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Change-Id: I770d4cf38a21b79cfad00318d6336dd4d459500a
This commit is contained in:
Andreas Jaeger 2015-05-28 13:21:35 +02:00
parent 95daecaeef
commit 6683789a49
5 changed files with 58 additions and 48 deletions

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================================================
Configuring the Controller for high availability
================================================
The cloud controller runs on the management network and must talk to all other services.
The cloud controller runs on the management network and must talk to
all other services.

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@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
==========================
High availability concepts
==========================
@ -41,54 +40,57 @@ In order to eliminate SPOFs, check that mechanisms exist for redundancy of:
- Facility services such as power, air conditioning, and fire protection
Most high availability systems fail in the event of multiple independent
(non-consequential) failures.
In this case, most implementations favor protecting data over maintaining availability.
Most high availability systems fail in the event of multiple
independent (non-consequential) failures. In this case, most
implementations favor protecting data over maintaining availability.
High-availability systems typically achieve an uptime percentage of 99.99% or more,
which roughly equates to less than an hour of cumulative downtime per year.
In order to achieve this, high availability systems
should keep recovery times after a failure to about one to two minutes,
sometimes significantly less.
High-availability systems typically achieve an uptime percentage of
99.99% or more, which roughly equates to less than an hour of
cumulative downtime per year. In order to achieve this, high
availability systems should keep recovery times after a failure to
about one to two minutes, sometimes significantly less.
OpenStack currently meets such availability requirements for its own infrastructure services,
meaning that an uptime of 99.99% is feasible for the OpenStack infrastructure proper.
However, OpenStack does not guarantee 99.99% availability for individual guest instances.
OpenStack currently meets such availability requirements for its own
infrastructure services, meaning that an uptime of 99.99% is feasible
for the OpenStack infrastructure proper. However, OpenStack does not
guarantee 99.99% availability for individual guest instances.
This document discusses some common methods of implementing highly available systems,
with an emphasis on the core OpenStack services
and other open source services that are closely aligned with OpenStack.
This document discusses some common methods of implementing highly
available systems, with an emphasis on the core OpenStack services and
other open source services that are closely aligned with OpenStack.
These methods are by no means the only ways to do it;
you may supplement these services with commercial hardware and software
that provides additional features and functionality.
You also need to address high availability concerns
for any applications software that you run on your OpenStack environment.
The important thing is to make sure that your services are redundant and available;
how you achieve that is up to you.
The important thing is to make sure that your services are redundant
and available; how you achieve that is up to you.
Stateless vs. stateful services
-------------------------------
Preventing single points of failure can depend on whether or not a service is stateless.
Preventing single points of failure can depend on whether or not a
service is stateless.
Stateless service
A service that provides a response after your request
and then requires no further attention.
To make a stateless service highly available,
you need to provide redundant instances and load balance them.
OpenStack services that are stateless include ``nova-api``, ``nova-conductor``,
``glance-api``, ``keystone-api``, ``neutron-api`` and ``nova-scheduler``.
OpenStack services that are stateless include ``nova-api``,
``nova-conductor``, ``glance-api``, ``keystone-api``,
``neutron-api`` and ``nova-scheduler``.
Stateful service
A service where subsequent requests to the service
depend on the results of the first request.
Stateful services are more difficult to manage
because a single action typically involves more than one request,
so simply providing additional instances and load balancing does not solve the problem.
For example, if the horizon user interface reset itself every time you went to a new page,
it would not be very useful.
OpenStack services that are stateful include the OpenStack database and message queue.
Stateful services are more difficult to manage because a single
action typically involves more than one request, so simply providing
additional instances and load balancing does not solve the problem.
For example, if the horizon user interface reset itself every time
you went to a new page, it would not be very useful.
OpenStack services that are stateful include the OpenStack database
and message queue.
Making stateful services highly available can depend on whether you choose
an active/passive or active/active configuration.
@ -106,26 +108,29 @@ Stateful services may be configured as active/passive or active/active:
A typical active/passive installation for a stateful service maintains
a replacement resource that can be brought online when required.
Requests are handled using a :term:`virtual IP` address (VIP) that facilitates
returning to service with minimal reconfiguration.
A separate application (such as Pacemaker or Corosync) monitors these services,
bringing the backup online as necessary.
Requests are handled using a :term:`virtual IP` address (VIP) that
facilitates returning to service with minimal reconfiguration.
A separate application (such as Pacemaker or Corosync) monitors
these services, bringing the backup online as necessary.
:term:`active/passive configuration`
Each service also has a backup but manages both the main and redundant systems concurrently.
Each service also has a backup but manages both the main and
redundant systems concurrently.
This way, if there is a failure, the user is unlikely to notice.
The backup system is already online and takes on increased load
while the main system is fixed and brought back online.
Typically, an active/active installation for a stateless service maintains a redundant instance,
and requests are load balanced using a virtual IP address and a load balancer such as HAProxy.
Typically, an active/active installation for a stateless service
maintains a redundant instance, and requests are load balanced using
a virtual IP address and a load balancer such as HAProxy.
A typical active/active installation for a stateful service
includes redundant services, with all instances having an identical state.
In other words, updates to one instance of a database update all other instances.
This way a request to one instance is the same as a request to any other.
A load balancer manages the traffic to these systems,
ensuring that operational systems always handle the request.
A typical active/active installation for a stateful service includes
redundant services, with all instances having an identical state. In
other words, updates to one instance of a database update all other
instances. This way a request to one instance is the same as a
request to any other. A load balancer manages the traffic to these
systems, ensuring that operational systems always handle the
request.
Clusters and quorums
--------------------
@ -138,10 +143,11 @@ the system must ensure that data and processes remain sane.
To determine this, the contents of the remaining nodes are compared
and, if there are discrepancies, a "majority rules" algorithm is implemented.
For this reason, each cluster in a high availability environment
must have an odd number of nodes and the quorum must specify an odd number of nodes.
If multiple nodes fail so that the cluster size falls below the quorum value,
the cluster itself fails.
For this reason, each cluster in a high availability environment must
have an odd number of nodes and the quorum must specify an odd number
of nodes.
If multiple nodes fail so that the cluster size falls below the quorum
value, the cluster itself fails.
For example, in a 7-node cluster, the quorum could be set to 5 or 3.
If quorum is 5 and three nodes fail simultaneously,

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=====================================
Overview of high availability storage
=====================================
Making the Block Storage (cinder) API service highly available in
active/passive mode involves:
@ -9,4 +9,4 @@ active/passive mode involves:
* Managing the Block Storage API daemon with the Pacemaker cluster manager
* Configuring OpenStack services to use this IP address
* Configuring OpenStack services to use this IP address

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@ -6,3 +6,4 @@ openstack-doc-tools>=0.23
sphinx>=1.1.2,!=1.2.0,!=1.3b1,<1.3
openstackdocstheme>=1.0.3
doc8 # Apache-2.0

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@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ commands = openstack-doc-test --check-links {posargs}
[testenv:checkniceness]
commands =
openstack-doc-test --check-niceness {posargs}
doc8 doc
[testenv:checksyntax]
commands =
@ -84,6 +85,6 @@ commands =
[doc8]
# Settings for doc8:
# Ignore target directories
ignore_path = doc/*/target
ignore-path = doc/*/target,doc/ha-guide/source/imported
# File extensions to use
extensions = .rst,.txt