#!/usr/bin/python
import glob
import grp
import hashlib
import json
import os
import pwd
import re
import shutil
import subprocess
import tarfile
import threading
import time
import urlparse
import uuid

from itertools import chain
from base64 import b64encode
from collections import OrderedDict
from copy import deepcopy

from charmhelpers.contrib.hahelpers.cluster import(
    is_elected_leader,
    determine_api_port,
    https,
    peer_units,
    get_hacluster_config,
)

from charmhelpers.contrib.openstack import context, templating
from charmhelpers.contrib.network.ip import (
    is_ipv6,
    get_ipv6_addr
)

from charmhelpers.contrib.openstack.ip import (
    resolve_address,
    PUBLIC,
    INTERNAL,
    ADMIN
)

from charmhelpers.contrib.openstack.utils import (
    configure_installation_source,
    error_out,
    get_os_codename_install_source,
    git_install_requested,
    git_clone_and_install,
    git_src_dir,
    git_yaml_value,
    git_pip_venv_dir,
    os_release,
    save_script_rc as _save_script_rc,
    set_os_workload_status,
    pause_unit,
    resume_unit,
    is_unit_paused_set,
    make_assess_status_func,
)

from charmhelpers.contrib.python.packages import (
    pip_install,
)

from charmhelpers.core.strutils import (
    bool_from_string,
)

import charmhelpers.contrib.unison as unison

from charmhelpers.core.decorators import (
    retry_on_exception,
)

from charmhelpers.core.hookenv import (
    charm_dir,
    config,
    is_relation_made,
    log,
    local_unit,
    relation_get,
    relation_set,
    relation_id,
    relation_ids,
    related_units,
    DEBUG,
    INFO,
    WARNING,
    status_get,
)

from charmhelpers.fetch import (
    apt_install,
    apt_update,
    apt_upgrade,
    add_source,
)

from charmhelpers.core.host import (
    adduser,
    add_group,
    add_user_to_group,
    mkdir,
    service_stop,
    service_start,
    service_restart,
    pwgen,
    lsb_release,
    write_file,
)

from charmhelpers.contrib.peerstorage import (
    peer_store_and_set,
    peer_store,
    peer_retrieve,
)

from charmhelpers.core.templating import render

import keystone_context
import keystone_ssl as ssl


TEMPLATES = 'templates/'

# removed from original: charm-helper-sh
BASE_PACKAGES = [
    'apache2',
    'haproxy',
    'keystone',
    'openssl',
    'python-keystoneclient',
    'python-mysqldb',
    'python-psycopg2',
    'python-six',
    'pwgen',
    'unison',
    'uuid',
]

BASE_GIT_PACKAGES = [
    'libffi-dev',
    'libmysqlclient-dev',
    'libssl-dev',
    'libxml2-dev',
    'libxslt1-dev',
    'libyaml-dev',
    'python-dev',
    'python-pip',
    'python-setuptools',
    'zlib1g-dev',
]

BASE_SERVICES = [
    'keystone',
]

# ubuntu packages that should not be installed when deploying from git
GIT_PACKAGE_BLACKLIST = [
    'keystone',
]

KEYSTONE_CONF = "/etc/keystone/keystone.conf"
KEYSTONE_LOGGER_CONF = "/etc/keystone/logging.conf"
KEYSTONE_CONF_DIR = os.path.dirname(KEYSTONE_CONF)
STORED_PASSWD = "/var/lib/keystone/keystone.passwd"
STORED_TOKEN = "/var/lib/keystone/keystone.token"
STORED_ADMIN_DOMAIN_ID = "/var/lib/keystone/keystone.admin_domain_id"
SERVICE_PASSWD_PATH = '/var/lib/keystone/services.passwd'

HAPROXY_CONF = '/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg'
APACHE_CONF = '/etc/apache2/sites-available/openstack_https_frontend'
APACHE_24_CONF = '/etc/apache2/sites-available/openstack_https_frontend.conf'

APACHE_SSL_DIR = '/etc/apache2/ssl/keystone'
SYNC_FLAGS_DIR = '/var/lib/keystone/juju_sync_flags/'
SYNC_DIR = '/var/lib/keystone/juju_sync/'
SSL_SYNC_ARCHIVE = os.path.join(SYNC_DIR, 'juju-ssl-sync.tar')
SSL_DIR = '/var/lib/keystone/juju_ssl/'
PKI_CERTS_DIR = os.path.join(SSL_DIR, 'pki')
SSL_CA_NAME = 'Ubuntu Cloud'
CLUSTER_RES = 'grp_ks_vips'
SSH_USER = 'juju_keystone'
CA_CERT_PATH = '/usr/local/share/ca-certificates/keystone_juju_ca_cert.crt'
SSL_SYNC_SEMAPHORE = threading.Semaphore()
SSL_DIRS = [SSL_DIR, APACHE_SSL_DIR, CA_CERT_PATH]
ADMIN_DOMAIN = 'admin_domain'
DEFAULT_DOMAIN = 'default'
POLICY_JSON = '/etc/keystone/policy.json'
TOKEN_FLUSH_CRON_FILE = '/etc/cron.d/keystone-token-flush'
WSGI_KEYSTONE_CONF = '/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/wsgi-keystone.conf'
PACKAGE_KEYSTONE_CONF = '/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/keystone.conf'

BASE_RESOURCE_MAP = OrderedDict([
    (KEYSTONE_CONF, {
        'services': BASE_SERVICES,
        'contexts': [keystone_context.KeystoneContext(),
                     context.SharedDBContext(ssl_dir=KEYSTONE_CONF_DIR),
                     context.PostgresqlDBContext(),
                     context.SyslogContext(),
                     keystone_context.HAProxyContext(),
                     context.BindHostContext(),
                     context.WorkerConfigContext()],
    }),
    (KEYSTONE_LOGGER_CONF, {
        'contexts': [keystone_context.KeystoneLoggingContext()],
        'services': BASE_SERVICES,
    }),
    (HAPROXY_CONF, {
        'contexts': [context.HAProxyContext(singlenode_mode=True),
                     keystone_context.HAProxyContext()],
        'services': ['haproxy'],
    }),
    (APACHE_CONF, {
        'contexts': [keystone_context.ApacheSSLContext()],
        'services': ['apache2'],
    }),
    (APACHE_24_CONF, {
        'contexts': [keystone_context.ApacheSSLContext()],
        'services': ['apache2'],
    }),
    (POLICY_JSON, {
        'contexts': [keystone_context.KeystoneContext()],
        'services': BASE_SERVICES,
    }),
    (TOKEN_FLUSH_CRON_FILE, {
        'contexts': [keystone_context.TokenFlushContext(),
                     context.SyslogContext()],
        'services': [],
    }),
])

valid_services = {
    "nova": {
        "type": "compute",
        "desc": "Nova Compute Service"
    },
    "nova-volume": {
        "type": "volume",
        "desc": "Nova Volume Service"
    },
    "cinder": {
        "type": "volume",
        "desc": "Cinder Volume Service v1"
    },
    "cinderv2": {
        "type": "volumev2",
        "desc": "Cinder Volume Service v2"
    },
    "ec2": {
        "type": "ec2",
        "desc": "EC2 Compatibility Layer"
    },
    "glance": {
        "type": "image",
        "desc": "Glance Image Service"
    },
    "s3": {
        "type": "s3",
        "desc": "S3 Compatible object-store"
    },
    "swift": {
        "type": "object-store",
        "desc": "Swift Object Storage Service"
    },
    "quantum": {
        "type": "network",
        "desc": "Quantum Networking Service"
    },
    "neutron": {
        "type": "network",
        "desc": "Neutron Networking Service"
    },
    "oxygen": {
        "type": "oxygen",
        "desc": "Oxygen Cloud Image Service"
    },
    "ceilometer": {
        "type": "metering",
        "desc": "Ceilometer Metering Service"
    },
    "heat": {
        "type": "orchestration",
        "desc": "Heat Orchestration API"
    },
    "heat-cfn": {
        "type": "cloudformation",
        "desc": "Heat CloudFormation API"
    },
    "image-stream": {
        "type": "product-streams",
        "desc": "Ubuntu Product Streams"
    },
    "midonet": {
        "type": "network-overlay",
        "desc": "MidoNet low-level API"
    },
    "cloudkitty": {
        "type": "rating",
        "desc": "CloudKitty Rating API"
    },
    "ironic": {
        "type": "baremetal",
        "desc": "Ironic bare metal provisioning service"
    },
    "designate": {
        "type": "dns",
        "desc": "Designate DNS service"
    },
    "astara": {
        "type": "astara",
        "desc": "Astara Network Orchestration Service",
    },
    "aodh": {
        "type": "alarming",
        "desc": "Aodh Alarming Service",
    },
    "barbican": {
        "type": "key-manager",
        "desc": "Barbican secrets management service"
    },
    "congress": {
        "type": "policy",
        "desc": "Congress policy management service"
    },
}

# The interface is said to be satisfied if anyone of the interfaces in the
# list has a complete context.
REQUIRED_INTERFACES = {
    'database': ['shared-db', 'pgsql-db'],
}


def filter_null(settings, null='__null__'):
    """Replace null values with None in provided settings dict.

