diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 475f0472..0e6dcc8a 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ repos:
         files: .*\.(yaml|yml)$
         exclude: '^zuul.d/.*$'
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.9.6
+    rev: v0.11.8
     hooks:
       - id: ruff
         args: ['--fix', '--unsafe-fixes']
diff --git a/cliff/app.py b/cliff/app.py
index 575c4e51..f992738b 100644
--- a/cliff/app.py
+++ b/cliff/app.py
@@ -76,15 +76,14 @@ class App:
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        description: ty.Optional[str],
-        version: ty.Optional[str],
+        description: str | None,
+        version: str | None,
         command_manager: '_commandmanager.CommandManager',
-        stdin: ty.Optional[ty.TextIO] = None,
-        stdout: ty.Optional[ty.TextIO] = None,
-        stderr: ty.Optional[ty.TextIO] = None,
-        interactive_app_factory: ty.Optional[
-            type['_interactive.InteractiveApp']
-        ] = None,
+        stdin: ty.TextIO | None = None,
+        stdout: ty.TextIO | None = None,
+        stderr: ty.TextIO | None = None,
+        interactive_app_factory: type['_interactive.InteractiveApp']
+        | None = None,
         deferred_help: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
         """Initialize the application."""
@@ -96,13 +95,13 @@ class App:
         self.deferred_help = deferred_help
         self.parser = self.build_option_parser(description, version)
         self.interactive_mode = False
-        self.interpreter: ty.Optional[_interactive.InteractiveApp] = None
+        self.interpreter: _interactive.InteractiveApp | None = None
 
     def _set_streams(
         self,
-        stdin: ty.Optional[ty.TextIO],
-        stdout: ty.Optional[ty.TextIO],
-        stderr: ty.Optional[ty.TextIO],
+        stdin: ty.TextIO | None,
+        stdout: ty.TextIO | None,
+        stderr: ty.TextIO | None,
     ) -> None:
         try:
             locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, '')
@@ -141,9 +140,9 @@ class App:
 
     def build_option_parser(
         self,
-        description: ty.Optional[str],
-        version: ty.Optional[str],
-        argparse_kwargs: ty.Optional[dict[str, ty.Any]] = None,
+        description: str | None,
+        version: str | None,
+        argparse_kwargs: dict[str, ty.Any] | None = None,
     ) -> _argparse.ArgumentParser:
         """Return an argparse option parser for this application.
 
@@ -331,7 +330,7 @@ class App:
         self,
         cmd: '_command.Command',
         result: int,
-        err: ty.Optional[BaseException],
+        err: BaseException | None,
     ) -> None:
         """Hook run after a command is done to shutdown the app.
 
@@ -434,7 +433,7 @@ class App:
             kwargs['cmd_name'] = cmd_name
         cmd = cmd_factory(self, self.options, **kwargs)
         result = 1
-        err: ty.Optional[BaseException] = None
+        err: BaseException | None = None
         try:
             self.prepare_to_run_command(cmd)
             full_name = (
diff --git a/cliff/command.py b/cliff/command.py
index 6b5df658..d0ec0e2b 100644
--- a/cliff/command.py
+++ b/cliff/command.py
@@ -12,22 +12,15 @@
 
 import abc
 import argparse
+from importlib.metadata import packages_distributions
 import inspect
 import types
-import sys
 import typing as ty
 
 from stevedore import extension
 
 from cliff import _argparse
 
-if sys.version_info < (3, 10):
-    # Python 3.9 and older
-    from importlib_metadata import packages_distributions
-else:
-    # Python 3.10 and later
-    from importlib.metadata import packages_distributions  # type: ignore
-
 if ty.TYPE_CHECKING:
     from . import app as _app
 
@@ -52,8 +45,8 @@ def _get_distributions_by_modules() -> dict[str, str]:
 
 
 def _get_distribution_for_module(
-    module: ty.Optional[types.ModuleType],
-) -> ty.Optional[str]:
+    module: types.ModuleType | None,
+) -> str | None:
     "Return the distribution containing the module."
     dist_name = None
     if module:
@@ -77,7 +70,7 @@ class Command(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
     :param cmd_name: The name of the command.
     """
 
-    app_dist_name: ty.Optional[str]
+    app_dist_name: str | None
 
     deprecated = False
     conflict_handler = 'ignore'
@@ -88,8 +81,8 @@ class Command(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
     def __init__(
         self,
         app: '_app.App',
-        app_args: ty.Optional[argparse.Namespace],
-        cmd_name: ty.Optional[str] = None,
+        app_args: argparse.Namespace | None,
+        cmd_name: str | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         self.app = app
         self.app_args = app_args
diff --git a/cliff/commandmanager.py b/cliff/commandmanager.py
index 3a73e2e3..abeac126 100644
--- a/cliff/commandmanager.py
+++ b/cliff/commandmanager.py
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 import collections.abc
 import inspect
 import logging
-import typing as ty
 
 import stevedore
 
@@ -158,7 +157,7 @@ class CommandManager:
                 return i
         return len(argv)
 
