1209 lines
50 KiB
Python
1209 lines
50 KiB
Python
from __future__ import generators
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"""
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httplib2
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A caching http interface that supports ETags and gzip
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to conserve bandwidth.
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Requires Python 2.3 or later
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Changelog:
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2007-08-18, Rick: Modified so it's able to use a socks proxy if needed.
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"""
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__author__ = "Joe Gregorio (joe@bitworking.org)"
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__copyright__ = "Copyright 2006, Joe Gregorio"
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__contributors__ = ["Thomas Broyer (t.broyer@ltgt.net)",
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"James Antill",
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"Xavier Verges Farrero",
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"Jonathan Feinberg",
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"Blair Zajac",
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"Sam Ruby",
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"Louis Nyffenegger"]
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__license__ = "MIT"
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__version__ = "$Rev$"
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import re
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import sys
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import email
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import email.Utils
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import email.Message
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import email.FeedParser
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import StringIO
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import gzip
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import zlib
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import httplib
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import urlparse
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import base64
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import os
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import copy
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import calendar
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import time
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import random
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import errno
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# remove depracated warning in python2.6
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try:
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from hashlib import sha1 as _sha, md5 as _md5
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except ImportError:
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import sha
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import md5
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_sha = sha.new
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_md5 = md5.new
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import hmac
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from gettext import gettext as _
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import socket
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try:
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from httplib2 import socks
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except ImportError:
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socks = None
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# Build the appropriate socket wrapper for ssl
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try:
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import ssl # python 2.6
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_ssl_wrap_socket = ssl.wrap_socket
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except ImportError:
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def _ssl_wrap_socket(sock, key_file, cert_file):
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ssl_sock = socket.ssl(sock, key_file, cert_file)
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return httplib.FakeSocket(sock, ssl_sock)
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if sys.version_info >= (2,3):
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from iri2uri import iri2uri
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else:
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def iri2uri(uri):
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return uri
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def has_timeout(timeout): # python 2.6
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if hasattr(socket, '_GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT'):
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return (timeout is not None and timeout is not socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT)
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return (timeout is not None)
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__all__ = ['Http', 'Response', 'ProxyInfo', 'HttpLib2Error',
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'RedirectMissingLocation', 'RedirectLimit', 'FailedToDecompressContent',
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'UnimplementedDigestAuthOptionError', 'UnimplementedHmacDigestAuthOptionError',
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'debuglevel']
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# The httplib debug level, set to a non-zero value to get debug output
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debuglevel = 0
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# Python 2.3 support
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if sys.version_info < (2,4):
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def sorted(seq):
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seq.sort()
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return seq
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# Python 2.3 support
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def HTTPResponse__getheaders(self):
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"""Return list of (header, value) tuples."""
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if self.msg is None:
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raise httplib.ResponseNotReady()
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return self.msg.items()
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if not hasattr(httplib.HTTPResponse, 'getheaders'):
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httplib.HTTPResponse.getheaders = HTTPResponse__getheaders
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# All exceptions raised here derive from HttpLib2Error
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class HttpLib2Error(Exception): pass
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# Some exceptions can be caught and optionally
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# be turned back into responses.
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class HttpLib2ErrorWithResponse(HttpLib2Error):
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def __init__(self, desc, response, content):
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self.response = response
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self.content = content
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HttpLib2Error.__init__(self, desc)
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class RedirectMissingLocation(HttpLib2ErrorWithResponse): pass
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class RedirectLimit(HttpLib2ErrorWithResponse): pass
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class FailedToDecompressContent(HttpLib2ErrorWithResponse): pass
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class UnimplementedDigestAuthOptionError(HttpLib2ErrorWithResponse): pass
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class UnimplementedHmacDigestAuthOptionError(HttpLib2ErrorWithResponse): pass
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class RelativeURIError(HttpLib2Error): pass
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class ServerNotFoundError(HttpLib2Error): pass
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# Open Items:
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# -----------
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# Proxy support
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# Are we removing the cached content too soon on PUT (only delete on 200 Maybe?)
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# Pluggable cache storage (supports storing the cache in
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# flat files by default. We need a plug-in architecture
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# that can support Berkeley DB and Squid)
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# == Known Issues ==
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# Does not handle a resource that uses conneg and Last-Modified but no ETag as a cache validator.
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# Does not handle Cache-Control: max-stale
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# Does not use Age: headers when calculating cache freshness.
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# The number of redirections to follow before giving up.
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# Note that only GET redirects are automatically followed.
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# Will also honor 301 requests by saving that info and never
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# requesting that URI again.
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DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS = 5
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# Which headers are hop-by-hop headers by default
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HOP_BY_HOP = ['connection', 'keep-alive', 'proxy-authenticate', 'proxy-authorization', 'te', 'trailers', 'transfer-encoding', 'upgrade']
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def _get_end2end_headers(response):
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hopbyhop = list(HOP_BY_HOP)
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hopbyhop.extend([x.strip() for x in response.get('connection', '').split(',')])
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return [header for header in response.keys() if header not in hopbyhop]
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URI = re.compile(r"^(([^:/?#]+):)?(//([^/?#]*))?([^?#]*)(\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?")
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def parse_uri(uri):
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"""Parses a URI using the regex given in Appendix B of RFC 3986.
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(scheme, authority, path, query, fragment) = parse_uri(uri)
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"""
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groups = URI.match(uri).groups()
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return (groups[1], groups[3], groups[4], groups[6], groups[8])
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def urlnorm(uri):
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(scheme, authority, path, query, fragment) = parse_uri(uri)
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if not scheme or not authority:
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raise RelativeURIError("Only absolute URIs are allowed. uri = %s" % uri)
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authority = authority.lower()
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scheme = scheme.lower()
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if not path:
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path = "/"
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# Could do syntax based normalization of the URI before
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# computing the digest. See Section 6.2.2 of Std 66.
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request_uri = query and "?".join([path, query]) or path
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scheme = scheme.lower()
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defrag_uri = scheme + "://" + authority + request_uri
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return scheme, authority, request_uri, defrag_uri
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# Cache filename construction (original borrowed from Venus http://intertwingly.net/code/venus/)
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re_url_scheme = re.compile(r'^\w+://')
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re_slash = re.compile(r'[?/:|]+')
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def safename(filename):
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"""Return a filename suitable for the cache.