    When storing values in the peer relation, it might be necessary at some
    future point to flush these values. We therefore need to use a real
    (non-None or empty string) value to represent an unset settings. This value
    then needs to be converted to None when applying to a non-cluster relation
    so that the value is actually unset.
    """
    filtered = {}
    for k, v in settings.iteritems():
        if v == null:
            filtered[k] = None
        else:
            filtered[k] = v

    return filtered


def resource_map():
    """Dynamically generate a map of resources that will be managed for a
    single hook execution.
    """
    resource_map = deepcopy(BASE_RESOURCE_MAP)

    if os_release('keystone') < 'liberty':
        resource_map.pop(POLICY_JSON)
    if os.path.exists('/etc/apache2/conf-available'):
        resource_map.pop(APACHE_CONF)
    else:
        resource_map.pop(APACHE_24_CONF)
    if run_in_apache():
        for cfile in resource_map:
            svcs = resource_map[cfile]['services']
            if 'keystone' in svcs:
                svcs.remove('keystone')
                if 'apache2' not in svcs:
                    svcs.append('apache2')
        resource_map[WSGI_KEYSTONE_CONF] = {
            'contexts': [keystone_context.WSGIWorkerConfigContext(),
                         keystone_context.KeystoneContext()],
            'services': ['apache2']
        }
    return resource_map


def restart_pid_check(service_name, ptable_string=None):
    """Stop a service, check the processes are gone, start service
    @param service_name: service name as init system knows it
    @param ptable_string: string to look for in process table to match service
    """

    @retry_on_exception(5, base_delay=3, exc_type=AssertionError)
    def check_pids_gone(svc_string):
        log("Checking no pids for {} exist".format(svc_string), level=INFO)
        assert(subprocess.call(["pgrep", svc_string]) == 1)

    if not ptable_string:
        ptable_string = service_name
    service_stop(service_name)
    check_pids_gone(ptable_string)
    service_start(service_name)


def restart_function_map():
    """Return a dict of services with any custom functions that should be
       used to restart that service
    @returns dict of {'svc1': restart_func, 'svc2', other_func, ...}
    """
    rfunc_map = {}
    if run_in_apache():
        rfunc_map['apache2'] = restart_pid_check
    return rfunc_map


def run_in_apache():
    return os_release('keystone') >= 'liberty'


def register_configs():
    release = os_release('keystone')
    configs = templating.OSConfigRenderer(templates_dir=TEMPLATES,
                                          openstack_release=release)
    for cfg, rscs in resource_map().iteritems():
        configs.register(cfg, rscs['contexts'])
    return configs


def restart_map():
    return OrderedDict([(cfg, v['services'])
                        for cfg, v in resource_map().iteritems()
                        if v['services']])


def services():
    """Returns a list of (unique) services associated with this charm"""
    return list(set(chain(*restart_map().values())))


def determine_ports():
    """Assemble a list of API ports for services we are managing"""
    ports = [config('admin-port'), config('service-port')]
    return list(set(ports))


def api_port(service):
    return {
        'keystone-admin': config('admin-port'),
        'keystone-public': config('service-port')
    }[service]


def determine_packages():
    # currently all packages match service names
    packages = set(services()).union(BASE_PACKAGES)
    if git_install_requested():
        packages |= set(BASE_GIT_PACKAGES)
        packages -= set(GIT_PACKAGE_BLACKLIST)
    if run_in_apache():
        packages.add('libapache2-mod-wsgi')
    return sorted(packages)


def save_script_rc():
    env_vars = {'OPENSTACK_SERVICE_KEYSTONE': 'keystone',
                'OPENSTACK_PORT_ADMIN': determine_api_port(
                    api_port('keystone-admin'), singlenode_mode=True),
                'OPENSTACK_PORT_PUBLIC': determine_api_port(
                    api_port('keystone-public'),
                    singlenode_mode=True)}
    _save_script_rc(**env_vars)


def do_openstack_upgrade_reexec(configs):
    do_openstack_upgrade(configs)
    log("Re-execing hook to pickup upgraded packages", level=INFO)
    os.execl('./hooks/config-changed-postupgrade', '')


def do_openstack_upgrade(configs):
    new_src = config('openstack-origin')
    new_os_rel = get_os_codename_install_source(new_src)
    log('Performing OpenStack upgrade to %s.' % (new_os_rel))

    configure_installation_source(new_src)
    apt_update()

    dpkg_opts = [
        '--option', 'Dpkg::Options::=--force-confnew',
        '--option', 'Dpkg::Options::=--force-confdef',
    ]
    apt_upgrade(options=dpkg_opts, fatal=True, dist=True)
    apt_install(packages=determine_packages(), options=dpkg_opts, fatal=True)

    # set CONFIGS to load templates from new release and regenerate config
    configs.set_release(openstack_release=new_os_rel)
    configs.write_all()

    if run_in_apache():
        # NOTE: ensure that packaging provided
        #       apache configuration is disabled
        #       as it will conflict with the charm
        #       provided version
        if os.path.exists(PACKAGE_KEYSTONE_CONF):
            subprocess.check_call(['a2dissite', 'keystone'])

    if is_elected_leader(CLUSTER_RES):
        if is_db_ready():
            migrate_database()
        else:
            log("Database not ready - deferring to shared-db relation",
                level=INFO)


def is_db_initialised():
    if relation_ids('cluster'):
        inited = peer_retrieve('db-initialised')
        if inited and bool_from_string(inited):
            log("Database is initialised", level=DEBUG)
            return True

    log("Database is NOT initialised", level=DEBUG)
    return False


def keystone_service():
    return {True: 'apache2', False: 'keystone'}[run_in_apache()]


# NOTE(jamespage): Retry deals with sync issues during one-shot HA deploys.
#                  mysql might be restarting or suchlike.
@retry_on_exception(5, base_delay=3, exc_type=subprocess.CalledProcessError)
def migrate_database():
    """Runs keystone-manage to initialize a new database or migrate existing"""
    log('Migrating the keystone database.', level=INFO)
    service_stop(keystone_service())
    # NOTE(jamespage) > icehouse creates a log file as root so use
    # sudo to execute as keystone otherwise keystone won't start
    # afterwards.
    cmd = ['sudo', '-u', 'keystone', 'keystone-manage', 'db_sync']
    subprocess.check_output(cmd)
    service_start(keystone_service())
    time.sleep(10)
    peer_store('db-initialised', 'True')

# OLD


def get_api_suffix():
    return 'v2.0' if get_api_version() == 2 else 'v3'


def get_local_endpoint(api_suffix=None):
    """Returns the URL for the local end-point bypassing haproxy/ssl"""
    if not api_suffix:
        api_suffix = get_api_suffix()
    keystone_port = determine_api_port(api_port('keystone-admin'),
                                       singlenode_mode=True)
    if config('prefer-ipv6'):
        ipv6_addr = get_ipv6_addr(exc_list=[config('vip')])[0]
        local_endpoint = 'http://[{}]:{}/{}/'.format(
            ipv6_addr,
            keystone_port,
            api_suffix)
    else:
        local_endpoint = 'http://localhost:{}/{}/'.format(
            keystone_port,
            api_suffix)

    return local_endpoint


def set_admin_token(admin_token='None'):
    """Set admin token according to deployment config or use a randomly
       generated token if none is specified (default).
    """
    if admin_token != 'None':
        log('Configuring Keystone to use a pre-configured admin token.')
        token = admin_token
    else:
        log('Configuring Keystone to use a random admin token.')
        if os.path.isfile(STORED_TOKEN):
            msg = 'Loading a previously generated' \
                  ' admin token from %s' % STORED_TOKEN
            log(msg)
            with open(STORED_TOKEN, 'r') as f:
                token = f.read().strip()
        else:
            token = pwgen(length=64)
            with open(STORED_TOKEN, 'w') as out:
                out.write('%s\n' % token)
    return(token)


def get_admin_token():
    """Temporary utility to grab the admin token as configured in
       keystone.conf
    """
    with open(KEYSTONE_CONF, 'r') as f:
        for l in f.readlines():
            if l.split(' ')[0] == 'admin_token':
                try:
                    return l.split('=')[1].strip()
                except:
                    error_out('Could not parse admin_token line from %s' %
                              KEYSTONE_CONF)
    error_out('Could not find admin_token line in %s' % KEYSTONE_CONF)


