Move docs from key_terms to architecture
there is a lot of overlap between the two docs, let's have a single doc instead. also clean up the references to modules as they have bitrotted. Change-Id: I05d30fa51052b875b1de94c4152036b1d0768793
This commit is contained in:
Steve Martinelli
parent
0a9051bcc1
commit
4c5b15e3db
@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
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License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
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under the License.
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=====================
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Keystone Architecture
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=====================
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@ -21,9 +22,8 @@ Much of the design is precipitated from the expectation that the auth backends
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for most deployments will actually be shims in front of existing user systems.
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------------
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The Services
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------------
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Services
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========
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Keystone is organized as a group of internal services exposed on one or many
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endpoints. Many of these services are used in a combined fashion by the
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@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ token with the Token service.
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Identity
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--------
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The Identity service provides auth credential validation and data about users
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and groups.
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The Identity service provides auth credential validation and data about `users`
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and `groups`.
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In the basic case all this data is managed by the service, allowing the service
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to manage all the CRUD associated with the data.
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@ -45,24 +45,77 @@ In other cases, data is managed from an authoritative backend service. An
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example of this would be when backending on LDAP. The LDAP backend utilizes
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the LDAP server as the source for user and group data.
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Users
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^^^^^
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``Users`` represent an individual API consumer. A user itself must be owned by
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a specific domain, and hence all user names are **not** globally unique, but
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only unique to their domain.
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Groups
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^^^^^^
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``Groups`` are a container representing a collection of users. A group itself
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must be owned by a specific domain, and hence all group names are **not**
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globally unique, but only unique to their domain.
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Resource
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--------
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The Resource service provides data about projects and domains.
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The Resource service provides data about `projects` and `domains`.
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Like the Identity service, this data may either be managed directly by the
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service or be pulled from a custom authoritative backend service.
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Projects (Tenants)
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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``Projects`` (known as ``Tenants`` in v2.0) represent the base unit of
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``ownership`` in OpenStack, in that all resources in OpenStack should be owned
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by a specific project.
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A project itself must be owned by a specific domain, and hence all project
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names are **not** globally unique, but unique to their domain.
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If the domain for a project is not specified, then it is added to the default
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domain.
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Domains
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^^^^^^^
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``Domains`` are a high-level container for projects, users and groups. Each is
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owned by exactly one domain. Each domain defines a namespace where an
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API-visible name attribute exists. keystone provides a default domain, aptly
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named 'Default'.
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In the Identity v3 API, the uniqueness of attributes is as follows:
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- Domain Name. Globally unique across all domains.
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- Role Name. Globally unique across all domains.
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- User Name. Unique within the owning domain.
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- Project Name. Unique within the owning domain.
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- Group Name. Unique within the owning domain.
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Due to their container architecture, domains may be used as a way to delegate
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management of OpenStack resources. A user in a domain may still access
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resources in another domain, if an appropriate assignment is granted.
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Assignment
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----------
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The Assignment service provides data about roles and role assignments to the
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entities managed by the Identity and Resource services. Again, like these two
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services, this data may either be managed directly by the Assignment service
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or be pulled from a custom authoritative backend service.
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The Assignment service provides data about `roles` and `role assignments`.
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Roles
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^^^^^
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``Roles`` dictate the level of authorization the end user can obtain. Roles
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can be granted at either the domain or project level. Role can be assigned to
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the individual user or at the group level. Role names are globally unique.
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Role Assignments
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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A 3-tuple that has a ``Role``, a ``Resource`` and an ``Identity``.
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Token
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-----
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@ -84,9 +137,8 @@ The Policy service provides a rule-based authorization engine and the
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associated rule management interface.
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------------------------
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Application Construction
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------------------------
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========================
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Keystone is an HTTP front-end to several services. Like other OpenStack
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applications, this is done using python WSGI interfaces and applications are
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@ -96,8 +148,8 @@ of pipelines of WSGI middleware, such as:
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.. code-block:: ini
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[pipeline:api_v3]
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pipeline = sizelimit url_normalize build_auth_context token_auth admin_token_auth
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json_body ec2_extension_v3 s3_extension service_v3
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pipeline = healthcheck cors sizelimit http_proxy_to_wsgi osprofiler url_normalize request_id build_auth_context token_auth json_body ec2_extension_v3 s3_extension service_v3
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These in turn use a subclass of :mod:`keystone.common.wsgi.ComposingRouter` to
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link URLs to controllers (a subclass of
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@ -109,6 +161,7 @@ on the keystone configuration.