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Strips dangerous and common characters to create a filename we
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can use to store the cache in.
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"""
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try:
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if re_url_scheme.match(filename):
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if isinstance(filename,str):
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filename = filename.decode('utf-8')
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filename = filename.encode('idna')
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else:
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filename = filename.encode('idna')
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except UnicodeError:
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pass
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if isinstance(filename,unicode):
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filename=filename.encode('utf-8')
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filemd5 = _md5(filename).hexdigest()
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filename = re_url_scheme.sub("", filename)
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filename = re_slash.sub(",", filename)
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# limit length of filename
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if len(filename)>200:
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filename=filename[:200]
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return ",".join((filename, filemd5))
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NORMALIZE_SPACE = re.compile(r'(?:\r\n)?[ \t]+')
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def _normalize_headers(headers):
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return dict([ (key.lower(), NORMALIZE_SPACE.sub(value, ' ').strip()) for (key, value) in headers.iteritems()])
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def _parse_cache_control(headers):
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retval = {}
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if headers.has_key('cache-control'):
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parts = headers['cache-control'].split(',')
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parts_with_args = [tuple([x.strip().lower() for x in part.split("=", 1)]) for part in parts if -1 != part.find("=")]
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parts_wo_args = [(name.strip().lower(), 1) for name in parts if -1 == name.find("=")]
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retval = dict(parts_with_args + parts_wo_args)
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return retval
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# Whether to use a strict mode to parse WWW-Authenticate headers
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# Might lead to bad results in case of ill-formed header value,
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# so disabled by default, falling back to relaxed parsing.
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# Set to true to turn on, usefull for testing servers.
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USE_WWW_AUTH_STRICT_PARSING = 0
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# In regex below:
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# [^\0-\x1f\x7f-\xff()<>@,;:\\\"/[\]?={} \t]+ matches a "token" as defined by HTTP
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# "(?:[^\0-\x08\x0A-\x1f\x7f-\xff\\\"]|\\[\0-\x7f])*?" matches a "quoted-string" as defined by HTTP, when LWS have already been replaced by a single space
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# Actually, as an auth-param value can be either a token or a quoted-string, they are combined in a single pattern which matches both:
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# \"?((?<=\")(?:[^\0-\x1f\x7f-\xff\\\"]|\\[\0-\x7f])*?(?=\")|(?<!\")[^\0-\x08\x0A-\x1f\x7f-\xff()<>@,;:\\\"/[\]?={} \t]+(?!\"))\"?
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WWW_AUTH_STRICT = re.compile(r"^(?:\s*(?:,\s*)?([^\0-\x1f\x7f-\xff()<>@,;:\\\"/[\]?={} \t]+)\s*=\s*\"?((?<=\")(?:[^\0-\x08\x0A-\x1f\x7f-\xff\\\"]|\\[\0-\x7f])*?(?=\")|(?<!\")[^\0-\x1f\x7f-\xff()<>@,;:\\\"/[\]?={} \t]+(?!\"))\"?)(.*)$")
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WWW_AUTH_RELAXED = re.compile(r"^(?:\s*(?:,\s*)?([^ \t\r\n=]+)\s*=\s*\"?((?<=\")(?:[^\\\"]|\\.)*?(?=\")|(?<!\")[^ \t\r\n,]+(?!\"))\"?)(.*)$")
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UNQUOTE_PAIRS = re.compile(r'\\(.)')
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def _parse_www_authenticate(headers, headername='www-authenticate'):
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"""Returns a dictionary of dictionaries, one dict
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per auth_scheme."""
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retval = {}
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if headers.has_key(headername):
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authenticate = headers[headername].strip()
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www_auth = USE_WWW_AUTH_STRICT_PARSING and WWW_AUTH_STRICT or WWW_AUTH_RELAXED
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while authenticate:
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# Break off the scheme at the beginning of the line
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if headername == 'authentication-info':
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(auth_scheme, the_rest) = ('digest', authenticate)
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else:
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(auth_scheme, the_rest) = authenticate.split(" ", 1)
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# Now loop over all the key value pairs that come after the scheme,
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# being careful not to roll into the next scheme
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match = www_auth.search(the_rest)
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auth_params = {}
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while match:
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if match and len(match.groups()) == 3:
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(key, value, the_rest) = match.groups()
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auth_params[key.lower()] = UNQUOTE_PAIRS.sub(r'\1', value) # '\\'.join([x.replace('\\', '') for x in value.split('\\\\')])
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match = www_auth.search(the_rest)
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retval[auth_scheme.lower()] = auth_params
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authenticate = the_rest.strip()
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return retval
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def _entry_disposition(response_headers, request_headers):
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"""Determine freshness from the Date, Expires and Cache-Control headers.
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We don't handle the following:
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1. Cache-Control: max-stale
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2. Age: headers are not used in the calculations.
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Not that this algorithm is simpler than you might think
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because we are operating as a private (non-shared) cache.
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This lets us ignore 's-maxage'. We can also ignore
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'proxy-invalidate' since we aren't a proxy.
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We will never return a stale document as
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fresh as a design decision, and thus the non-implementation
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of 'max-stale'. This also lets us safely ignore 'must-revalidate'
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since we operate as if every server has sent 'must-revalidate'.
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Since we are private we get to ignore both 'public' and
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'private' parameters. We also ignore 'no-transform' since
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we don't do any transformations.
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The 'no-store' parameter is handled at a higher level.