def is_service_present(service_name, service_type):
    manager = get_manager()
    service_id = manager.resolve_service_id(service_name, service_type)
    return service_id is not None


def delete_service_entry(service_name, service_type):
    """ Delete a service from keystone"""
    manager = get_manager()
    service_id = manager.resolve_service_id(service_name, service_type)
    if service_id:
        manager.api.services.delete(service_id)
        log("Deleted service entry '%s'" % service_name, level=DEBUG)


def create_service_entry(service_name, service_type, service_desc, owner=None):
    """ Add a new service entry to keystone if one does not already exist """
    manager = get_manager()
    for service in [s._info for s in manager.api.services.list()]:
        if service['name'] == service_name:
            log("Service entry for '%s' already exists." % service_name,
                level=DEBUG)
            return

    manager.api.services.create(service_name,
                                service_type,
                                description=service_desc)
    log("Created new service entry '%s'" % service_name, level=DEBUG)


def create_endpoint_template(region, service, publicurl, adminurl,
                             internalurl):
    manager = get_manager()
    if manager.api_version == 2:
        create_endpoint_template_v2(manager, region, service, publicurl,
                                    adminurl, internalurl)
    else:
        create_endpoint_template_v3(manager, region, service, publicurl,
                                    adminurl, internalurl)


def create_endpoint_template_v2(manager, region, service, publicurl, adminurl,
                                internalurl):
    """ Create a new endpoint template for service if one does not already
        exist matching name *and* region """
    service_id = manager.resolve_service_id(service)
    for ep in [e._info for e in manager.api.endpoints.list()]:
        if ep['service_id'] == service_id and ep['region'] == region:
            log("Endpoint template already exists for '%s' in '%s'"
                % (service, region))

            up_to_date = True
            for k in ['publicurl', 'adminurl', 'internalurl']:
                if ep.get(k) != locals()[k]:
                    up_to_date = False

            if up_to_date:
                return
            else:
                # delete endpoint and recreate if endpoint urls need updating.
                log("Updating endpoint template with new endpoint urls.")
                manager.api.endpoints.delete(ep['id'])

    manager.create_endpoints(region=region,
                             service_id=service_id,
                             publicurl=publicurl,
                             adminurl=adminurl,
                             internalurl=internalurl)
    log("Created new endpoint template for '%s' in '%s'" % (region, service),
        level=DEBUG)


def create_endpoint_template_v3(manager, region, service, publicurl, adminurl,
                                internalurl):
    service_id = manager.resolve_service_id(service)
    endpoints = {
        'public': publicurl,
        'admin': adminurl,
        'internal': internalurl,
    }
    for ep_type in endpoints.keys():
        # Delete endpoint if its has changed
        ep_deleted = manager.delete_old_endpoint_v3(
            ep_type,
            service_id,
            region,
            endpoints[ep_type]
        )
        ep_exists = manager.find_endpoint_v3(
            ep_type,
            service_id,
            region
        )
        if ep_deleted or not ep_exists:
            manager.api.endpoints.create(
                service_id,
                endpoints[ep_type],
                interface=ep_type,
                region=region
            )


def create_tenant(name):
    """Creates a tenant if it does not already exist"""
    manager = get_manager()
    tenant = manager.resolve_tenant_id(name)
    if not tenant:
        manager.create_tenant(tenant_name=name,
                              description='Created by Juju')
        log("Created new tenant: %s" % name, level=DEBUG)
        return

    log("Tenant '%s' already exists." % name, level=DEBUG)


def create_or_show_domain(name):
    """Creates a domain if it does not already exist"""
    manager = get_manager()
    domain_id = manager.resolve_domain_id(name)
    if domain_id:
        log("Domain '%s' already exists." % name, level=DEBUG)
    else:
        manager.create_domain(domain_name=name,
                              description='Created by Juju')
        log("Created new domain: %s" % name, level=DEBUG)
        domain_id = manager.resolve_domain_id(name)
    return domain_id


def user_exists(name, domain=None):
    manager = get_manager()
    if domain:
        domain_id = manager.resolve_domain_id(domain)
        if not domain_id:
            error_out('Could not resolve domain_id for {} when checking if '
                      ' user {} exists'.format(domain, name))
    if manager.resolve_user_id(name, user_domain=domain):
        for user in manager.api.users.list():
            if user.name.lower() == name.lower():
                # In v3 Domains are seperate user namespaces so need to check
                # that the domain matched if provided
                if domain:
                    if domain_id == user.domain_id:
                        return True
                else:
                    return True

    return False


def create_user(name, password, tenant=None, domain=None):
    """Creates a user if it doesn't already exist, as a member of tenant"""
    manager = get_manager()
    if user_exists(name, domain=domain):
        log("A user named '%s' already exists" % name, level=DEBUG)
        return

    tenant_id = None
    if tenant:
        tenant_id = manager.resolve_tenant_id(tenant)
        if not tenant_id:
            error_out('Could not resolve tenant_id for tenant %s' % tenant)

    domain_id = None
    if domain:
        domain_id = manager.resolve_domain_id(domain)
        if not domain_id:
            error_out('Could not resolve domain_id for domain %s when creating'
                      ' user %s' % (domain, name))

    manager.create_user(name=name,
                        password=password,
                        email='juju@localhost',
                        tenant_id=tenant_id,
                        domain_id=domain_id)
    log("Created new user '%s' tenant: %s" % (name, tenant_id),
        level=DEBUG)


def get_manager(api_version=None):
    """Return a keystonemanager for the correct API version"""
    from manager import get_keystone_manager
    return get_keystone_manager(get_local_endpoint(), get_admin_token(),
                                api_version)


def create_role(name, user=None, tenant=None, domain=None):
    """Creates a role if it doesn't already exist. grants role to user"""
    manager = get_manager()
    if not manager.resolve_role_id(name):
        manager.api.roles.create(name=name)
        log("Created new role '%s'" % name, level=DEBUG)
    else:
        log("A role named '%s' already exists" % name, level=DEBUG)

    if not user and not tenant:
        return

    # NOTE(adam_g): Keystone client requires id's for add_user_role, not names
    user_id = manager.resolve_user_id(user)
    role_id = manager.resolve_role_id(name)

    if None in [user_id, role_id]:
        error_out("Could not resolve [%s, %s]" %
                  (user_id, role_id))

    grant_role(user, name, tenant, domain)


def grant_role(user, role, tenant=None, domain=None, user_domain=None):
    """Grant user and tenant a specific role"""
    manager = get_manager()
    log("Granting user '%s' role '%s' on tenant '%s'" %
        (user, role, tenant))

    user_id = manager.resolve_user_id(user, user_domain=user_domain)
    role_id = manager.resolve_role_id(role)
    if None in [user_id, role_id]:
        error_out("Could not resolve [%s, %s]" %
                  (user_id, role_id))

    tenant_id = None
    if tenant:
        tenant_id = manager.resolve_tenant_id(tenant)
        if not tenant_id:
            error_out('Could not resolve tenant_id for tenant %s' % tenant)

    domain_id = None
    if domain:
        domain_id = manager.resolve_domain_id(domain)
        if not domain_id:
            error_out('Could not resolve domain_id for domain %s' % domain)

    cur_roles = manager.roles_for_user(user_id, tenant_id=tenant_id,
                                       domain_id=domain_id)
    if not cur_roles or role_id not in [r.id for r in cur_roles]:
        manager.add_user_role(user=user_id,
                              role=role_id,
                              tenant=tenant_id,
                              domain=domain_id)
        log("Granted user '%s' role '%s' on tenant '%s'" %
            (user, role, tenant), level=DEBUG)
    else:
        log("User '%s' already has role '%s' on tenant '%s'" %
            (user, role, tenant), level=DEBUG)


def store_admin_passwd(passwd):
    with open(STORED_PASSWD, 'w+') as fd:
        fd.writelines("%s\n" % passwd)


def store_admin_domain_id(domain_id):
    with open(STORED_ADMIN_DOMAIN_ID, 'w+') as fd:
        fd.writelines("%s\n" % domain_id)


def get_admin_passwd():
    passwd = config("admin-password")
    if passwd and passwd.lower() != "none":
        return passwd

    if is_elected_leader(CLUSTER_RES):
        if os.path.isfile(STORED_PASSWD):
            log("Loading stored passwd from %s" % STORED_PASSWD, level=INFO)
            with open(STORED_PASSWD, 'r') as fd:
                passwd = fd.readline().strip('\n')

        if not passwd:
            log("Generating new passwd for user: %s" %
                config("admin-user"))
            cmd = ['pwgen', '-c', '16', '1']
            passwd = str(subprocess.check_output(cmd)).strip()
            store_admin_passwd(passwd)

        if is_relation_made("cluster"):
            peer_store("admin_passwd", passwd)

        return passwd

    if is_relation_made("cluster"):
        passwd = peer_retrieve('admin_passwd')
        if passwd:
            store_admin_passwd(passwd)

    return passwd


def get_api_version():
    api_version = config('preferred-api-version')
    if api_version not in [2, 3]:
        raise ValueError('Bad preferred-api-version')
    return api_version


def ensure_initial_admin(config):
    # Allow retry on fail since leader may not be ready yet.
    # NOTE(hopem): ks client may not be installed at module import time so we
    # use this wrapped approach instead.
    try:
        from keystoneclient.apiclient.exceptions import InternalServerError
    except:
        # Backwards-compatibility for earlier versions of keystoneclient (< I)
        from keystoneclient.exceptions import (ClientException as
                                               InternalServerError)

    @retry_on_exception(3, base_delay=3, exc_type=InternalServerError)
    def _ensure_initial_admin(config):
        """Ensures the minimum admin stuff exists in whatever database we're
        using.