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* Assignment
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* :mod:`keystone.assignment.controllers.GrantAssignmentV3`
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* :mod:`keystone.assignment.controllers.ImpliedRolesV3`
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* :mod:`keystone.assignment.controllers.ProjectAssignmentV3`
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* :mod:`keystone.assignment.controllers.TenantAssignment`
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* :mod:`keystone.assignment.controllers.Role`
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@ -122,10 +175,26 @@ on the keystone configuration.
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* Catalog
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* :mod:`keystone.catalog.controllers.EndpointFilterV3Controller`
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* :mod:`keystone.catalog.controllers.EndpointGroupV3Controller`
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* :mod:`keystone.catalog.controllers.EndpointV3`
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* :mod:`keystone.catalog.controllers.ProjectEndpointGroupV3Controller`
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* :mod:`keystone.catalog.controllers.RegionV3`
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* :mod:`keystone.catalog.controllers.ServiceV3`
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* Credentials
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* :mod:`keystone.contrib.ec2.controllers.Ec2ControllerV3`
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* :mod:`keystone.credential.controllers.CredentialV3`
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* Federation
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* :mod:`keystone.federation.controllers.IdentityProvider`
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* :mod:`keystone.federation.controllers.FederationProtocol`
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* :mod:`keystone.federation.controllers.MappingController`
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* :mod:`keystone.federation.controllers.ServiceProvider`
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* :mod:`keystone.federation.controllers.SAMLMetadataV3`
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* Identity
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* :mod:`keystone.identity.controllers.GroupV3`
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@ -138,19 +207,22 @@ on the keystone configuration.
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* Resource
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* :mod:`keystone.resource.controllers.DomainV3`
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* :mod:`keystone.resource.controllers.DomainConfigV3`
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* :mod:`keystone.resource.controllers.ProjectV3`
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* Token
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* Revoke
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* :mod:`keystone.token.controllers.Auth`
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* :mod:`keystone.revoke.controllers.RevokeController`
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* Trust
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* :mod:`keystone.trust.controllers.TrustV3`
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.. _Paste: http://pythonpaste.org/
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----------------
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Service Backends
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----------------
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================
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Each of the services can be configured to use a backend to allow keystone to
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fit a variety of environments and needs. The backend for each service is
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@ -162,21 +234,23 @@ for any implementations, identifying the expected service implementations. The
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abstract base classes are stored in the service's backends directory as
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``base.py``. The corresponding drivers for the services are:
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* :mod:`keystone.assignment.backends.base.AssignmentDriver`
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* :mod:`keystone.assignment.backends.base.RoleDriver`
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* :mod:`keystone.catalog.backends.base.CatalogDriver`
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* :mod:`keystone.credential.backends.base.CredentialDriver`
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* :mod:`keystone.endpoint_policy.backends.base.EndpointPolicyDriver`
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* :mod:`keystone.federation.backends.base.FederationDriver`
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* :mod:`keystone.identity.backends.base.IdentityDriver`
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* :mod:`keystone.identity.backends.base.MappingDriver`
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* :mod:`keystone.oauth1.backends.base.Oauth1Driver`
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* :mod:`keystone.policy.backends.base.PolicyDriver`
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* :mod:`keystone.resource.backends.base.DomainConfigDriver`
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* :mod:`keystone.resource.backends.base.ResourceDriver`
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* :mod:`keystone.revoke.backends.base.RevokeDriver`
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* :mod:`keystone.assignment.backends.base.AssignmentDriverBase`
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* :mod:`keystone.assignment.role_backends.base.RoleDriverBase`
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* :mod:`keystone.auth.plugins.base.AuthMethodHandler`
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* :mod:`keystone.catalog.backends.base.CatalogDriverBase`
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* :mod:`keystone.credential.backends.base.CredentialDriverBase`
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* :mod:`keystone.endpoint_policy.backends.base.EndpointPolicyDriverBase`
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* :mod:`keystone.federation.backends.base.FederationDriverBase`
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* :mod:`keystone.identity.backends.base.IdentityDriverBase`
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* :mod:`keystone.identity.mapping_backends.base.MappingDriverBase`
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* :mod:`keystone.identity.shadow_backends.base.ShadowUsersDriverBase`
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* :mod:`keystone.oauth1.backends.base.Oauth1DriverBase`
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* :mod:`keystone.policy.backends.base.PolicyDriverBase`
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* :mod:`keystone.resource.backends.base.ResourceDriverBase`
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* :mod:`keystone.resource.config_backends.base.DomainConfigDriverBase`
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* :mod:`keystone.revoke.backends.base.RevokeDriverBase`
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* :mod:`keystone.token.providers.base.Provider`
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* :mod:`keystone.trust.backends.base.TrustDriver`
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* :mod:`keystone.trust.backends.base.TrustDriverBase`
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If you implement a backend driver for one of the keystone services, you're
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expected to subclass from these classes.
