right assigned). [[category_delete_drafts]] Delete Drafts ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This category permits users to delete draft changes uploaded by other users. The change owner can always delete draft changes (even without having the `Delete Drafts` access right assigned). [[category_edit_topic_name]] Edit Topic Name ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This category permits users to edit the topic name of a change that is uploaded for review. The change owner, branch owners, project owners, and site administrators can always edit the topic name (even without having the `Edit Topic Name` access right assigned). Examples of typical roles in a project -------------------------------------- Below follows a set of typical roles on a server and which access rights these roles typically should be granted. You may see them as general guidelines for a typical way to set up your project on a brand new Gerrit instance. [[examples_contributor]] Contributor ~~~~~~~~~~~ This is the typical user on a public server. They are able to read your project and upload new changes to it. They are able to give feedback on other changes as well, but are unable to block or approve any changes. Suggested access rights to grant: * xref:category_read[`Read`] on 'refs/heads/\*' and 'refs/tags/*' * xref:category_push[`Push`] to 'refs/for/refs/heads/*' * link:config-labels.html#label_Code-Review[`Code-Review`] with range '-1' to '+1' for 'refs/heads/*' [[examples_developer]] Developer ~~~~~~~~~ This is the typical core developer on a public server. They are able to read the project, upload changes to a branch. They are allowed to push merge commits to merge branches together. Also, they are allowed to forge author identity, thus handling commits belonging to others than themselves, effectively allowing them to transfer commits between different branches. They are furthermore able to code review and verify commits, and eventually submit them. If you have an automated CI system that builds all uploaded patch sets you might want to skip the verification rights for the developer and let the CI system do that exclusively. Suggested access rights to grant: * xref:category_read[`Read`] on 'refs/heads/\*' and 'refs/tags/*' * xref:category_push[`Push`] to 'refs/for/refs/heads/*' * xref:category_push_merge[`Push merge commit`] to 'refs/for/refs/heads/*' * xref:category_forge_author[`Forge Author Identity`] to 'refs/heads/*' * link:config-labels.html#label_Code-Review[`Label: Code-Review`] with range '-2' to '+2' for 'refs/heads/*' * link:config-labels.html#label_Verified[`Label: Verify`] with range '-1' to '+1' for 'refs/heads/*' * xref:category_submit[`Submit`] If the project is small or the developers are seasoned it might make sense to give them the freedom to push commits directly to a branch. Optional access rights to grant: * <> to 'refs/heads/*' * <> to 'refs/heads/*' [[examples_cisystem]] CI system ~~~~~~~~~ A typical Continous Integration system should be able to download new changes to build and then leave a verdict somehow. As an example, the popular link:https://wiki.jenkins-ci.org/display/JENKINS/Gerrit+Trigger[gerrit-trigger plugin] for Jenkins/Hudson can set labels at: * The start of a build * A successful build * An unstable build (tests fails) * A failed build Usually the range chosen for this verdict is the verify label. Depending on the size of your project and discipline of involved developers you might want to limit access right to the +1 `Verify` label to the CI system only. That way it's guaranteed that submitted commits always get built and pass tests successfully. If the build doesn't complete successfully the CI system can set the `Verify` label to -1. However that means that a failed build will block submit of the change even if someone else sets `Verify` +1. Depending on the project and how much the CI system can be trusted for accurate results, a blocking label might not be feasible. A recommended alternative is to set the label `Code-review` to -1 instead, as it isn't a blocking label but still shows a red label in the Gerrit UI. Optionally, to enable the possibility to deliver different results (build error vs unstable for instance), it's also possible to set `Code-review` +1 as well. If pushing new changes is granted, it's possible to automate cherry-pick of submitted changes for upload to other branches under certain conditions. This is probably not the first step of what a project wants to automate however, and so the push right can be found under the optional section. Suggested access rights to grant, that won't block changes: * xref:category_read[`Read`] on 'refs/heads/\*' and 'refs/tags/*' * link:config-labels.html#label_Code-Review[`Label: Code-Review`] with range '-1' to '0' for 'refs/heads/*' * link:config-labels.html#label_Verified[`Label: Verify`] with range '0' to '+1' for 'refs/heads/*' Optional access rights to grant: * link:config-labels.html#label_Code-Review[`Label: Code-Review`] with range '-1' to '+1' for 'refs/heads/*' * xref:category_push[`Push`] to 'refs/for/refs/heads/*' [[examples_integrator]] Integrator ~~~~~~~~~~ Integrators are like developers but with some additional rights granted due to their administrative role in a project. They can upload or push any commit with any committer email (not just their own) and they can also create new tags and branches. Suggested access rights to grant: * <> * <> to 'refs/heads/*' * <> to 'refs/heads/*' * <> to 'refs/for/refs/heads/*' * <> to 'refs/heads/*' * <> to 'refs/tags/*' [[examples_project-owner]] Project owner ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The project owner is almost like an integrator but with additional destructive power in the form of being able to delete branches. Optionally these users also have the power to configure access rights in gits assigned to them. [WARNING] These users should be really knowledgable about git, for instance knowing why tags never should be removed from a server. This role is granted potentially destructive access rights and cleaning up after such a mishap could be time consuming! Suggested access rights to grant: * <> * <> with the force option to 'refs/heads/\*' and 'refs/tags/*' Optional access right to grant: * <> in