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So the only Cache-Control parameters we look at are:
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no-cache
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only-if-cached
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max-age
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min-fresh
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"""
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retval = "STALE"
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cc = _parse_cache_control(request_headers)
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cc_response = _parse_cache_control(response_headers)
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if request_headers.has_key('pragma') and request_headers['pragma'].lower().find('no-cache') != -1:
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retval = "TRANSPARENT"
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if 'cache-control' not in request_headers:
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request_headers['cache-control'] = 'no-cache'
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elif cc.has_key('no-cache'):
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retval = "TRANSPARENT"
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elif cc_response.has_key('no-cache'):
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retval = "STALE"
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elif cc.has_key('only-if-cached'):
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retval = "FRESH"
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elif response_headers.has_key('date'):
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date = calendar.timegm(email.Utils.parsedate_tz(response_headers['date']))
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now = time.time()
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current_age = max(0, now - date)
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if cc_response.has_key('max-age'):
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try:
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freshness_lifetime = int(cc_response['max-age'])
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except ValueError:
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freshness_lifetime = 0
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elif response_headers.has_key('expires'):
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expires = email.Utils.parsedate_tz(response_headers['expires'])
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if None == expires:
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freshness_lifetime = 0
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else:
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freshness_lifetime = max(0, calendar.timegm(expires) - date)
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else:
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freshness_lifetime = 0
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if cc.has_key('max-age'):
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try:
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freshness_lifetime = int(cc['max-age'])
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except ValueError:
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freshness_lifetime = 0
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if cc.has_key('min-fresh'):
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try:
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min_fresh = int(cc['min-fresh'])
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except ValueError:
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min_fresh = 0
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current_age += min_fresh
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if freshness_lifetime > current_age:
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retval = "FRESH"
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return retval
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def _decompressContent(response, new_content):
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content = new_content
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try:
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encoding = response.get('content-encoding', None)
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if encoding in ['gzip', 'deflate']:
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if encoding == 'gzip':
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content = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=StringIO.StringIO(new_content)).read()
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if encoding == 'deflate':
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content = zlib.decompress(content)
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response['content-length'] = str(len(content))
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# Record the historical presence of the encoding in a way the won't interfere.
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response['-content-encoding'] = response['content-encoding']
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del response['content-encoding']
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except IOError:
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content = ""
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raise FailedToDecompressContent(_("Content purported to be compressed with %s but failed to decompress.") % response.get('content-encoding'), response, content)
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return content
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def _updateCache(request_headers, response_headers, content, cache, cachekey):
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if cachekey:
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cc = _parse_cache_control(request_headers)
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cc_response = _parse_cache_control(response_headers)
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if cc.has_key('no-store') or cc_response.has_key('no-store'):
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cache.delete(cachekey)
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else:
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info = email.Message.Message()
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for key, value in response_headers.iteritems():
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if key not in ['status','content-encoding','transfer-encoding']:
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info[key] = value
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# Add annotations to the cache to indicate what headers
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# are variant for this request.
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vary = response_headers.get('vary', None)
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if vary:
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vary_headers = vary.lower().replace(' ', '').split(',')
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for header in vary_headers:
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key = '-varied-%s' % header
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try:
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info[key] = request_headers[header]
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except KeyError:
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pass
|
|
|
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status = response_headers.status
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|
if status == 304:
|
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status = 200
|
|
|
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status_header = 'status: %d\r\n' % response_headers.status
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|
|
|
header_str = info.as_string()
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|
|
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header_str = re.sub("\r(?!\n)|(?<!\r)\n", "\r\n", header_str)
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text = "".join([status_header, header_str, content])
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|
|
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cache.set(cachekey, text)
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|
|
|
def _cnonce():
|
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dig = _md5("%s:%s" % (time.ctime(), ["0123456789"[random.randrange(0, 9)] for i in range(20)])).hexdigest()
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return dig[:16]
|
|
|
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def _wsse_username_token(cnonce, iso_now, password):
|
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return base64.b64encode(_sha("%s%s%s" % (cnonce, iso_now, password)).digest()).strip()
|
|
|
|
|
|
# For credentials we need two things, first
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# a pool of credential to try (not necesarily tied to BAsic, Digest, etc.)
|
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# Then we also need a list of URIs that have already demanded authentication
|
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# That list is tricky since sub-URIs can take the same auth, or the
|
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# auth scheme may change as you descend the tree.
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# So we also need each Auth instance to be able to tell us
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# how close to the 'top' it is.
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|
|
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class Authentication(object):
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def __init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http):
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(scheme, authority, path, query, fragment) = parse_uri(request_uri)
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self.path = path
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self.host = host
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self.credentials = credentials
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self.http = http
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|
|
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def depth(self, request_uri):
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(scheme, authority, path, query, fragment) = parse_uri(request_uri)
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return request_uri[len(self.path):].count("/")
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|
|
|
def inscope(self, host, request_uri):
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# XXX Should we normalize the request_uri?
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(scheme, authority, path, query, fragment) = parse_uri(request_uri)
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return (host == self.host) and path.startswith(self.path)
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|
|
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def request(self, method, request_uri, headers, content):
|
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"""Modify the request headers to add the appropriate
|
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Authorization header. Over-rise this in sub-classes."""
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pass
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|
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def response(self, response, content):
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"""Gives us a chance to update with new nonces
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or such returned from the last authorized response.
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Over-rise this in sub-classes if necessary.
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|
|
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Return TRUE is the request is to be retried, for
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example Digest may return stale=true.
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"""
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return False
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|
|
|
|
|
|
class BasicAuthentication(Authentication):
|
|
def __init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http):
|
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Authentication.__init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http)
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|
|
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def request(self, method, request_uri, headers, content):
|
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"""Modify the request headers to add the appropriate
|
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Authorization header."""