-    def add_command_group(self, group: ty.Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+    def add_command_group(self, group: str | None = None) -> None:
         """Adds another group of command entrypoints"""
         if group:
             self.load_commands(group)
@@ -167,7 +166,7 @@ class CommandManager:
         """Returns a list of the loaded command groups"""
         return self.group_list
 
-    def get_command_names(self, group: ty.Optional[str] = None) -> list[str]:
+    def get_command_names(self, group: str | None = None) -> list[str]:
         """Returns a list of commands loaded for the specified group"""
         group_list: list[str] = []
         if group is not None:
diff --git a/cliff/complete.py b/cliff/complete.py
index 4d1c64cd..cb9e027a 100644
--- a/cliff/complete.py
+++ b/cliff/complete.py
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ class CompleteCommand(_command.Command):
         self,
         app: 'app.App',
         app_args: argparse.Namespace,
-        cmd_name: ty.Optional[str] = None,
+        cmd_name: str | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(app, app_args, cmd_name)
         self._formatters = stevedore.ExtensionManager(
diff --git a/cliff/display.py b/cliff/display.py
index 5a90ea5f..b4cb276e 100644
--- a/cliff/display.py
+++ b/cliff/display.py
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ class DisplayCommandBase(command.Command, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
     def __init__(
         self,
         app: app.App,
-        app_args: ty.Optional[argparse.Namespace],
-        cmd_name: ty.Optional[str] = None,
+        app_args: argparse.Namespace | None,
+        cmd_name: str | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(app, app_args, cmd_name=cmd_name)
         self._formatter_plugins = self._load_formatter_plugins()
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class DisplayCommandBase(command.Command, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
         self,
         parsed_args: argparse.Namespace,
         column_names: collections.abc.Sequence[str],
-    ) -> tuple[list[str], ty.Optional[list[bool]]]:
+    ) -> tuple[list[str], list[bool] | None]:
         """Generate included columns and selector according to parsed args.
 
         We normalize the column names so that someone can do e.g. '-c
diff --git a/cliff/formatters/table.py b/cliff/formatters/table.py
index 6de7d96b..6546a76c 100644
--- a/cliff/formatters/table.py
+++ b/cliff/formatters/table.py
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ _T = ty.TypeVar('_T')
 
 def _format_row(
     row: collections.abc.Iterable[
-        ty.Union[columns.FormattableColumn[ty.Any], str, _T]
+        columns.FormattableColumn[ty.Any] | str | _T
     ],
-) -> list[ty.Union[_T, str]]:
+) -> list[_T | str]:
     new_row = []
     for r in row:
         if isinstance(r, columns.FormattableColumn):
diff --git a/cliff/help.py b/cliff/help.py
index 99252c65..d36d12d7 100644
--- a/cliff/help.py
+++ b/cliff/help.py
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ class HelpAction(argparse.Action):
         self,
         parser: argparse.ArgumentParser,
         namespace: argparse.Namespace,
-        values: ty.Union[str, collections.abc.Sequence[ty.Any], None],
-        option_string: ty.Optional[str] = None,
+        values: str | collections.abc.Sequence[ty.Any] | None,
+        option_string: str | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         app = self.default
         pager = autopage.argparse.help_pager(app.stdout)
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class HelpAction(argparse.Action):
             out.write('\n{}Commands{}:\n'.format(*title_hl))
             dists_by_module = command._get_distributions_by_modules()
 
-            def dist_for_obj(obj: object) -> ty.Optional[str]:
+            def dist_for_obj(obj: object) -> str | None:
                 mod = inspect.getmodule(obj)
                 if mod is None:
                     raise RuntimeError(f"failed to find app: {obj}")
diff --git a/cliff/hooks.py b/cliff/hooks.py
index 2fba5675..8ed9cf60 100644
--- a/cliff/hooks.py
+++ b/cliff/hooks.py
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 
 import abc
 import argparse
-import typing as ty
 
 from cliff import _argparse
 from cliff import command
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ class CommandHook(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
     @abc.abstractmethod
     def get_parser(
         self, parser: _argparse.ArgumentParser
-    ) -> ty.Optional[_argparse.ArgumentParser]:
+    ) -> _argparse.ArgumentParser | None:
         """Modify the command :class:`argparse.ArgumentParser`.
 
         The provided parser is modified in-place, and the return value is not
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ class CommandHook(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
         return parser
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
-    def get_epilog(self) -> ty.Optional[str]:
+    def get_epilog(self) -> str | None:
         """Return text to add to the command help epilog.
 