        This and the helper functions it calls are meant to be idempotent and
        run during install as well as during db-changed.  This will maintain
        the admin tenant, user, role, service entry and endpoint across every
        datastore we might use.

        TODO: Possibly migrate data from one backend to another after it
        changes?
        """
        if get_api_version() > 2:
            create_or_show_domain(DEFAULT_DOMAIN)
            domain_id = create_or_show_domain(ADMIN_DOMAIN)
            store_admin_domain_id(domain_id)
        create_tenant("admin")
        create_tenant(config("service-tenant"))
        # User is managed by ldap backend when using ldap identity
        if not (config('identity-backend') ==
                'ldap' and config('ldap-readonly')):
            passwd = get_admin_passwd()
            if passwd:
                if get_api_version() > 2:
                    create_user_credentials(config('admin-user'), passwd,
                                            domain=ADMIN_DOMAIN)
                    create_role(config('admin-role'), config('admin-user'),
                                domain=ADMIN_DOMAIN)
                    grant_role(config('admin-user'), config('admin-role'),
                               tenant='admin', user_domain=ADMIN_DOMAIN)
                    grant_role(config('admin-user'), config('admin-role'),
                               domain=ADMIN_DOMAIN, user_domain=ADMIN_DOMAIN)
                else:
                    create_user_credentials(config('admin-user'), passwd,
                                            tenant='admin',
                                            new_roles=[config('admin-role')])

        create_service_entry("keystone", "identity",
                             "Keystone Identity Service")

        for region in config('region').split():
            create_keystone_endpoint(public_ip=resolve_address(PUBLIC),
                                     service_port=config("service-port"),
                                     internal_ip=resolve_address(INTERNAL),
                                     admin_ip=resolve_address(ADMIN),
                                     auth_port=config("admin-port"),
                                     region=region)

    return _ensure_initial_admin(config)


def endpoint_url(ip, port, suffix=None):
    proto = 'http'
    if https():
        proto = 'https'
    if is_ipv6(ip):
        ip = "[{}]".format(ip)
    if suffix:
        ep = "%s://%s:%s/%s" % (proto, ip, port, suffix)
    else:
        ep = "%s://%s:%s" % (proto, ip, port)
    return ep


def create_keystone_endpoint(public_ip, service_port,
                             internal_ip, admin_ip, auth_port, region):
    api_suffix = get_api_suffix()
    create_endpoint_template(
        region, "keystone",
        endpoint_url(public_ip, service_port, suffix=api_suffix),
        endpoint_url(admin_ip, auth_port, suffix=api_suffix),
        endpoint_url(internal_ip, service_port, suffix=api_suffix),
    )


def update_user_password(username, password):
    manager = get_manager()
    log("Updating password for user '%s'" % username)

    user_id = manager.resolve_user_id(username)
    if user_id is None:
        error_out("Could not resolve user id for '%s'" % username)

    manager.update_password(user=user_id, password=password)
    log("Successfully updated password for user '%s'" %
        username)


def load_stored_passwords(path=SERVICE_PASSWD_PATH):
    creds = {}
    if not os.path.isfile(path):
        return creds

    stored_passwd = open(path, 'r')
    for l in stored_passwd.readlines():
        user, passwd = l.strip().split(':')
        creds[user] = passwd
    return creds


def _migrate_service_passwords():
    """Migrate on-disk service passwords to peer storage"""
    if os.path.exists(SERVICE_PASSWD_PATH):
        log('Migrating on-disk stored passwords to peer storage')
        creds = load_stored_passwords()
        for k, v in creds.iteritems():
            peer_store(key="{}_passwd".format(k), value=v)
        os.unlink(SERVICE_PASSWD_PATH)


def get_service_password(service_username):
    _migrate_service_passwords()
    peer_key = "{}_passwd".format(service_username)
    passwd = peer_retrieve(peer_key)
    if passwd is None:
        passwd = pwgen(length=64)
        peer_store(key=peer_key,
                   value=passwd)
    return passwd


def ensure_ssl_dirs():
    """Ensure unison has access to these dirs."""
    for path in [SYNC_FLAGS_DIR, SYNC_DIR]:
        if not os.path.isdir(path):
            mkdir(path, SSH_USER, 'juju_keystone', 0o775)
        else:
            ensure_permissions(path, user=SSH_USER, group='keystone',
                               perms=0o755)


def ensure_permissions(path, user=None, group=None, perms=None, recurse=False,
                       maxdepth=50):
    """Set chownand chmod for path

    Note that -1 for uid or gid result in no change.
    """
    if user:
        uid = pwd.getpwnam(user).pw_uid
    else:
        uid = -1

    if group:
        gid = grp.getgrnam(group).gr_gid
    else:
        gid = -1

    os.chown(path, uid, gid)

    if perms:
        os.chmod(path, perms)

    if recurse:
        if not maxdepth:
            log("Max recursion depth reached - skipping further recursion")
            return

        paths = glob.glob("%s/*" % (path))
        for path in paths:
            ensure_permissions(path, user=user, group=group, perms=perms,
                               recurse=recurse, maxdepth=maxdepth - 1)


def check_peer_actions():
    """Honour service action requests from sync master.

    Check for service action request flags, perform the action then delete the
    flag.
    """
    restart = relation_get(attribute='restart-services-trigger')
    if restart and os.path.isdir(SYNC_FLAGS_DIR):
        for flagfile in glob.glob(os.path.join(SYNC_FLAGS_DIR, '*')):
            flag = os.path.basename(flagfile)
            key = re.compile("^(.+)?\.(.+)?\.(.+)")
            res = re.search(key, flag)
            if res:
                source = res.group(1)
                service = res.group(2)
                action = res.group(3)
            else:
                key = re.compile("^(.+)?\.(.+)?")
                res = re.search(key, flag)
                source = res.group(1)
                action = res.group(2)

            # Don't execute actions requested by this unit.
            if local_unit().replace('.', '-') != source:
                if action == 'restart':
                    log("Running action='%s' on service '%s'" %
                        (action, service), level=DEBUG)
                    service_restart(service)
                elif action == 'start':
                    log("Running action='%s' on service '%s'" %
                        (action, service), level=DEBUG)
                    service_start(service)
                elif action == 'stop':
                    log("Running action='%s' on service '%s'" %
                        (action, service), level=DEBUG)
                    service_stop(service)
                elif action == 'update-ca-certificates':
                    log("Running %s" % (action), level=DEBUG)
                    subprocess.check_call(['update-ca-certificates'])
                elif action == 'ensure-pki-permissions':
                    log("Running %s" % (action), level=DEBUG)
                    ensure_pki_dir_permissions()
                else:
                    log("Unknown action flag=%s" % (flag), level=WARNING)

            try:
                os.remove(flagfile)
            except:
                pass


def create_peer_service_actions(action, services):
    """Mark remote services for action.

    Default action is restart. These action will be picked up by peer units
    e.g. we may need to restart services on peer units after certs have been
    synced.
    """
    for service in services:
        flagfile = os.path.join(SYNC_FLAGS_DIR, '%s.%s.%s' %
                                (local_unit().replace('/', '-'),
                                 service.strip(), action))
        log("Creating action %s" % (flagfile), level=DEBUG)
        write_file(flagfile, content='', owner=SSH_USER, group='keystone',
                   perms=0o744)


def create_peer_actions(actions):
    for action in actions:
        action = "%s.%s" % (local_unit().replace('/', '-'), action)
        flagfile = os.path.join(SYNC_FLAGS_DIR, action)
        log("Creating action %s" % (flagfile), level=DEBUG)
        write_file(flagfile, content='', owner=SSH_USER, group='keystone',
                   perms=0o744)


@retry_on_exception(3, base_delay=2, exc_type=subprocess.CalledProcessError)
def unison_sync(paths_to_sync):
    """Do unison sync and retry a few times if it fails since peers may not be
    ready for sync.