|
|
headers['authorization'] = 'Basic ' + base64.b64encode("%s:%s" % self.credentials).strip()
|
|
|
|
|
|
class DigestAuthentication(Authentication):
|
|
"""Only do qop='auth' and MD5, since that
|
|
is all Apache currently implements"""
|
|
def __init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http):
|
|
Authentication.__init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http)
|
|
challenge = _parse_www_authenticate(response, 'www-authenticate')
|
|
self.challenge = challenge['digest']
|
|
qop = self.challenge.get('qop', 'auth')
|
|
self.challenge['qop'] = ('auth' in [x.strip() for x in qop.split()]) and 'auth' or None
|
|
if self.challenge['qop'] is None:
|
|
raise UnimplementedDigestAuthOptionError( _("Unsupported value for qop: %s." % qop))
|
|
self.challenge['algorithm'] = self.challenge.get('algorithm', 'MD5').upper()
|
|
if self.challenge['algorithm'] != 'MD5':
|
|
raise UnimplementedDigestAuthOptionError( _("Unsupported value for algorithm: %s." % self.challenge['algorithm']))
|
|
self.A1 = "".join([self.credentials[0], ":", self.challenge['realm'], ":", self.credentials[1]])
|
|
self.challenge['nc'] = 1
|
|
|
|
def request(self, method, request_uri, headers, content, cnonce = None):
|
|
"""Modify the request headers"""
|
|
H = lambda x: _md5(x).hexdigest()
|
|
KD = lambda s, d: H("%s:%s" % (s, d))
|
|
A2 = "".join([method, ":", request_uri])
|
|
self.challenge['cnonce'] = cnonce or _cnonce()
|
|
request_digest = '"%s"' % KD(H(self.A1), "%s:%s:%s:%s:%s" % (self.challenge['nonce'],
|
|
'%08x' % self.challenge['nc'],
|
|
self.challenge['cnonce'],
|
|
self.challenge['qop'], H(A2)
|
|
))
|
|
headers['Authorization'] = 'Digest username="%s", realm="%s", nonce="%s", uri="%s", algorithm=%s, response=%s, qop=%s, nc=%08x, cnonce="%s"' % (
|
|
self.credentials[0],
|
|
self.challenge['realm'],
|
|
self.challenge['nonce'],
|
|
request_uri,
|
|
self.challenge['algorithm'],
|
|
request_digest,
|
|
self.challenge['qop'],
|
|
self.challenge['nc'],
|
|
self.challenge['cnonce'],
|
|
)
|
|
self.challenge['nc'] += 1
|
|
|
|
def response(self, response, content):
|
|
if not response.has_key('authentication-info'):
|
|
challenge = _parse_www_authenticate(response, 'www-authenticate').get('digest', {})
|
|
if 'true' == challenge.get('stale'):
|
|
self.challenge['nonce'] = challenge['nonce']
|
|
self.challenge['nc'] = 1
|
|
return True
|
|
else:
|
|
updated_challenge = _parse_www_authenticate(response, 'authentication-info').get('digest', {})
|
|
|
|
if updated_challenge.has_key('nextnonce'):
|
|
self.challenge['nonce'] = updated_challenge['nextnonce']
|
|
self.challenge['nc'] = 1
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
|
|
class HmacDigestAuthentication(Authentication):
|
|
"""Adapted from Robert Sayre's code and DigestAuthentication above."""
|
|
__author__ = "Thomas Broyer (t.broyer@ltgt.net)"
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http):
|
|
Authentication.__init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http)
|
|
challenge = _parse_www_authenticate(response, 'www-authenticate')
|
|
self.challenge = challenge['hmacdigest']
|
|
# TODO: self.challenge['domain']
|
|
self.challenge['reason'] = self.challenge.get('reason', 'unauthorized')
|
|
if self.challenge['reason'] not in ['unauthorized', 'integrity']:
|
|
self.challenge['reason'] = 'unauthorized'
|
|
self.challenge['salt'] = self.challenge.get('salt', '')
|
|
if not self.challenge.get('snonce'):
|
|
raise UnimplementedHmacDigestAuthOptionError( _("The challenge doesn't contain a server nonce, or this one is empty."))
|
|
self.challenge['algorithm'] = self.challenge.get('algorithm', 'HMAC-SHA-1')
|
|
if self.challenge['algorithm'] not in ['HMAC-SHA-1', 'HMAC-MD5']:
|
|
raise UnimplementedHmacDigestAuthOptionError( _("Unsupported value for algorithm: %s." % self.challenge['algorithm']))
|
|
self.challenge['pw-algorithm'] = self.challenge.get('pw-algorithm', 'SHA-1')
|
|
if self.challenge['pw-algorithm'] not in ['SHA-1', 'MD5']:
|
|
raise UnimplementedHmacDigestAuthOptionError( _("Unsupported value for pw-algorithm: %s." % self.challenge['pw-algorithm']))
|
|
if self.challenge['algorithm'] == 'HMAC-MD5':
|
|
self.hashmod = _md5
|
|
else:
|
|
self.hashmod = _sha
|
|
if self.challenge['pw-algorithm'] == 'MD5':
|
|
self.pwhashmod = _md5
|
|
else:
|
|
self.pwhashmod = _sha
|
|
self.key = "".join([self.credentials[0], ":",
|
|
self.pwhashmod.new("".join([self.credentials[1], self.challenge['salt']])).hexdigest().lower(),
|
|
":", self.challenge['realm']
|
|
])
|
|
self.key = self.pwhashmod.new(self.key).hexdigest().lower()
|
|
|
|
def request(self, method, request_uri, headers, content):
|
|
"""Modify the request headers"""
|
|
keys = _get_end2end_headers(headers)
|
|
keylist = "".join(["%s " % k for k in keys])
|
|
headers_val = "".join([headers[k] for k in keys])
|
|
created = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ',time.gmtime())
|
|
cnonce = _cnonce()
|
|
request_digest = "%s:%s:%s:%s:%s" % (method, request_uri, cnonce, self.challenge['snonce'], headers_val)
|
|
request_digest = hmac.new(self.key, request_digest, self.hashmod).hexdigest().lower()
|
|
headers['Authorization'] = 'HMACDigest username="%s", realm="%s", snonce="%s", cnonce="%s", uri="%s", created="%s", response="%s", headers="%s"' % (
|
|
self.credentials[0],
|
|
self.challenge['realm'],
|
|
self.challenge['snonce'],
|
|
cnonce,
|
|
request_uri,
|
|
created,
|
|
request_digest,
|
|
keylist,
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def response(self, response, content):
|
|
challenge = _parse_www_authenticate(response, 'www-authenticate').get('hmacdigest', {})
|
|
if challenge.get('reason') in ['integrity', 'stale']:
|
|
return True
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
|
|
class WsseAuthentication(Authentication):
|
|
"""This is thinly tested and should not be relied upon.
|
|
At this time there isn't any third party server to test against.
|
|
Blogger and TypePad implemented this algorithm at one point
|
|
but Blogger has since switched to Basic over HTTPS and
|
|
TypePad has implemented it wrong, by never issuing a 401
|
|
challenge but instead requiring your client to telepathically know that
|
|
their endpoint is expecting WSSE profile="UsernameToken"."""
|
|
def __init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http):
|
|
Authentication.__init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http)
|
|
|
|
def request(self, method, request_uri, headers, content):
|
|
"""Modify the request headers to add the appropriate
|
|
Authorization header."""