         :returns: An epilog string or None.
diff --git a/cliff/interactive.py b/cliff/interactive.py
index e771fe47..607d3f81 100644
--- a/cliff/interactive.py
+++ b/cliff/interactive.py
@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ class InteractiveApp(cmd2.Cmd):
         self,
         parent_app: '_app.App',
         command_manager: '_commandmanager.CommandManager',
-        stdin: ty.Optional[ty.TextIO],
-        stdout: ty.Optional[ty.TextIO],
+        stdin: ty.TextIO | None,
+        stdout: ty.TextIO | None,
         errexit: bool = False,
     ):
         self.parent_app = parent_app
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class InteractiveApp(cmd2.Cmd):
         cmd2.Cmd.__init__(self, 'tab', stdin=stdin, stdout=stdout)
 
     # def _split_line(self, line: cmd2.Statement) -> list[str]:
-    def _split_line(self, line: ty.Union[str, cmd2.Statement]) -> list[str]:
+    def _split_line(self, line: str | cmd2.Statement) -> list[str]:
         # cmd2 >= 0.9.1 gives us a Statement not a PyParsing parse
         # result.
         parts = shlex.split(line)
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class InteractiveApp(cmd2.Cmd):
             parts.insert(0, line.command)
         return parts
 
-    def default(self, line: str) -> ty.Optional[bool]:  # type: ignore[override]
+    def default(self, line: str) -> bool | None:  # type: ignore[override]
         # Tie in the default command processor to
         # dispatch commands known to the command manager.
         # We send the message through our parent app,
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class InteractiveApp(cmd2.Cmd):
         # Use the command manager to get instructions for "help"
         self.default('help help')
 
-    def do_help(self, arg: ty.Optional[str]) -> None:
+    def do_help(self, arg: str | None) -> None:
         if arg:
             # Check if the arg is a builtin command or something
             # coming from the command manager
@@ -167,9 +167,7 @@ class InteractiveApp(cmd2.Cmd):
             n for n in cmd2.Cmd.get_names(self) if not n.startswith('do__')
         ]
 
-    def precmd(
-        self, statement: ty.Union[cmd2.Statement, str]
-    ) -> cmd2.Statement:
+    def precmd(self, statement: cmd2.Statement | str) -> cmd2.Statement:
         """Hook method executed just before the command is executed by
         :meth:`~cmd2.Cmd.onecmd` and after adding it to history.
 
@@ -207,7 +205,7 @@ class InteractiveApp(cmd2.Cmd):
             )
         return statement
 
-    def cmdloop(self, intro: ty.Optional[str] = None) -> None:  # type: ignore[override]
+    def cmdloop(self, intro: str | None = None) -> None:  # type: ignore[override]
         # We don't want the cmd2 cmdloop() behaviour, just call the old one
         # directly.  In part this is because cmd2.cmdloop() doe not return
         # anything useful and we want to have a useful exit code.
diff --git a/cliff/sphinxext.py b/cliff/sphinxext.py
index dd050573..cdc8bab4 100644
--- a/cliff/sphinxext.py
+++ b/cliff/sphinxext.py
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ class AutoprogramCliffDirective(rst.Directive):
                     del parser._actions[parser._actions.index(action)]
                     break
 
-    def _load_app(self) -> ty.Optional[app.App]:
+    def _load_app(self) -> app.App | None:
         mod_str, _sep, class_str = self.arguments[0].rpartition('.')
         if not mod_str:
             return None
diff --git a/cliff/tests/test_columns.py b/cliff/tests/test_columns.py
index e7be90e8..3b5a4421 100644
--- a/cliff/tests/test_columns.py
+++ b/cliff/tests/test_columns.py
@@ -10,13 +10,12 @@
 #  License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
 #  under the License.
 
-import typing as ty
 import unittest
 
 from cliff import columns
 
 
-class FauxColumn(columns.FormattableColumn[ty.Union[str, list[str]]]):
+class FauxColumn(columns.FormattableColumn[str | list[str]]):
     def human_readable(self):
         return f'I made this string myself: {self._value}'
 
diff --git a/cliff/utils.py b/cliff/utils.py
index 0890cef9..8e704821 100644
--- a/cliff/utils.py
+++ b/cliff/utils.py
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import os
-import typing as ty
 
 # Each edit operation is assigned different cost, such as:
 #  'w' means swap operation, the cost is 0;
@@ -91,7 +90,7 @@ def damerau_levenshtein(s1: str, s2: str, cost: dict[str, int]) -> int:
     return row1[-1]
 
 
-def terminal_width() -> ty.Optional[int]:
+def terminal_width() -> int | None:
     """Return terminal width in columns
 
     Uses `os.get_terminal_size` function
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index a9e75817..a831b833 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [tool.mypy]
-python_version = "3.9"
+python_version = "3.10"
 show_column_numbers = true
 show_error_context = true
 ignore_missing_imports = true
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ disallow_subclassing_any = false
 
 [tool.ruff]
 line-length = 79
+target-version = "py310"
 
 [tool.ruff.format]
 quote-style = "preserve"