    Returns list of synced units or None if one or more peers was not synced.
    """
    log('Synchronizing CA (%s) to all peers.' % (', '.join(paths_to_sync)),
        level=INFO)
    keystone_gid = grp.getgrnam('keystone').gr_gid

    # NOTE(dosaboy): This will sync to all peers who have already provided
    # their ssh keys. If any existing peers have not provided their keys yet,
    # they will be silently ignored.
    unison.sync_to_peers(peer_interface='cluster', paths=paths_to_sync,
                         user=SSH_USER, verbose=True, gid=keystone_gid,
                         fatal=True)

    synced_units = peer_units()
    if len(unison.collect_authed_hosts('cluster')) != len(synced_units):
        log("Not all peer units synced due to missing public keys", level=INFO)
        return None
    else:
        return synced_units


def get_ssl_sync_request_units():
    """Get list of units that have requested to be synced.

    NOTE: this must be called from cluster relation context.
    """
    units = []
    for unit in related_units():
        settings = relation_get(unit=unit) or {}
        rkeys = settings.keys()
        key = re.compile("^ssl-sync-required-(.+)")
        for rkey in rkeys:
            res = re.search(key, rkey)
            if res:
                units.append(res.group(1))

    return units


def is_ssl_cert_master(votes=None):
    """Return True if this unit is ssl cert master."""
    master = None
    for rid in relation_ids('cluster'):
        master = relation_get(attribute='ssl-cert-master', rid=rid,
                              unit=local_unit())

    if master == local_unit():
        votes = votes or get_ssl_cert_master_votes()
        if not peer_units() or (len(votes) == 1 and master in votes):
            return True

        log("Did not get consensus from peers on who is ssl-cert-master "
            "(%s)" % (votes), level=INFO)

    return False


def get_ssl_cert_master_votes():
    """Returns a list of unique votes."""
    votes = []
    # Gather election results from peers. These will need to be consistent.
    for rid in relation_ids('cluster'):
        for unit in related_units(rid):
            m = relation_get(rid=rid, unit=unit,
                             attribute='ssl-cert-master')
            if m is not None:
                votes.append(m)

    return list(set(votes))


def ensure_ssl_cert_master():
    """Ensure that an ssl cert master has been elected.

    Normally the cluster leader will take control but we allow for this to be
    ignored since this could be called before the cluster is ready.
    """
    master_override = False
    elect = is_elected_leader(CLUSTER_RES)

    # If no peers we allow this unit to elect itsef as master and do
    # sync immediately.
    if not peer_units():
        elect = True
        master_override = True

    if elect:
        votes = get_ssl_cert_master_votes()
        # We expect all peers to echo this setting
        if not votes or 'unknown' in votes:
            log("Notifying peers this unit is ssl-cert-master", level=INFO)
            for rid in relation_ids('cluster'):
                settings = {'ssl-cert-master': local_unit()}
                relation_set(relation_id=rid, relation_settings=settings)

            # Return now and wait for cluster-relation-changed (peer_echo) for
            # sync.
            return master_override
        elif not is_ssl_cert_master(votes):
            if not master_override:
                log("Conscensus not reached - current master will need to "
                    "release", level=INFO)

            return master_override

    if not is_ssl_cert_master():
        log("Not ssl cert master - skipping sync", level=INFO)
        return False

    return True


def stage_paths_for_sync(paths):
    shutil.rmtree(SYNC_DIR)
    ensure_ssl_dirs()
    with tarfile.open(SSL_SYNC_ARCHIVE, 'w') as fd:
        for path in paths:
            if os.path.exists(path):
                log("Adding path '%s' sync tarball" % (path), level=DEBUG)
                fd.add(path)
            else:
                log("Path '%s' does not exist - not adding to sync "
                    "tarball" % (path), level=INFO)

    ensure_permissions(SYNC_DIR, user=SSH_USER, group='keystone',
                       perms=0o755, recurse=True)


def is_pki_enabled():
    enable_pki = config('enable-pki')
    if enable_pki and bool_from_string(enable_pki):
        return True

    return False


def ensure_pki_cert_paths():
    certs = os.path.join(PKI_CERTS_DIR, 'certs')
    privates = os.path.join(PKI_CERTS_DIR, 'privates')
    not_exists = [p for p in [PKI_CERTS_DIR, certs, privates]
                  if not os.path.exists(p)]
    if not_exists:
        log("Configuring token signing cert paths", level=DEBUG)
        perms = 0o755
        for path in not_exists:
            if not os.path.isdir(path):
                mkdir(path=path, owner=SSH_USER, group='keystone', perms=perms)
            else:
                # Ensure accessible by ssh user and group (for sync).
                ensure_permissions(path, user=SSH_USER, group='keystone',
                                   perms=perms)


def ensure_pki_dir_permissions():
    # Ensure accessible by unison user and group (for sync).
    ensure_permissions(PKI_CERTS_DIR, user=SSH_USER, group='keystone',
                       perms=0o755, recurse=True)


def update_certs_if_available(f):
    def _inner_update_certs_if_available(*args, **kwargs):
        path = None
        for rid in relation_ids('cluster'):
            path = relation_get(attribute='ssl-cert-available-updates',
                                rid=rid, unit=local_unit())

        if path and os.path.exists(path):
            log("Updating certs from '%s'" % (path), level=DEBUG)
            with tarfile.open(path) as fd:
                files = ["/%s" % m.name for m in fd.getmembers()]
                fd.extractall(path='/')

            for syncfile in files:
                ensure_permissions(syncfile, user='keystone', group='keystone',
                                   perms=0o744, recurse=True)

            # Mark as complete
            os.rename(path, "%s.complete" % (path))
        else:
            log("No cert updates available", level=DEBUG)

        return f(*args, **kwargs)

    return _inner_update_certs_if_available


def synchronize_ca(fatal=False):
    """Broadcast service credentials to peers.

    By default a failure to sync is fatal and will result in a raised
    exception.

    This function uses a relation setting 'ssl-cert-master' to get some
    leader stickiness while synchronisation is being carried out. This ensures
    that the last host to create and broadcast cetificates has the option to
    complete actions before electing the new leader as sync master.

    Returns a dictionary of settings to be set on the cluster relation.
    """
    paths_to_sync = []
    peer_service_actions = {'restart': []}
    peer_actions = []

    if bool_from_string(config('https-service-endpoints')):
        log("Syncing all endpoint certs since https-service-endpoints=True",
            level=DEBUG)
        paths_to_sync.append(SSL_DIR)
        paths_to_sync.append(CA_CERT_PATH)
        # We need to restart peer apache services to ensure they have picked up
        # new ssl keys.
        peer_service_actions['restart'].append('apache2')
        peer_actions.append('update-ca-certificates')

    if bool_from_string(config('use-https')):
        log("Syncing keystone-endpoint certs since use-https=True",
            level=DEBUG)
        paths_to_sync.append(SSL_DIR)
        paths_to_sync.append(APACHE_SSL_DIR)
        paths_to_sync.append(CA_CERT_PATH)
        # We need to restart peer apache services to ensure they have picked up
        # new ssl keys.
        peer_service_actions['restart'].append('apache2')
        peer_actions.append('update-ca-certificates')

    # NOTE: certs needed for token signing e.g. pki and revocation list query.
    log("Syncing token certs", level=DEBUG)
    paths_to_sync.append(PKI_CERTS_DIR)
    peer_actions.append('ensure-pki-permissions')

    if not paths_to_sync:
        log("Nothing to sync - skipping", level=DEBUG)
        return {}

    if not os.path.isdir(SYNC_FLAGS_DIR):
        mkdir(SYNC_FLAGS_DIR, SSH_USER, 'keystone', 0o775)

    for action, services in peer_service_actions.iteritems():
        create_peer_service_actions(action, set(services))

    create_peer_actions(peer_actions)

    paths_to_sync = list(set(paths_to_sync))
    stage_paths_for_sync(paths_to_sync)

    hash1 = hashlib.sha256()
    for path in paths_to_sync:
        update_hash_from_path(hash1, path)

    cluster_rel_settings = {'ssl-cert-available-updates': SSL_SYNC_ARCHIVE,
                            'sync-hash': hash1.hexdigest()}

    synced_units = unison_sync([SSL_SYNC_ARCHIVE, SYNC_FLAGS_DIR])
    if synced_units:
        # Format here needs to match that used when peers request sync
        synced_units = [u.replace('/', '-') for u in synced_units]
        cluster_rel_settings['ssl-synced-units'] = \
            json.dumps(synced_units)

    trigger = str(uuid.uuid4())
    log("Sending restart-services-trigger=%s to all peers" % (trigger),
        level=DEBUG)
    cluster_rel_settings['restart-services-trigger'] = trigger

    log("Sync complete", level=DEBUG)
    return cluster_rel_settings


def clear_ssl_synced_units():
    """Clear the 'synced' units record on the cluster relation.