|
|
headers['Authorization'] = 'WSSE profile="UsernameToken"'
|
|
iso_now = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ", time.gmtime())
|
|
cnonce = _cnonce()
|
|
password_digest = _wsse_username_token(cnonce, iso_now, self.credentials[1])
|
|
headers['X-WSSE'] = 'UsernameToken Username="%s", PasswordDigest="%s", Nonce="%s", Created="%s"' % (
|
|
self.credentials[0],
|
|
password_digest,
|
|
cnonce,
|
|
iso_now)
|
|
|
|
class GoogleLoginAuthentication(Authentication):
|
|
def __init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http):
|
|
from urllib import urlencode
|
|
Authentication.__init__(self, credentials, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, http)
|
|
challenge = _parse_www_authenticate(response, 'www-authenticate')
|
|
service = challenge['googlelogin'].get('service', 'xapi')
|
|
# Bloggger actually returns the service in the challenge
|
|
# For the rest we guess based on the URI
|
|
if service == 'xapi' and request_uri.find("calendar") > 0:
|
|
service = "cl"
|
|
# No point in guessing Base or Spreadsheet
|
|
#elif request_uri.find("spreadsheets") > 0:
|
|
# service = "wise"
|
|
|
|
auth = dict(Email=credentials[0], Passwd=credentials[1], service=service, source=headers['user-agent'])
|
|
resp, content = self.http.request("https://www.google.com/accounts/ClientLogin", method="POST", body=urlencode(auth), headers={'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'})
|
|
lines = content.split('\n')
|
|
d = dict([tuple(line.split("=", 1)) for line in lines if line])
|
|
if resp.status == 403:
|
|
self.Auth = ""
|
|
else:
|
|
self.Auth = d['Auth']
|
|
|
|
def request(self, method, request_uri, headers, content):
|
|
"""Modify the request headers to add the appropriate
|
|
Authorization header."""
|
|
headers['authorization'] = 'GoogleLogin Auth=' + self.Auth
|
|
|
|
|
|
AUTH_SCHEME_CLASSES = {
|
|
"basic": BasicAuthentication,
|
|
"wsse": WsseAuthentication,
|
|
"digest": DigestAuthentication,
|
|
"hmacdigest": HmacDigestAuthentication,
|
|
"googlelogin": GoogleLoginAuthentication
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
AUTH_SCHEME_ORDER = ["hmacdigest", "googlelogin", "digest", "wsse", "basic"]
|
|
|
|
class FileCache(object):
|
|
"""Uses a local directory as a store for cached files.
|
|
Not really safe to use if multiple threads or processes are going to
|
|
be running on the same cache.
|
|
"""
|
|
def __init__(self, cache, safe=safename): # use safe=lambda x: md5.new(x).hexdigest() for the old behavior
|
|
self.cache = cache
|
|
self.safe = safe
|
|
if not os.path.exists(cache):
|
|
os.makedirs(self.cache)
|
|
|
|
def get(self, key):
|
|
retval = None
|
|
cacheFullPath = os.path.join(self.cache, self.safe(key))
|
|
try:
|
|
f = file(cacheFullPath, "rb")
|
|
retval = f.read()
|
|
f.close()
|
|
except IOError:
|
|
pass
|
|
return retval
|
|
|
|
def set(self, key, value):
|
|
cacheFullPath = os.path.join(self.cache, self.safe(key))
|
|
f = file(cacheFullPath, "wb")
|
|
f.write(value)
|
|
f.close()
|
|
|
|
def delete(self, key):
|
|
cacheFullPath = os.path.join(self.cache, self.safe(key))
|
|
if os.path.exists(cacheFullPath):
|
|
os.remove(cacheFullPath)
|
|
|
|
class Credentials(object):
|
|
def __init__(self):
|
|
self.credentials = []
|
|
|
|
def add(self, name, password, domain=""):
|
|
self.credentials.append((domain.lower(), name, password))
|
|
|
|
def clear(self):
|
|
self.credentials = []
|
|
|
|
def iter(self, domain):
|
|
for (cdomain, name, password) in self.credentials:
|
|
if cdomain == "" or domain == cdomain:
|
|
yield (name, password)
|
|
|
|
class KeyCerts(Credentials):
|
|
"""Identical to Credentials except that
|
|
name/password are mapped to key/cert."""
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
|
|
class ProxyInfo(object):
|
|
"""Collect information required to use a proxy."""
|
|
def __init__(self, proxy_type, proxy_host, proxy_port, proxy_rdns=None, proxy_user=None, proxy_pass=None):
|
|
"""The parameter proxy_type must be set to one of socks.PROXY_TYPE_XXX
|
|
constants. For example:
|
|
|
|
p = ProxyInfo(proxy_type=socks.PROXY_TYPE_HTTP, proxy_host='localhost', proxy_port=8000)
|
|
"""
|
|
self.proxy_type, self.proxy_host, self.proxy_port, self.proxy_rdns, self.proxy_user, self.proxy_pass = proxy_type, proxy_host, proxy_port, proxy_rdns, proxy_user, proxy_pass
|
|
|
|
def astuple(self):
|
|
return (self.proxy_type, self.proxy_host, self.proxy_port, self.proxy_rdns,
|
|
self.proxy_user, self.proxy_pass)
|
|
|
|
def isgood(self):
|
|
return (self.proxy_host != None) and (self.proxy_port != None)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class HTTPConnectionWithTimeout(httplib.HTTPConnection):
|
|
"""HTTPConnection subclass that supports timeouts"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, host, port=None, strict=None, timeout=None, proxy_info=None):
|
|
httplib.HTTPConnection.__init__(self, host, port, strict)
|
|
self.timeout = timeout
|
|
self.proxy_info = proxy_info
|
|
|
|
def connect(self):
|
|
"""Connect to the host and port specified in __init__."""
|
|
# Mostly verbatim from httplib.py.
|
|
msg = "getaddrinfo returns an empty list"
|
|
for res in socket.getaddrinfo(self.host, self.port, 0,
|
|
socket.SOCK_STREAM):
|
|
af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res
|
|
try:
|
|
if self.proxy_info and self.proxy_info.isgood():
|
|
self.sock = socks.socksocket(af, socktype, proto)
|
|
self.sock.setproxy(*self.proxy_info.astuple())
|
|
else:
|
|
self.sock = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)
|
|
self.sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
|
|
# Different from httplib: support timeouts.
|
|
if has_timeout(self.timeout):
|
|
self.sock.settimeout(self.timeout)
|
|
# End of difference from httplib.
|
|
if self.debuglevel > 0:
|
|
print "connect: (%s, %s)" % (self.host, self.port)
|
|
|
|
self.sock.connect(sa)
|
|
except socket.error, msg:
|
|
if self.debuglevel > 0:
|
|
print 'connect fail:', (self.host, self.port)
|
|
if self.sock:
|
|
self.sock.close()
|
|
self.sock = None
|
|
continue
|
|
break
|
|
if not self.sock:
|
|
raise socket.error, msg
|
|
|
|
class HTTPSConnectionWithTimeout(httplib.HTTPSConnection):
|
|
"This class allows communication via SSL."
