.. _architecture:

===================
System Architecture
===================

High Level description
======================

An Ironic deployment will be composed of the following components:

- An admin-only RESTful `API service`_, by which privileged users, such as
  cloud operators and other services within the cloud control plane, may
  interact with the managed bare metal servers.
- A `Conductor service`_, which does the bulk of the work. Functionality is
  exposed via the `API service`_.  The Conductor and API services communicate via
  RPC.
- A Database and `DB API`_ for storing the state of the Conductor and Drivers.
- A Deployment Ramdisk or Deployment Agent, which provide control over the
  hardware which is not available remotely to the Conductor.  A ramdisk should be
  built which contains one of these agents, eg. with `diskimage-builder`_.
  This ramdisk can be booted on-demand.

  .. note:: The agent is never run inside a tenant instance.

.. _`architecture_drivers`:

Drivers
=======

The internal driver API provides a consistent interface between the
Conductor service and the driver implementations. A driver is defined by
a class inheriting from the `BaseDriver`_ class, defining certain interfaces;
each interface is an instance of the relevant driver module.

For example, a fake driver class might look like this::

    class FakePower(base.PowerInterface):
        def get_properties(self):
            return {}

        def validate(self, task):
            pass

        def get_power_state(self, task):
            return states.NOSTATE

        def set_power_state(self, task, power_state):
            pass

        def reboot(self, task):
            pass

    class FakeDriver(base.BaseDriver):
        def __init__(self):
            self.power = FakePower()


There are three categories of driver interfaces:

- `Core` interfaces provide the essential functionality for Ironic within
  OpenStack, and may be depended upon by other services. All drivers
  must implement these interfaces. The Core interfaces are `power` and `deploy`.
- `Standard` interfaces provide functionality beyond the needs of OpenStack,
  but which have been standardized across all drivers and becomes part of
  Ironic's API.  If a driver implements this interface, it must adhere to the
  standard. This is presented to encourage vendors to work together with the
  Ironic project and implement common features in a consistent way, thus
  reducing the burden on consumers of the API. The Standard interfaces are
  `management`, `console`, `boot`, `inspect`, and `raid`.
- The `Vendor` interface allows an exemption to the API contract when a vendor
  wishes to expose unique functionality provided by their hardware and is
  unable to do so within the `Core` or `Standard` interfaces. In this case,
  Ironic will merely relay the message from the API service to the appropriate
  driver.

Driver-Specific Periodic Tasks
------------------------------

Drivers may run their own periodic tasks, i.e. actions run repeatedly after
a certain amount of time. Such a task is created by using the periodic_
decorator on an interface method. For example

::

    from futurist import periodics

    class FakePower(base.PowerInterface):
        @periodics.periodic(spacing=42)
        def task(self, manager, context):
            pass  # do something


Here the ``spacing`` argument is a period in seconds for a given periodic task.
For example 'spacing=5' means every 5 seconds.


Message Routing
===============

Each Conductor registers itself in the database upon start-up, and periodically
updates the timestamp of its record. Contained within this registration is a
list of the drivers which this Conductor instance supports.  This allows all
services to maintain a consistent view of which Conductors and which drivers
are available at all times.

Based on their respective driver, all nodes are mapped across the set of
available Conductors using a `consistent hashing algorithm`_. Node-specific
tasks are dispatched from the API tier to the appropriate conductor using
conductor-specific RPC channels.  As Conductor instances join or leave the
cluster, nodes may be remapped to different Conductors, thus triggering various
driver actions such as take-over or clean-up.


.. _API service: webapi.html
.. _BaseDriver: api/ironic.drivers.base.html#ironic.drivers.base.BaseDriver
.. _Conductor service: api/ironic.conductor.manager.html
.. _DB API: api/ironic.db.api.html
.. _diskimage-builder: https://docs.openstack.org/diskimage-builder/latest/
.. _consistent hashing algorithm: https://docs.openstack.org/tooz/latest/user/tutorial/hashring.html
.. _periodic: https://docs.openstack.org/futurist/latest/reference/index.html#futurist.periodics.periodic