the gits they mostly work with. [[examples_administrator]] Administrator ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The administrator role is the most powerful role known in the Gerrit universe. This role may grant itself (or others) any access right, and it already has all capabilities granted as well. By default the <> is the group that has this role. Mandatory access rights: * <> Suggested access rights to grant: * <> Enforcing site wide access policies ----------------------------------- By granting the <> access right on the `refs/*` to a group, Gerrit administrators can delegate the responsibility of maintaining access rights for that project to that group. In a corporate deployment it is often necessary to enforce some access policies. An example could be that no-one can update or delete a tag, not even the project owners. The 'ALLOW' and 'DENY' rules are not enough for this purpose as project owners can grant themselves any access right they wish and, thus, effectively override any inherited access rights from the "`All-Projects`" or some other common parent project. What is needed is a mechanism to block a permission in a parent project so that even project owners cannot allow a blocked permission in their child project. Still, project owners should retain the possibility to manage all non-blocked rules as they wish. This gives best of both worlds: * Gerrit administrators can concentrate on enforcing site wide policies and providing a meaningful set of default access permissions * Project owners can manage access rights of their projects without a danger of violating a site wide policy [[block]] 'BLOCK' access rule ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The 'BLOCK' rule blocks a permission globally. An inherited 'BLOCK' rule cannot be overridden in the inheriting project. Any 'ALLOW' rule, from a different access section or from an inheriting project, which conflicts with an inherited 'BLOCK' rule will not be honored. Searching for 'BLOCK' rules, in the chain of parent projects, ignores the Exclusive flag that is normally applied to access sections. A 'BLOCK' rule that blocks the 'push' permission blocks any type of push, force or not. A blocking force push rule blocks only force pushes, but allows non-forced pushes if an 'ALLOW' rule would have permitted it. It is also possible to block label ranges. To block a group 'X' from voting '-2' and '+2', but keep their existing voting permissions for the '-1..+1' range intact we would define: ==== [access "refs/heads/*"] label-Code-Review = block -2..+2 group X ==== The interpretation of the 'min..max' range in case of a blocking rule is: block every vote from '-INFINITE..min' and 'max..INFINITE'. For the example above it means that the range '-1..+1' is not affected by this block. 'BLOCK' and 'ALLOW' rules in the same access section ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ When an access section of a project contains a 'BLOCK' and an 'ALLOW' rule for the same permission then this 'ALLOW' rule overrides the 'BLOCK' rule: ==== [access "refs/heads/*"] push = block group X push = group Y ==== In this case a user which is a member of the group 'Y' will still be allowed to push to 'refs/heads/*' even if it is a member of the group 'X'. NOTE: An 'ALLOW' rule overrides a 'BLOCK' rule only when both of them are inside the same access section of the same project. An 'ALLOW' rule in a different access section of the same project or in any access section in an inheriting project cannot override a 'BLOCK' rule. Examples ~~~~~~~~ The following examples show some possible use cases for the 'BLOCK' rules. Make sure no one can update or delete a tag ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ This requirement is quite common in a corporate deployment where reproducibility of a build must be guaranteed. To achieve that we block 'push' permission for the <> in "`All-Projects`": ==== [access "refs/tags/*"] push = block group Anonymous Users ==== By blocking the <> we effectively block everyone as everyone is a member of that group. Note that the permission to create a tag is still necessary. Assuming that only <> are allowed to create tags, we would extend the example above: ==== [access "refs/tags/*"] push = block group Anonymous Users create = group Project Owners pushTag = group Project Owners ==== Let only a dedicated group vote in a special category ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Assume there is a more restrictive process for submitting changes in stable release branches which is manifested as a new voting category 'Release-Process'. Assume we want to make sure that only a 'Release Engineers' group can vote in this category and that even project owners cannot approve this category. We have to block everyone except the 'Release Engineers' to vote in this category and, of course, allow 'Release Engineers' to vote in that category. In the "`All-Projects`" we define the following rules: ==== [access "refs/heads/stable*"] label-Release-Proces = block -1..+1 group Anonymous Users label-Release-Proces = -1..+1 group Release Engineers ==== [[conversion_table]] Conversion table from 2.1.x series to 2.2.x series -------------------------------------------------- [options="header"] |================================================================================= |Gerrit 2.1.x |Gerrit 2.2.x |Code review |link:config-labels.html#label_Code-Review[Label: Code-Review] |Verify |link:config-labels.html#label_Verified[Label: Verify] |Forge Identity +1 |Forge <> identity |Forge Identity +2 |Forge <> & <> identity |Forge Identity +3 |Forge <> & <> & <> identity |Owner |<> |Push branch +1 |<> |Push branch +2 |<> & <> |Push branch +3 |<> (with force) & <> |Push tag +1 & Push Branch +2 |No support to limit to push signed tag |Push tag +2 & Push Branch +2 |<> |Push Branch +2 (refs/tags/*) |<> (refs/tags/...) |Push Branch +3 (refs/tags/*) |<> (with force on refs/tags/...) |Read +1 |<> |Read +2 |<> & <> (refs/for/refs/...) |Read +3 |<> & <> (refs/for/refs/...) & <> |Submit |<> |================================================================================= [NOTE] In Gerrit 2.2.x, the way to set permissions for upload has changed entirely. To upload a change for review is no longer a separate