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, host, port=None, key_file=None, cert_file=None,
|
|
strict=None, timeout=None, proxy_info=None):
|
|
httplib.HTTPSConnection.__init__(self, host, port=port, key_file=key_file,
|
|
cert_file=cert_file, strict=strict)
|
|
self.timeout = timeout
|
|
self.proxy_info = proxy_info
|
|
|
|
def connect(self):
|
|
"Connect to a host on a given (SSL) port."
|
|
|
|
if self.proxy_info and self.proxy_info.isgood():
|
|
sock = socks.socksocket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
|
|
sock.setproxy(*self.proxy_info.astuple())
|
|
else:
|
|
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
|
|
sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
|
|
|
|
if has_timeout(self.timeout):
|
|
sock.settimeout(self.timeout)
|
|
sock.connect((self.host, self.port))
|
|
self.sock =_ssl_wrap_socket(sock, self.key_file, self.cert_file)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Http(object):
|
|
"""An HTTP client that handles:
|
|
- all methods
|
|
- caching
|
|
- ETags
|
|
- compression,
|
|
- HTTPS
|
|
- Basic
|
|
- Digest
|
|
- WSSE
|
|
|
|
and more.
|
|
"""
|
|
def __init__(self, cache=None, timeout=None, proxy_info=None):
|
|
"""The value of proxy_info is a ProxyInfo instance.
|
|
|
|
If 'cache' is a string then it is used as a directory name
|
|
for a disk cache. Otherwise it must be an object that supports
|
|
the same interface as FileCache."""
|
|
self.proxy_info = proxy_info
|
|
# Map domain name to an httplib connection
|
|
self.connections = {}
|
|
# The location of the cache, for now a directory
|
|
# where cached responses are held.
|
|
if cache and isinstance(cache, str):
|
|
self.cache = FileCache(cache)
|
|
else:
|
|
self.cache = cache
|
|
|
|
# Name/password
|
|
self.credentials = Credentials()
|
|
|
|
# Key/cert
|
|
self.certificates = KeyCerts()
|
|
|
|
# authorization objects
|
|
self.authorizations = []
|
|
|
|
# If set to False then no redirects are followed, even safe ones.
|
|
self.follow_redirects = True
|
|
|
|
# Which HTTP methods do we apply optimistic concurrency to, i.e.
|
|
# which methods get an "if-match:" etag header added to them.
|
|
self.optimistic_concurrency_methods = ["PUT"]
|
|
|
|
# If 'follow_redirects' is True, and this is set to True then
|
|
# all redirecs are followed, including unsafe ones.
|
|
self.follow_all_redirects = False
|
|
|
|
self.ignore_etag = False
|
|
|
|
self.force_exception_to_status_code = False
|
|
|
|
self.timeout = timeout
|
|
|
|
def _auth_from_challenge(self, host, request_uri, headers, response, content):
|
|
"""A generator that creates Authorization objects
|
|
that can be applied to requests.
|
|
"""
|
|
challenges = _parse_www_authenticate(response, 'www-authenticate')
|
|
for cred in self.credentials.iter(host):
|
|
for scheme in AUTH_SCHEME_ORDER:
|
|
if challenges.has_key(scheme):
|
|
yield AUTH_SCHEME_CLASSES[scheme](cred, host, request_uri, headers, response, content, self)
|
|
|
|
def add_credentials(self, name, password, domain=""):
|
|
"""Add a name and password that will be used
|
|
any time a request requires authentication."""
|
|
self.credentials.add(name, password, domain)
|
|
|
|
def add_certificate(self, key, cert, domain):
|
|
"""Add a key and cert that will be used
|
|
any time a request requires authentication."""
|
|
self.certificates.add(key, cert, domain)
|
|
|
|
def clear_credentials(self):
|
|
"""Remove all the names and passwords
|
|
that are used for authentication"""
|
|
self.credentials.clear()
|
|
self.authorizations = []
|
|
|
|
def _conn_request(self, conn, request_uri, method, body, headers):
|
|
for i in range(2):
|
|
try:
|
|
conn.request(method, request_uri, body, headers)
|
|
except socket.gaierror:
|
|
conn.close()
|
|
raise ServerNotFoundError("Unable to find the server at %s" % conn.host)
|
|
except socket.error, e:
|
|
if e.errno == errno.ECONNREFUSED: # Connection refused
|
|
raise
|
|
except httplib.HTTPException:
|
|
# Just because the server closed the connection doesn't apparently mean
|
|
# that the server didn't send a response.
|
|
pass
|
|
try:
|
|
response = conn.getresponse()
|
|
except (socket.error, httplib.HTTPException):
|
|
if i == 0:
|
|
conn.close()
|
|
conn.connect()
|
|
continue
|
|
else:
|
|
raise
|
|
else:
|
|
content = ""
|
|
if method == "HEAD":
|
|
response.close()
|
|
else:
|
|
content = response.read()
|
|
response = Response(response)
|
|
if method != "HEAD":
|
|
content = _decompressContent(response, content)
|
|
break
|
|
return (response, content)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _request(self, conn, host, absolute_uri, request_uri, method, body, headers, redirections, cachekey):
|
|
"""Do the actual request using the connection object
|
|
and also follow one level of redirects if necessary"""
|
|
|
|
auths = [(auth.depth(request_uri), auth) for auth in self.authorizations if auth.inscope(host, request_uri)]
|
|
auth = auths and sorted(auths)[0][1] or None
|
|
if auth:
|
|
auth.request(method, request_uri, headers, body)
|
|
|
|
(response, content) = self._conn_request(conn, request_uri, method, body, headers)
|
|
|
|
if auth:
|
|
if auth.response(response, body):
|
|
auth.request(method, request_uri, headers, body)
|
|
(response, content) = self._conn_request(conn, request_uri, method, body, headers )
|
|
response._stale_digest = 1
|
|
|
|
if response.status == 401:
|
|
for authorization in self._auth_from_challenge(host, request_uri, headers, response, content):
|
|
authorization.request(method, request_uri, headers, body)
|
|
(response, content) = self._conn_request(conn, request_uri, method, body, headers, )
|
|
if response.status != 401:
|
|
self.authorizations.append(authorization)
|
|
authorization.response(response, body)
|
|
break
|
|
|
|
if (self.follow_all_redirects or (method in ["GET", "HEAD"]) or response.status == 303):
|
|
if self.follow_redirects and response.status in [300, 301, 302, 303, 307]:
|
|
# Pick out the location header and basically start from the beginning
|
|
# remembering first to strip the ETag header and decrement our 'depth'
|
|
if redirections:
|
|
if not response.has_key('location') and response.status != 300:
|
|
raise RedirectMissingLocation( _("Redirected but the response is missing a Location: header."), response, content)
|
|
# Fix-up relative redirects (which violate an RFC 2616 MUST)
|
|
if response.has_key('location'):
|
|
location = response['location']
|
|
(scheme, authority, path, query, fragment) = parse_uri(location)
|
|
if authority == None:
|
|
response['location'] = urlparse.urljoin(absolute_uri, location)
|
|
if response.status == 301 and method in ["GET", "HEAD"]:
|
|
response['-x-permanent-redirect-url'] = response['location']
|
|
if not response.has_key('content-location'):
|
|
response['content-location'] = absolute_uri
|
|
_updateCache(headers, response, content, self.cache, cachekey)
|
|
if headers.has_key('if-none-match'):
|
|
del headers['if-none-match']
|
|
if headers.has_key('if-modified-since'):
|
|
del headers['if-modified-since']
|
|
if response.has_key('location'):
|
|
location = response['location']
|
|
old_response = copy.deepcopy(response)
|
|
if not old_response.has_key('content-location'):
|
|
old_response['content-location'] = absolute_uri
|
|
redirect_method = ((response.status == 303) and (method not in ["GET", "HEAD"])) and "GET" or method
|
|
(response, content) = self.request(location, redirect_method, body=body, headers = headers, redirections = redirections - 1)
|
|
response.previous = old_response
|
|
else:
|
|
raise RedirectLimit( _("Redirected more times than rediection_limit allows."), response, content)
|
|
elif response.status in [200, 203] and method == "GET":
|
|
# Don't cache 206's since we aren't going to handle byte range requests
|
|
if not response.has_key('content-location'):
|
|
response['content-location'] = absolute_uri
|
|
_updateCache(headers, response, content, self.cache, cachekey)
|
|
|
|
return (response, content)
|
|
|
|
def _normalize_headers(self, headers):
|
|
return _normalize_headers(headers)
|
|
|
|
# Need to catch and rebrand some exceptions
|
|
# Then need to optionally turn all exceptions into status codes
|
|
# including all socket.* and httplib.* exceptions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
def request(self, uri, method="GET", body=None, headers=None, redirections=DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS, connection_type=None):
|
|
""" Performs a single HTTP request.
|
|
The 'uri' is the URI of the HTTP resource and can begin
|
|
with either 'http' or 'https'. The value of 'uri' must be an absolute URI.
|
|
|
|
The 'method' is the HTTP method to perform, such as GET, POST, DELETE, etc.
|
|
There is no restriction on the methods allowed.
|
|
|
|
The 'body' is the entity body to be sent with the request. It is a string
|
|
object.
|
|
|
|
Any extra headers that are to be sent with the request should be provided in the
|
|
'headers' dictionary.
|
|
|
|
The maximum number of redirect to follow before raising an
|
|
exception is 'redirections. The default is 5.
|
|
|
|
The return value is a tuple of (response, content), the first
|
|
being and instance of the 'Response' class, the second being
|
|
a string that contains the response entity body.
|
|
"""
|
|
try:
|
|
if headers is None:
|
|
headers = {}
|
|
else:
|
|
headers = self._normalize_headers(headers)
|
|
|
|
if not headers.has_key('user-agent'):
|
|
headers['user-agent'] = "Python-httplib2/%s" % __version__
|
|
|
|
uri = iri2uri(uri)
|
|
|
|
(scheme, authority, request_uri, defrag_uri) = urlnorm(uri)
|
|
domain_port = authority.split(":")[0:2]
|
|
if len(domain_port) == 2 and domain_port[1] == '443' and scheme == 'http':
|
|
scheme = 'https'
|
|
authority = domain_port[0]
|
|
|
|
conn_key = scheme+":"+authority
|
|
if conn_key in self.connections:
|
|
conn = self.connections[conn_key]
|
|
else:
|
|
if not connection_type:
|
|
connection_type = (scheme == 'https') and HTTPSConnectionWithTimeout or HTTPConnectionWithTimeout
|
|
certs = list(self.certificates.iter(authority))
|
|
if scheme == 'https' and certs:
|
|
conn = self.connections[conn_key] = connection_type(authority, key_file=certs[0][0],
|
|
cert_file=certs[0][1], timeout=self.timeout, proxy_info=self.proxy_info)
|
|
else:
|
|
conn = self.connections[conn_key] = connection_type(authority, timeout=self.timeout, proxy_info=self.proxy_info)
|
|
conn.set_debuglevel(debuglevel)
|
|
|
|
if method in ["GET", "HEAD"] and 'range' not in headers and 'accept-encoding' not in headers:
|
|
headers['accept-encoding'] = 'gzip, deflate'
|
|
|
|
info = email.Message.Message()
|
|
cached_value = None
|
|
if self.cache:
|
|
cachekey = defrag_uri
|
|
cached_value = self.cache.get(cachekey)
|
|
if cached_value:
|
|
# info = email.message_from_string(cached_value)
|
|
#
|
|
# Need to replace the line above with the kludge below
|
|
# to fix the non-existent bug not fixed in this
|
|
# bug report: http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-bugs-list/2005-September/030289.html
|
|
try:
|
|
info, content = cached_value.split('\r\n\r\n', 1)
|
|
feedparser = email.FeedParser.FeedParser()
|
|
feedparser.feed(info)
|
|
info = feedparser.close()
|
|
feedparser._parse = None
|
|
except IndexError:
|
|
self.cache.delete(cachekey)
|
|
cachekey = None
|
|
cached_value = None
|
|
else:
|
|
cachekey = None
|
|
|
|
if method in self.optimistic_concurrency_methods and self.cache and info.has_key('etag') and not self.ignore_etag and 'if-match' not in headers:
|
|
# http://www.w3.org/1999/04/Editing/
|
|
headers['if-match'] = info['etag']
|
|
|
|
if method not in ["GET", "HEAD"] and self.cache and cachekey:
|
|
# RFC 2616 Section 13.10
|
|
self.cache.delete(cachekey)