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@ -190,18 +264,19 @@ project, a catalog backend that simply expands pre-configured templates to
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provide catalog data.
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Example paste.deploy config (uses $ instead of % to avoid ConfigParser's
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interpolation)::
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interpolation)
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[DEFAULT]
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catalog.RegionOne.identity.publicURL = http://localhost:$(public_port)s/v2.0
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catalog.RegionOne.identity.adminURL = http://localhost:$(public_port)s/v2.0
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catalog.RegionOne.identity.internalURL = http://localhost:$(public_port)s/v2.0
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catalog.RegionOne.identity.name = 'Identity Service'
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.. code-block:: ini
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[DEFAULT]
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catalog.RegionOne.identity.publicURL = http://localhost:$(public_port)s/v2.0
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catalog.RegionOne.identity.adminURL = http://localhost:$(public_port)s/v2.0
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catalog.RegionOne.identity.internalURL = http://localhost:$(public_port)s/v2.0
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catalog.RegionOne.identity.name = 'Identity Service'
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----------
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Data Model
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----------
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==========
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Keystone was designed from the ground up to be amenable to multiple styles of
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backends and as such many of the methods and data types will happily accept
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@ -223,9 +298,8 @@ and groups to projects and domains; the actual backend implementations take
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varying levels of advantage of that functionality.
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----------------
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Approach to CRUD
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----------------
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================
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While it is expected that any "real" deployment at a large company will manage
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their users and groups in their existing user systems, a variety of CRUD
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@ -237,9 +311,8 @@ backends for services that don't support the CRUD operations will raise a
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:mod:`keystone.exception.NotImplemented`.
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----------------------------------
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Approach to Authorization (Policy)
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----------------------------------
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==================================
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Various components in the system require that different actions are allowed
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based on whether the user is authorized to perform that action.
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@ -299,3 +372,116 @@ to which capabilities are allowed for that role. For example:
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In the backend this would look up the policy for 'action:nova:add_network' and
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then do what is effectively a 'Simple Match' style match against the credentials.
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Approach to Authentication
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==========================
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Keystone provides several authentication plugins that inherit from
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:mod:`keystone.auth.plugins.base`. The following is a list of available plugins.
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* :mod:`keystone.auth.plugins.external.Base`
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* :mod:`keystone.auth.plugins.mapped.Mapped`
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* :mod:`keystone.auth.plugins.oauth1.OAuth`
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* :mod:`keystone.auth.plugins.password.Password`
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* :mod:`keystone.auth.plugins.token.Token`
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* :mod:`keystone.auth.plugins.totp.TOTP`
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In the most basic plugin ``password``, two pieces of information are required
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to authenticate with keystone, a bit of ``Resource`` information and a bit of
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``Identity``.
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Take the following call POST data for instance:
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.. code-block:: javascript
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{
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"auth": {
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"identity": {
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"methods": [
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"password"
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],
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"password": {
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"user": {
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"id": "0ca8f6",
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"password": "secretsecret"
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}
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}
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},
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"scope": {
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"project": {
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"id": "263fd9"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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The user (ID of 0ca8f6) is attempting to retrieve a token that is scoped to
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project (ID of 263fd9).
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To perform the same call with names instead of IDs, we now need to supply
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information about the domain. This is because usernames are only unique within
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a given domain, but user IDs are supposed to be unique across the deployment.