permission type, instead you grant ordinary push permissions to the actual recieving reference. In practice this means that you set push permissions on `refs/for/refs/heads/` rather than permissions to upload changes on `refs/heads/`. [[global_capabilities]] Global Capabilities ------------------- The global capabilities control actions that the administrators of the server can perform which usually affect the entire server in some way. The administrators may delegate these capabilities to trusted groups of users. Delegation of capabilities allows groups to be granted a subset of administrative capabilities without being given complete administrative control of the server. This makes it possible to keep fewer users in the administrators group, even while spreading much of the server administration burden out to more users. Global capabilities are assigned to groups in the access rights settings of the root project ("`All-Projects`"). Below you find a list of capabilities available: [[capability_administrateServer]] Administrate Server ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This is in effect the owner and administrator role of the Gerrit instance. Any members of a group granted this capability will be able to grant any access right to any group. They will also have all capabilities granted to them automatically. [[capability_createAccount]] Create Account ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Allow link:cmd-create-account.html[account creation over the ssh prompt]. This capability allows the granted group members to create non-interactive service accounts. These service accounts are generally used for automation and made to be members of the link:access-control.html#non-interactive_users['Non-Interactive users'] group. [[capability_createGroup]] Create Group ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Allow group creation. Groups are used to grant users access to different actions in projects. This capability allows the granted group members to either link:cmd-create-group.html[create new groups via ssh] or via the web UI. [[capability_createProject]] Create Project ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Allow project creation. This capability allows the granted group to either link:cmd-create-project.html[create new git projects via ssh] or via the web UI. [[capability_emailReviewers]] Email Reviewers ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Allow or deny sending email to change reviewers and watchers. This can be used to deny build bots from emailing reviewers and people who watch the change. Instead, only the authors of the change and those who starred it will be emailed. The allow rules are evaluated before deny rules, however the default is to allow emailing, if no explicit rule is matched. [[capability_flushCaches]] Flush Caches ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Allow the flushing of Gerrit's caches. This capability allows the granted group to link:cmd-flush-caches.html[flush some or all Gerrit caches via ssh]. [NOTE] This capability doesn't imply permissions to the show-caches command. For that you need the <>. [[capability_kill]] Kill Task ~~~~~~~~~ Allow the operation of the link:cmd-kill.html[kill command over ssh]. The kill command ends tasks that currently occupy the Gerrit server, usually a replication task or a user initiated task such as an upload-pack or recieve-pack. [[capability_priority]] Priority ~~~~~~~~ This capability allows users to use link:config-gerrit.html#sshd.batchThreads[the thread pool reserved] for link:access-control.html#non-interactive_users['Non-Interactive Users']. It's a binary value in that granted users either have access to the thread pool, or they don't. There are three modes for this capability and they're listed by rising priority: No capability configured.:: The user isn't a member of a group with any priority capability granted. By default the user is then in the 'INTERACTIVE' thread pool. 'BATCH':: If there's a thread pool configured for 'Non-Interactive Users' and a user is granted the priority capability with the 'BATCH' mode selected, the user ends up in the separate batch user thread pool. This is true unless the user is also granted the below 'INTERACTIVE' option. 'INTERACTIVE':: If a user is granted the priority capability with the 'INTERACTIVE' option, regardless if they also have the 'BATCH' option or not, they are in the 'INTERACTIVE' thread pool. [[capability_queryLimit]] Query Limit ~~~~~~~~~~~ Allow site administrators to configure the query limit for users to be above the default hard-coded value of 500. Administrators can add a global block to `All-Projects` with group(s) that should have different limits: When applying a query limit to a user the largest value granted by any of their groups is used. This limit applies not only to the link:cmd-query.html[`gerrit query`] command, but also to the web UI results pagination size. [[capability_accessDatabase]] Access Database ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Allow users to access the database using the `gsql` command. [[capability_runGC]] Run Garbage Collection ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Allow users to run the Git garbage collection for the repositories of all projects. [[capability_startReplication]] Start Replication ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Allow access to execute `replication start` command, if the replication plugin is installed on the server. [[capability_viewCaches]] View Caches ~~~~~~~~~~~ Allow querying for status of Gerrit's internal caches. This capability allows the granted group to link:cmd-show-caches.html[look at some or all Gerrit caches via ssh]. [[capability_viewConnections]] View Connections ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Allow querying for status of Gerrit's current client connections. This capability allows the granted group to link:cmd-show-connections.html[look at Gerrit's current connections via ssh]. [[capability_viewQueue]] View Queue ~~~~~~~~~~ Allow querying for status of Gerrit's internal task queue. This capability allows the granted group to link:cmd-show-queue.html[look at the Gerrit task queue via ssh]. GERRIT ------ Part of link:index.html[Gerrit Code Review]