.. _volume_backups: ========================================= Back up and restore volumes and snapshots ========================================= The ``openstack`` command-line interface provides the tools for creating a volume backup. You can restore a volume from a backup as long as the backup's associated database information (or backup metadata) is intact in the Block Storage database. Run this command to create a backup of a volume: .. code-block:: console $ openstack volume backup create [--incremental] [--force] VOLUME Where ``VOLUME`` is the name or ID of the volume, ``incremental`` is a flag that indicates whether an incremental backup should be performed, and ``force`` is a flag that allows or disallows backup of a volume when the volume is attached to an instance. Without the ``incremental`` flag, a full backup is created by default. With the ``incremental`` flag, an incremental backup is created. Without the ``force`` flag, the volume will be backed up only if its status is ``available``. With the ``force`` flag, the volume will be backed up whether its status is ``available`` or ``in-use``. A volume is ``in-use`` when it is attached to an instance. The backup of an ``in-use`` volume means your data is crash consistent. The ``force`` flag is False by default. .. note:: The ``incremental`` and ``force`` flags are only available since block storage API v2. You have to specify ``[--os-volume-api-version 2]`` in the ``cinder`` command-line interface to use this parameter. .. note:: The ``force`` flag is new in OpenStack Liberty. The incremental backup is based on a parent backup which is an existing backup with the latest timestamp. The parent backup can be a full backup or an incremental backup depending on the timestamp. .. note:: The first backup of a volume has to be a full backup. Attempting to do an incremental backup without any existing backups will fail. There is an ``is_incremental`` flag that indicates whether a backup is incremental when showing details on the backup. Another flag, ``has_dependent_backups``, returned when showing backup details, will indicate whether the backup has dependent backups. If it is ``true``, attempting to delete this backup will fail. A new configure option ``backup_swift_block_size`` is introduced into ``cinder.conf`` for the default Swift backup driver. This is the size in bytes that changes are tracked for incremental backups. The existing ``backup_swift_object_size`` option, the size in bytes of Swift backup objects, has to be a multiple of ``backup_swift_block_size``. The default is 32768 for ``backup_swift_block_size``, and the default is 52428800 for ``backup_swift_object_size``. The configuration option ``backup_swift_enable_progress_timer`` in ``cinder.conf`` is used when backing up the volume to Object Storage back end. This option enables or disables the timer. It is enabled by default to send the periodic progress notifications to the Telemetry service. This command also returns a backup ID. Use this backup ID when restoring the volume: .. code-block:: console $ openstack volume backup restore BACKUP_ID VOLUME_ID When restoring from a full backup, it is a full restore. When restoring from an incremental backup, a list of backups is built based on the IDs of the parent backups. A full restore is performed based on the full backup first, then restore is done based on the incremental backup, laying on top of it in order. You can view a backup list with the :command:`openstack volume backup list` command. Optional arguments to clarify the status of your backups include: running ``--name``, ``--status``, and ``--volume`` to filter through backups by the specified name, status, or volume-id. Search with ``--all-projects`` for details of the projects associated with the listed backups. Because volume backups are dependent on the Block Storage database, you must also back up your Block Storage database regularly to ensure data recovery. .. note:: Alternatively, you can export and save the metadata of selected volume backups. Doing so precludes the need to back up the entire Block Storage database. This is useful if you need only a small subset of volumes to survive a catastrophic database failure. If you specify a UUID encryption key when setting up the volume specifications, the backup metadata ensures that the key will remain valid when you back up and restore the volume. For more information about how to export and import volume backup metadata, see the section called :ref:`volume_backups_export_import`. By default, the swift object store is used for the backup repository. If instead you want to use an NFS export as the backup repository, add the following configuration options to the ``[DEFAULT]`` section of the ``cinder.conf`` file and restart the Block Storage services: .. code-block:: ini backup_driver = cinder.backup.drivers.nfs backup_share = HOST:EXPORT_PATH For the ``backup_share`` option, replace ``HOST`` with the DNS resolvable host name or the IP address of the storage server for the NFS share, and ``EXPORT_PATH`` with the path to that share. If your environment requires that non-default mount options be specified for the share, set these as follows: .. code-block:: ini backup_mount_options = MOUNT_OPTIONS ``MOUNT_OPTIONS`` is a comma-separated string of NFS mount options as detailed in the NFS man page. There are several other options whose default values may be overridden as appropriate for your environment: .. code-block:: ini backup_compression_algorithm = zlib backup_sha_block_size_bytes = 32768 backup_file_size = 1999994880 The option ``backup_compression_algorithm`` can be set to ``bz2`` or ``None``. The latter can be a useful setting when the server providing the share for the backup repository itself performs deduplication or compression on the backup data. The option ``backup_file_size`` must be a multiple of ``backup_sha_block_size_bytes``. It is effectively the maximum file size to be used, given your environment, to hold backup data. Volumes larger than this will be stored in multiple files in the backup repository. The ``backup_sha_block_size_bytes`` option determines the size of blocks from the cinder volume being backed up on which digital signatures are calculated in order to enable incremental backup capability. You also have the option of resetting the state of a backup. When creating or restoring a backup, sometimes it may get stuck in the creating or restoring states due to problems like the database or rabbitmq being down. In situations like these resetting the state of the backup can restore it to a functional status. Run this command to restore the state of a backup: .. code-block:: console $ cinder backup-reset-state [--state STATE] BACKUP_ID-1 BACKUP_ID-2 ... Run this command to create a backup of a snapshot: .. code-block:: console $ openstack volume backup create [--incremental] [--force] \ [--snapshot SNAPSHOT_ID] VOLUME Where ``VOLUME`` is the name or ID of the volume, ``SNAPSHOT_ID`` is the ID of the volume's snapshot. Cancelling ---------- Since Liberty it is possible to cancel an ongoing backup operation on any of the Chunked Backup type of drivers such as Swift, NFS, Google, GlusterFS, and Posix. To issue a backup cancellation on a backup we must request a force delete on the backup. .. code-block:: console $ openstack volume backup delete --force BACKUP_ID .. note:: The policy on force delete defaults to admin only. Even if the backup is immediately deleted, and therefore no longer appears in the listings, the cancellation may take a little bit longer, so please check the status of the source resource to see when it stops being "backing-up". .. note:: Before Pike the "backing-up" status would always be stored in the volume, even when backing up a snapshot, so when backing up a snapshot any delete operation on the snapshot that followed a cancellation could result in an error if the snapshot was still mapped. Polling on the volume to stop being "backing-up" prior to the deletion is required to ensure success. Since Rocky it is also possible to cancel an ongoing restoring operation on any of the Chunked Backup type of drivers. To issue a backup restoration cancellation we need to alter its status to anything other than `restoring`. We strongly recommend using the "error" state to avoid any confusion on whether the restore was successful or not. .. code-block:: console $ openstack volume backup set --state error BACKUP_ID .. warning:: After a restore operation has started, if it is then cancelled, the destination volume is useless, as there is no way of knowing how much data, or if any, was actually restored, hence our recommendation of using the "error" state.