|
|
|
|
# Check the vary header in the cache to see if this request
|
|
# matches what varies in the cache.
|
|
if method in ['GET', 'HEAD'] and 'vary' in info:
|
|
vary = info['vary']
|
|
vary_headers = vary.lower().replace(' ', '').split(',')
|
|
for header in vary_headers:
|
|
key = '-varied-%s' % header
|
|
value = info[key]
|
|
if headers.get(header, None) != value:
|
|
cached_value = None
|
|
break
|
|
|
|
if cached_value and method in ["GET", "HEAD"] and self.cache and 'range' not in headers:
|
|
if info.has_key('-x-permanent-redirect-url'):
|
|
# Should cached permanent redirects be counted in our redirection count? For now, yes.
|
|
(response, new_content) = self.request(info['-x-permanent-redirect-url'], "GET", headers = headers, redirections = redirections - 1)
|
|
response.previous = Response(info)
|
|
response.previous.fromcache = True
|
|
else:
|
|
# Determine our course of action:
|
|
# Is the cached entry fresh or stale?
|
|
# Has the client requested a non-cached response?
|
|
#
|
|
# There seems to be three possible answers:
|
|
# 1. [FRESH] Return the cache entry w/o doing a GET
|
|
# 2. [STALE] Do the GET (but add in cache validators if available)
|
|
# 3. [TRANSPARENT] Do a GET w/o any cache validators (Cache-Control: no-cache) on the request
|
|
entry_disposition = _entry_disposition(info, headers)
|
|
|
|
if entry_disposition == "FRESH":
|
|
if not cached_value:
|
|
info['status'] = '504'
|
|
content = ""
|
|
response = Response(info)
|
|
if cached_value:
|
|
response.fromcache = True
|
|
return (response, content)
|
|
|
|
if entry_disposition == "STALE":
|
|
if info.has_key('etag') and not self.ignore_etag and not 'if-none-match' in headers:
|
|
headers['if-none-match'] = info['etag']
|
|
if info.has_key('last-modified') and not 'last-modified' in headers:
|
|
headers['if-modified-since'] = info['last-modified']
|
|
elif entry_disposition == "TRANSPARENT":
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
(response, new_content) = self._request(conn, authority, uri, request_uri, method, body, headers, redirections, cachekey)
|
|
|
|
if response.status == 304 and method == "GET":
|
|
# Rewrite the cache entry with the new end-to-end headers
|
|
# Take all headers that are in response
|
|
# and overwrite their values in info.
|
|
# unless they are hop-by-hop, or are listed in the connection header.
|
|
|
|
for key in _get_end2end_headers(response):
|
|
info[key] = response[key]
|
|
merged_response = Response(info)
|
|
if hasattr(response, "_stale_digest"):
|
|
merged_response._stale_digest = response._stale_digest
|
|
_updateCache(headers, merged_response, content, self.cache, cachekey)
|
|
response = merged_response
|
|
response.status = 200
|
|
response.fromcache = True
|
|
|
|
elif response.status == 200:
|
|
content = new_content
|
|
else:
|
|
self.cache.delete(cachekey)
|
|
content = new_content
|
|
else:
|
|
cc = _parse_cache_control(headers)
|
|
if cc.has_key('only-if-cached'):
|
|
info['status'] = '504'
|
|
response = Response(info)
|
|
content = ""
|
|
else:
|
|
(response, content) = self._request(conn, authority, uri, request_uri, method, body, headers, redirections, cachekey)
|
|
except Exception, e:
|
|
if self.force_exception_to_status_code:
|
|
if isinstance(e, HttpLib2ErrorWithResponse):
|
|
response = e.response
|
|
content = e.content
|
|
response.status = 500
|
|
response.reason = str(e)
|
|
elif isinstance(e, socket.timeout):
|
|
content = "Request Timeout"
|
|
response = Response( {
|
|
"content-type": "text/plain",
|
|
"status": "408",
|
|
"content-length": len(content)
|
|
})
|
|
response.reason = "Request Timeout"
|
|
else:
|
|
content = str(e)
|
|
response = Response( {
|
|
"content-type": "text/plain",
|
|
"status": "400",
|
|
"content-length": len(content)
|
|
})
|
|
response.reason = "Bad Request"
|
|
else:
|
|
raise
|
|
|
|
|
|
return (response, content)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Response(dict):
|
|
"""An object more like email.Message than httplib.HTTPResponse."""
|
|
|
|
"""Is this response from our local cache"""
|
|
fromcache = False
|
|
|
|
"""HTTP protocol version used by server. 10 for HTTP/1.0, 11 for HTTP/1.1. """
|
|
version = 11
|
|
|
|
"Status code returned by server. "
|
|
status = 200
|
|
|
|
"""Reason phrase returned by server."""
|
|
reason = "Ok"
|
|
|
|
previous = None
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, info):
|
|
# info is either an email.Message or
|
|
# an httplib.HTTPResponse object.
|
|
if isinstance(info, httplib.HTTPResponse):
|
|
for key, value in info.getheaders():
|
|
self[key.lower()] = value
|
|
self.status = info.status
|
|
self['status'] = str(self.status)
|
|
self.reason = info.reason
|
|
self.version = info.version
|
|
elif isinstance(info, email.Message.Message):
|
|
for key, value in info.items():
|
|
self[key] = value
|
|
self.status = int(self['status'])
|
|
else:
|
|
for key, value in info.iteritems():
|
|
self[key] = value
|
|
self.status = int(self.get('status', self.status))
|
|
|
|
|
|
def __getattr__(self, name):
|
|
if name == 'dict':
|
|
return self
|
|
else:
|
|
raise AttributeError, name
|