    If new unit sync reauests are set this will ensure that a sync occurs when
    the sync master receives the requests.
    """
    log("Clearing ssl sync units", level=DEBUG)
    for rid in relation_ids('cluster'):
        relation_set(relation_id=rid,
                     relation_settings={'ssl-synced-units': None})


def update_hash_from_path(hash, path, recurse_depth=10):
    """Recurse through path and update the provided hash for every file found.
    """
    if not recurse_depth:
        log("Max recursion depth (%s) reached for update_hash_from_path() at "
            "path='%s' - not going any deeper" % (recurse_depth, path),
            level=WARNING)
        return

    for p in glob.glob("%s/*" % path):
        if os.path.isdir(p):
            update_hash_from_path(hash, p, recurse_depth=recurse_depth - 1)
        else:
            with open(p, 'r') as fd:
                hash.update(fd.read())


def synchronize_ca_if_changed(force=False, fatal=False):
    """Decorator to perform ssl cert sync if decorated function modifies them
    in any way.

    If force is True a sync is done regardless.
    """
    def inner_synchronize_ca_if_changed1(f):
        def inner_synchronize_ca_if_changed2(*args, **kwargs):
            # Only sync master can do sync. Ensure (a) we are not nested and
            # (b) a master is elected and we are it.
            acquired = SSL_SYNC_SEMAPHORE.acquire(blocking=0)
            try:
                if not acquired:
                    log("Nested sync - ignoring", level=DEBUG)
                    return f(*args, **kwargs)

                if not ensure_ssl_cert_master():
                    log("Not ssl-cert-master - ignoring sync", level=DEBUG)
                    return f(*args, **kwargs)

                peer_settings = {}
                if not force:
                    hash1 = hashlib.sha256()
                    for path in SSL_DIRS:
                        update_hash_from_path(hash1, path)

                    ret = f(*args, **kwargs)

                    hash2 = hashlib.sha256()
                    for path in SSL_DIRS:
                        update_hash_from_path(hash2, path)

                    if hash1.hexdigest() != hash2.hexdigest():
                        log("SSL certs have changed - syncing peers",
                            level=DEBUG)
                        peer_settings = synchronize_ca(fatal=fatal)
                    else:
                        log("SSL certs have not changed - skipping sync",
                            level=DEBUG)
                else:
                    ret = f(*args, **kwargs)
                    log("Doing forced ssl cert sync", level=DEBUG)
                    peer_settings = synchronize_ca(fatal=fatal)

                # If we are the sync master but not leader, ensure we have
                # relinquished master status.
                if not is_elected_leader(CLUSTER_RES):
                    log("Re-electing ssl cert master.", level=INFO)
                    peer_settings['ssl-cert-master'] = 'unknown'

                if peer_settings:
                    for rid in relation_ids('cluster'):
                        relation_set(relation_id=rid,
                                     relation_settings=peer_settings)

                return ret
            finally:
                SSL_SYNC_SEMAPHORE.release()

        return inner_synchronize_ca_if_changed2

    return inner_synchronize_ca_if_changed1


@synchronize_ca_if_changed(force=True, fatal=True)
def force_ssl_sync():
    """Force SSL sync to all peers.

    This is useful if we need to relinquish ssl-cert-master status while
    making sure that the new master has up-to-date certs.
    """
    return


def ensure_ssl_dir():
    """Ensure juju ssl dir exists and is unsion read/writable."""
    perms = 0o755
    if not os.path.isdir(SSL_DIR):
        mkdir(SSL_DIR, SSH_USER, 'keystone', perms)
    else:
        ensure_permissions(SSL_DIR, user=SSH_USER, group='keystone',
                           perms=perms)


def get_ca(user='keystone', group='keystone'):
    """Initialize a new CA object if one hasn't already been loaded.

    This will create a new CA or load an existing one.
    """
    if not ssl.CA_SINGLETON:
        ensure_ssl_dir()
        d_name = '_'.join(SSL_CA_NAME.lower().split(' '))
        ca = ssl.JujuCA(name=SSL_CA_NAME, user=user, group=group,
                        ca_dir=os.path.join(SSL_DIR,
                                            '%s_intermediate_ca' % d_name),
                        root_ca_dir=os.path.join(SSL_DIR,
                                                 '%s_root_ca' % d_name))

        # Ensure a master is elected. This should cover the following cases:
        # * single unit == 'oldest' unit is elected as master
        # * multi unit + not clustered == 'oldest' unit is elcted as master
        # * multi unit + clustered == cluster leader is elected as master
        ensure_ssl_cert_master()

        ssl.CA_SINGLETON.append(ca)

    return ssl.CA_SINGLETON[0]


def relation_list(rid):
    cmd = [
        'relation-list',
        '-r', rid,
    ]
    result = str(subprocess.check_output(cmd)).split()
    if result == "":
        return None
    else:
        return result


def create_user_credentials(user, passwd, tenant=None, new_roles=None,
                            grants=None, domain=None):
    """Create user credentials.

    Optionally adds role grants to user and/or creates new roles.
    """
    log("Creating service credentials for '%s'" % user, level=DEBUG)
    if user_exists(user, domain=domain):
        log("User '%s' already exists - updating password" % (user),
            level=DEBUG)
        update_user_password(user, passwd)
    else:
        create_user(user, passwd, tenant, domain)

    if grants:
        for role in grants:
            grant_role(user, role, tenant, domain)
    else:
        log("No role grants requested for user '%s'" % (user), level=DEBUG)

    if new_roles:
        # Allow the remote service to request creation of any additional roles.
        # Currently used by Swift and Ceilometer.
        for role in new_roles:
            log("Creating requested role '%s'" % role, level=DEBUG)
            create_role(role, user, tenant, domain)

    return passwd


def create_service_credentials(user, new_roles=None):
    """Create credentials for service with given username.

    Services are given a user under config('service-tenant') and are given the
    config('admin-role') role. Tenant is assumed to already exist,
    """
    tenant = config('service-tenant')
    if not tenant:
        raise Exception("No service tenant provided in config")

    if get_api_version() == 2:
        domain = None
    else:
        domain = DEFAULT_DOMAIN
    return create_user_credentials(user, get_service_password(user),
                                   tenant=tenant, new_roles=new_roles,
                                   grants=[config('admin-role')],
                                   domain=domain)


def add_service_to_keystone(relation_id=None, remote_unit=None):
    manager = get_manager()
    settings = relation_get(rid=relation_id, unit=remote_unit)
    # the minimum settings needed per endpoint
    single = set(['service', 'region', 'public_url', 'admin_url',
                  'internal_url'])
    https_cns = []

    protocol = get_protocol()

    if single.issubset(settings):
        # other end of relation advertised only one endpoint
        if 'None' in settings.itervalues():
            # Some backend services advertise no endpoint but require a
            # hook execution to update auth strategy.
            relation_data = {}
            # Check if clustered and use vip + haproxy ports if so
            relation_data["auth_host"] = resolve_address(ADMIN)
            relation_data["service_host"] = resolve_address(PUBLIC)

            relation_data["auth_protocol"] = protocol
            relation_data["service_protocol"] = protocol
            relation_data["auth_port"] = config('admin-port')
            relation_data["service_port"] = config('service-port')
            relation_data["region"] = config('region')

            # Get and pass CA bundle settings
            relation_data.update(get_ssl_ca_settings())

            # Allow the remote service to request creation of any additional
            # roles. Currently used by Horizon
            for role in get_requested_roles(settings):
                log("Creating requested role: %s" % role)
                create_role(role)

            peer_store_and_set(relation_id=relation_id, **relation_data)
            return
        else:
            ensure_valid_service(settings['service'])
            add_endpoint(region=settings['region'],
                         service=settings['service'],
                         publicurl=settings['public_url'],
                         adminurl=settings['admin_url'],
                         internalurl=settings['internal_url'])

            # If an admin username prefix is provided, ensure all services use
            # it.
            service_username = settings['service']
            prefix = config('service-admin-prefix')
            if prefix:
                service_username = "%s%s" % (prefix, service_username)

            # NOTE(jamespage) internal IP for backwards compat for SSL certs
            internal_cn = urlparse.urlparse(settings['internal_url']).hostname
            https_cns.append(internal_cn)
            public_cn = urlparse.urlparse(settings['public_url']).hostname
            https_cns.append(public_cn)
            https_cns.append(urlparse.urlparse(settings['admin_url']).hostname)
    else:
        # assemble multiple endpoints from relation data. service name
        # should be prepended to setting name, ie:
        #  realtion-set ec2_service=$foo ec2_region=$foo ec2_public_url=$foo
        #  relation-set nova_service=$foo nova_region=$foo nova_public_url=$foo
        # Results in a dict that looks like:
        # { 'ec2': {
        #       'service': $foo
        #       'region': $foo
        #       'public_url': $foo
        #   }
        #   'nova': {
        #       'service': $foo
        #       'region': $foo
        #       'public_url': $foo
        #   }
        # }
        endpoints = {}
        for k, v in settings.iteritems():
            ep = k.split('_')[0]
            x = '_'.join(k.split('_')[1:])
            if ep not in endpoints:
                endpoints[ep] = {}
            endpoints[ep][x] = v

        services = []
        https_cn = None
        for ep in endpoints:
            # weed out any unrelated relation stuff Juju might have added
            # by ensuring each possible endpiont has appropriate fields
            #  ['service', 'region', 'public_url', 'admin_url', 'internal_url']
            if single.issubset(endpoints[ep]):
                ep = endpoints[ep]
                ensure_valid_service(ep['service'])
                add_endpoint(region=ep['region'], service=ep['service'],
                             publicurl=ep['public_url'],
                             adminurl=ep['admin_url'],
                             internalurl=ep['internal_url'])
                services.append(ep['service'])
                # NOTE(jamespage) internal IP for backwards compat for
                # SSL certs
                internal_cn = urlparse.urlparse(ep['internal_url']).hostname
                https_cns.append(internal_cn)
                https_cns.append(urlparse.urlparse(ep['public_url']).hostname)
                https_cns.append(urlparse.urlparse(ep['admin_url']).hostname)

        service_username = '_'.join(services)

        # If an admin username prefix is provided, ensure all services use it.
        prefix = config('service-admin-prefix')
        if prefix:
            service_username = "%s%s" % (prefix, service_username)

    if 'None' in settings.itervalues():
        return

    if not service_username:
        return

    token = get_admin_token()
    roles = get_requested_roles(settings)
    service_password = create_service_credentials(service_username,
                                                  new_roles=roles)

    # As of https://review.openstack.org/#change,4675, all nodes hosting
    # an endpoint(s) needs a service username and password assigned to
    # the service tenant and granted admin role.
    # note: config('service-tenant') is created in utils.ensure_initial_admin()
    # we return a token, information about our API endpoints, and the generated
    # service credentials
    service_tenant = config('service-tenant')
    domain_name = 'Default' if manager.api_version == 3 else None
    grant_role(service_username, 'Admin', service_tenant, domain_name)

    # NOTE(dosaboy): we use __null__ to represent settings that are to be
    # routed to relations via the cluster relation and set to None.
    relation_data = {
        "auth_host": resolve_address(ADMIN),
        "service_host": resolve_address(PUBLIC),
        "admin_token": token,
        "service_port": config("service-port"),
        "auth_port": config("admin-port"),
        "service_username": service_username,
        "service_password": service_password,
        "service_tenant": service_tenant,
        "service_tenant_id": manager.resolve_tenant_id(service_tenant),
        "https_keystone": '__null__',
        "ssl_cert": '__null__',
        "ssl_key": '__null__',
        "ca_cert": '__null__',
        "auth_protocol": protocol,
        "service_protocol": protocol,
        "api_version": get_api_version(),
    }

    # generate or get a new cert/key for service if set to manage certs.
    https_service_endpoints = config('https-service-endpoints')
    if https_service_endpoints and bool_from_string(https_service_endpoints):
        ca = get_ca(user=SSH_USER)
        # NOTE(jamespage) may have multiple cns to deal with to iterate
        https_cns = set(https_cns)
        for https_cn in https_cns:
            cert, key = ca.get_cert_and_key(common_name=https_cn)
            relation_data['ssl_cert_{}'.format(https_cn)] = b64encode(cert)
            relation_data['ssl_key_{}'.format(https_cn)] = b64encode(key)

        # NOTE(jamespage) for backwards compatibility
        cert, key = ca.get_cert_and_key(common_name=internal_cn)
        relation_data['ssl_cert'] = b64encode(cert)
        relation_data['ssl_key'] = b64encode(key)

        # Get and pass CA bundle settings
        relation_data.update(get_ssl_ca_settings())

    peer_store_and_set(relation_id=relation_id, **relation_data)
    # NOTE(dosaboy): '__null__' settings are for peer relation only so that
    # settings can flushed so we filter them out for non-peer relation.
    filtered = filter_null(relation_data)
    relation_set(relation_id=relation_id, **filtered)


def add_credentials_to_keystone(relation_id=None, remote_unit=None):
    """Add authentication credentials without a service endpoint

    Creates credentials and then peer stores and relation sets them

    :param relation_id: Relation id of the relation
    :param remote_unit: Related unit on the relation
    """
    manager = get_manager()
    settings = relation_get(rid=relation_id, unit=remote_unit)

    credentials_username = settings.get('username')
    if not credentials_username:
        log("identity-credentials peer has not yet set username")
        return

    if get_api_version() == 2:
        domain = None
    else:
        domain = settings.get('domain') or DEFAULT_DOMAIN

    # Use passed project or the service project
    credentials_project = settings.get('project') or config('service-tenant')
    create_tenant(credentials_project)

    # Use passed grants or default to granting the Admin role
    credentials_grants = (get_requested_grants(settings) or
                          [config('admin-role')])

    # Create the user
    credentials_password = create_user_credentials(
        credentials_username,
        get_service_password(credentials_username),
        tenant=credentials_project,
        new_roles=get_requested_roles(settings),
        grants=credentials_grants,
        domain=domain)

    protocol = get_protocol()

    relation_data = {
        "auth_host": resolve_address(ADMIN),
        "credentials_host": resolve_address(PUBLIC),
        "credentials_port": config("service-port"),
        "auth_port": config("admin-port"),
        "credentials_username": credentials_username,
        "credentials_password": credentials_password,
        "credentials_project": credentials_project,
        "credentials_project_id":
            manager.resolve_tenant_id(credentials_project),
        "auth_protocol": protocol,
        "credentials_protocol": protocol,
        "api_version": get_api_version(),
        "region": config('region')
    }
    # Get and pass CA bundle settings
    relation_data.update(get_ssl_ca_settings())

    peer_store_and_set(relation_id=relation_id, **relation_data)


def get_ssl_ca_settings():
    """ Get the Certificate Authority settings required to use the CA

    :returns: Dictionary with https_keystone and ca_cert set
    """
    ca_data = {}
    https_service_endpoints = config('https-service-endpoints')
    if (https_service_endpoints and
            bool_from_string(https_service_endpoints)):
        # Pass CA cert as client will need it to
        # verify https connections
        ca = get_ca(user=SSH_USER)
        ca_bundle = ca.get_ca_bundle()
        ca_data['https_keystone'] = 'True'
        ca_data['ca_cert'] = b64encode(ca_bundle)
    return ca_data


def get_protocol():
    """Determine the http protocol

    :returns: http or https
    """
    if https():
        protocol = 'https'
    else:
        protocol = 'http'
    return protocol


def ensure_valid_service(service):
    if service not in valid_services.keys():
        log("Invalid service requested: '%s'" % service)
        relation_set(admin_token=-1)
        return


def add_endpoint(region, service, publicurl, adminurl, internalurl):
    desc = valid_services[service]["desc"]
    service_type = valid_services[service]["type"]
    create_service_entry(service, service_type, desc)
    create_endpoint_template(region=region, service=service,
                             publicurl=publicurl,
                             adminurl=adminurl,
                             internalurl=internalurl)


def get_requested_roles(settings):
    """Retrieve any valid requested_roles from dict settings"""
    if ('requested_roles' in settings and
            settings['requested_roles'] not in ['None', None]):
        return settings['requested_roles'].split(',')
    else:
        return []


def get_requested_grants(settings):
    """Retrieve any valid requested_grants from dict settings

    :param settings: dictionary which may contain key, requested_grants,
                     with comma delimited list of roles to grant.
    :returns: list of roles to grant
    """
    if ('requested_grants' in settings and
            settings['requested_grants'] not in ['None', None]):
        return settings['requested_grants'].split(',')
    else:
        return []


def setup_ipv6():
    """Check ipv6-mode validity and setup dependencies"""
    ubuntu_rel = lsb_release()['DISTRIB_CODENAME'].lower()
    if ubuntu_rel < "trusty":
        raise Exception("IPv6 is not supported in the charms for Ubuntu "
                        "versions less than Trusty 14.04")

    # Need haproxy >= 1.5.3 for ipv6 so for Trusty if we are <= Kilo we need to
    # use trusty-backports otherwise we can use the UCA.
    if ubuntu_rel == 'trusty' and os_release('keystone') < 'liberty':
        add_source('deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-backports '
                   'main')
        apt_update()
        apt_install('haproxy/trusty-backports', fatal=True)


def send_notifications(data, force=False):
    """Send notifications to all units listening on the identity-notifications
    interface.

    Units are expected to ignore notifications that they don't expect.

    NOTE: settings that are not required/inuse must always be set to None
          so that they are removed from the relation.

    :param data: Dict of key=value to use as trigger for notification. If the
                 last broadcast is unchanged by the addition of this data, the
                 notification will not be sent.
    :param force: Determines whether a trigger value is set to ensure the
                  remote hook is fired.
    """
    if not data or not is_elected_leader(CLUSTER_RES):
        log("Not sending notifications (no data or not leader)", level=INFO)
        return

    rel_ids = relation_ids('identity-notifications')
    if not rel_ids:
        log("No relations on identity-notifications - skipping broadcast",
            level=INFO)
        return

    keys = []
    diff = False

    # Get all settings previously sent
    for rid in rel_ids:
        rs = relation_get(unit=local_unit(), rid=rid)
        if rs:
            keys += rs.keys()

        # Don't bother checking if we have already identified a diff
        if diff:
            continue

        # Work out if this notification changes anything
        for k, v in data.iteritems():
            if rs.get(k, None) != v:
                diff = True
                break

    if not diff:
        log("Notifications unchanged by new values so skipping broadcast",
            level=INFO)
        return

    # Set all to None
    _notifications = {k: None for k in set(keys)}

    # Set new values
    for k, v in data.iteritems():
        _notifications[k] = v

    if force:
        _notifications['trigger'] = str(uuid.uuid4())

    # Broadcast
    log("Sending identity-service notifications (trigger=%s)" % (force),
        level=DEBUG)
    for rid in rel_ids:
        relation_set(relation_id=rid, relation_settings=_notifications)


def is_db_ready(use_current_context=False, db_rel=None):
    """Database relations are expected to provide a list of 'allowed' units to
    confirm that the database is ready for use by those units.

    If db relation has provided this information and local unit is a member,
    returns True otherwise False.
    """
    key = 'allowed_units'
    db_rels = ['shared-db', 'pgsql-db']
    if db_rel:
        db_rels = [db_rel]

    rel_has_units = False

    if use_current_context:
        if not any([relation_id() in relation_ids(r) for r in db_rels]):
            raise Exception("use_current_context=True but not in one of %s "
                            "rel hook contexts (currently in %s)." %
                            (', '.join(db_rels), relation_id()))

        allowed_units = relation_get(attribute=key)
        if allowed_units and local_unit() in allowed_units.split():
            return True

        # We are in shared-db rel but don't yet have permissions
        log("%s does not yet have db permissions" % (local_unit()),
            level=DEBUG)
        return False
    else:
        for rel in db_rels:
            for rid in relation_ids(rel):
                for unit in related_units(rid):
                    allowed_units = relation_get(rid=rid, unit=unit,
                                                 attribute=key)
                    if allowed_units and local_unit() in allowed_units.split():
                        return True

                    rel_has_units = True

    # If neither relation has units then we are probably in sqlite mode so
    # return True.
    return not rel_has_units


def git_install(projects_yaml):
    """Perform setup, and install git repos specified in yaml parameter."""
    if git_install_requested():
        git_pre_install()
        git_clone_and_install(projects_yaml, core_project='keystone')
        git_post_install(projects_yaml)


def git_pre_install():
    """Perform keystone pre-install setup."""
    dirs = [
        '/var/lib/keystone',
        '/var/lib/keystone/cache',
        '/var/log/keystone',
    ]

    logs = [
        '/var/log/keystone/keystone.log',
    ]

    adduser('keystone', shell='/bin/bash', system_user=True)
    add_group('keystone', system_group=True)
    add_user_to_group('keystone', 'keystone')

    for d in dirs:
        mkdir(d, owner='keystone', group='keystone', perms=0o755, force=False)

    for l in logs:
        write_file(l, '', owner='keystone', group='keystone', perms=0o600)


def git_post_install(projects_yaml):
    """Perform keystone post-install setup."""
    http_proxy = git_yaml_value(projects_yaml, 'http_proxy')
    if http_proxy:
        pip_install('mysql-python', proxy=http_proxy,
                    venv=git_pip_venv_dir(projects_yaml))
    else:
        pip_install('mysql-python',
                    venv=git_pip_venv_dir(projects_yaml))

    src_etc = os.path.join(git_src_dir(projects_yaml, 'keystone'), 'etc')
    configs = {
        'src': src_etc,
        'dest': '/etc/keystone',
    }

    if os.path.exists(configs['dest']):
        shutil.rmtree(configs['dest'])
    shutil.copytree(configs['src'], configs['dest'])

    # NOTE(coreycb): Need to find better solution than bin symlinks.
    symlinks = [
        {'src': os.path.join(git_pip_venv_dir(projects_yaml),
                             'bin/keystone-manage'),
         'link': '/usr/local/bin/keystone-manage'},
    ]

    for s in symlinks:
        if os.path.lexists(s['link']):
            os.remove(s['link'])
        os.symlink(s['src'], s['link'])

    render('git/logging.conf', '/etc/keystone/logging.conf', {}, perms=0o644)

    bin_dir = os.path.join(git_pip_venv_dir(projects_yaml), 'bin')
    keystone_context = {
        'service_description': 'Keystone API server',
        'service_name': 'Keystone',
        'user_name': 'keystone',
        'start_dir': '/var/lib/keystone',
        'process_name': 'keystone',
        'executable_name': os.path.join(bin_dir, 'keystone-all'),
        'config_files': ['/etc/keystone/keystone.conf'],
        'log_file': '/var/log/keystone/keystone.log',
    }

    # NOTE(coreycb): Needs systemd support
    templates_dir = 'hooks/charmhelpers/contrib/openstack/templates'
    templates_dir = os.path.join(charm_dir(), templates_dir)
    render('git.upstart', '/etc/init/keystone.conf', keystone_context,
           perms=0o644, templates_dir=templates_dir)

    # Don't restart if the unit is supposed to be paused.
    if not is_unit_paused_set():
        service_restart(keystone_service())


def check_optional_relations(configs):
    if relation_ids('ha'):
        try:
            get_hacluster_config()
        except:
            return ('blocked',
                    'hacluster missing configuration: '
                    'vip, vip_iface, vip_cidr')
        required_interfaces = {'ha': ['cluster']}
        set_os_workload_status(configs, required_interfaces)
        return status_get()
    else:
        return 'unknown', 'No optional relations'


def assess_status(configs):
    """Assess status of current unit

    Decides what the state of the unit should be based on the current
    configuration.

    SIDE EFFECT: calls set_os_workload_status(...) which sets the workload
    status of the unit.
    Also calls status_set(...) directly if paused state isn't complete.

    @param configs: a templating.OSConfigRenderer() object
    @returns None - this function is executed for its side-effect
    """
    assess_status_func(configs)()


def assess_status_func(configs):
    """Helper function to create the function that will assess_status() for
    the unit.
    Uses charmhelpers.contrib.openstack.utils.make_assess_status_func() to
    create the appropriate status function and then returns it.
    Used directly by assess_status() and also for pausing and resuming
    the unit.

    @param configs: a templating.OSConfigRenderer() object
    @return f() -> None : a function that assesses the unit's workload status
    """
    return make_assess_status_func(
        configs, REQUIRED_INTERFACES, charm_func=check_optional_relations,
        services=services(), ports=determine_ports())


def get_admin_domain_id():
    domain_id = None
    if os.path.isfile(STORED_ADMIN_DOMAIN_ID):
        log("Loading stored domain id from %s" % STORED_ADMIN_DOMAIN_ID,
            level=INFO)
        with open(STORED_ADMIN_DOMAIN_ID, 'r') as fd:
            domain_id = fd.readline().strip('\n')
    return domain_id


def pause_unit_helper(configs):
    """Helper function to pause a unit, and then call assess_status(...) in
    effect, so that the status is correctly updated.
    Uses charmhelpers.contrib.openstack.utils.pause_unit() to do the work.

    @param configs: a templating.OSConfigRenderer() object
    @returns None - this function is executed for its side-effect
    """
    _pause_resume_helper(pause_unit, configs)


def resume_unit_helper(configs):
    """Helper function to resume a unit, and then call assess_status(...) in
    effect, so that the status is correctly updated.
    Uses charmhelpers.contrib.openstack.utils.resume_unit() to do the work.

    @param configs: a templating.OSConfigRenderer() object
    @returns None - this function is executed for its side-effect
    """
    _pause_resume_helper(resume_unit, configs)


def _pause_resume_helper(f, configs):
    """Helper function that uses the make_assess_status_func(...) from
    charmhelpers.contrib.openstack.utils to create an assess_status(...)
    function that can be used with the pause/resume of the unit

    @param f: the function to be used with the assess_status(...) function
    @returns None - this function is executed for its side-effect
    """
    f(assess_status_func(configs),
      services=services(),
      ports=determine_ports())