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Thus, the auth request looks like the following:
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.. code-block:: javascript
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{
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"auth": {
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"identity": {
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"methods": [
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"password"
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],
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"password": {
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"user": {
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"domain": {
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"name": "acme"
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}
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"name": "userA",
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"password": "secretsecret"
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}
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}
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},
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"scope": {
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"project": {
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"domain": {
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"id": "1789d1"
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},
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"name": "project-x"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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For both the user and the project portion, we must supply either a domain ID
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or a domain name, in order to properly determine the correct user and project.
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Alternatively, if we wanted to represent this as environment variables for a
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command line, it would be:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_ID=1789d1
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$ export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=acme
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$ export OS_USERNAME=userA
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$ export OS_PASSWORD=secretsecret
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$ export OS_PROJECT_NAME=project-x
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Note that the project the user it attempting to access must be in the same
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domain as the user.
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What is Scope?
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--------------
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Scope is an overloaded term.
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In reference to authenticating, as seen above, scope refers to the portion
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of the POST data that dictates what ``Resource`` (project or domain) the user
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wants to access.
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In reference to tokens, scope refers to the effectiveness of a token,
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i.e.: a `project-scoped` token is only useful on the project it was initially
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granted for. A `domain-scoped` token may be used to perform domain-related
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function.
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In reference to users, groups, and projects, scope often refers to the domain
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that the entity is owned by. i.e.: a user in domain X is scoped to domain X.
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@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ Getting Started
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upgrading
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performance
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apache-httpd
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architecture
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policy_mapping
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extensions
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key_terms
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community
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Configuration
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@ -90,7 +90,6 @@ Developers Documentation
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devref/development.environment
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developing
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developing_drivers
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architecture
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api_change_tutorial
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middlewarearchitecture
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http-api
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@ -1,185 +0,0 @@
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||||
=========
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Key Terms
|
||||
=========
|
||||
|
||||
This document describes the different resource types that are available in
|
||||
OpenStack's Identity Service.
|
||||
|
||||
Identity
|
||||
========
|
||||
|
||||
The Identity portion of keystone includes ``Users`` and ``Groups``, and may be
|
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backed by SQL or more commonly LDAP.
|
||||
|
||||
Users
|
||||
-----
|
||||
|
||||
``Users`` represent an individual API consumer. A user itself must be owned by
|
||||
a specific domain, and hence all user names are **not** globally unique, but
|
||||
only unique to their domain.
|
||||
|
||||
Groups
|
||||
------
|
||||
|
||||
``Groups`` are a container representing a collection of users. A group itself
|
||||
must be owned by a specific domain, and hence all group names are **not**
|
||||
globally unique, but only unique to their domain.
|
||||
|
||||
Resources
|
||||
=========
|
||||
|
||||
The Resources portion of keystone includes ``Projects`` and ``Domains``, and
|
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are commonly stored in an SQL backend.
|
||||
|
||||
Projects (Tenants)
|
||||
------------------
|
||||
|
||||
``Projects`` (known as Tenants in v2.0) represent the base unit of
|
||||
``ownership`` in OpenStack, in that all resources in OpenStack should be owned
|
||||
by a specific project.
|
||||
A project itself must be owned by a specific domain, and hence all project
|
||||
names are **not** globally unique, but unique to their domain.
|
||||
If the domain for a project is not specified, then it is added to the default
|
||||
domain.
|
||||
|
||||
Domains
|
||||
-------
|
||||
|
||||
``Domains`` are a high-level container for projects, users and groups. Each is
|
||||
owned by exactly one domain. Each domain defines a namespace where an
|
||||
API-visible name attribute exists. keystone provides a default domain, aptly
|
||||
named 'Default'.
|
||||
|
||||
In the Identity v3 API, the uniqueness of attributes is as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
- Domain Name. Globally unique across all domains.
|
||||
|
||||
- Role Name. Globally unique across all domains.
|
||||
|
||||
- User Name. Unique within the owning domain.
|
||||
|
||||
- Project Name. Unique within the owning domain.
|
||||
|
||||
- Group Name. Unique within the owning domain.
|
||||
|
||||
Due to their container architecture, domains may be used as a way to delegate
|
||||
management of OpenStack resources. A user in a domain may still access
|
||||
resources in another domain, if an appropriate assignment is granted.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Assignment
|
||||
==========
|
||||
|
||||
Roles
|
||||
-----
|
||||
|
||||
``Roles`` dictate the level of authorization the end user can obtain. Roles
|
||||
can be granted at either the domain or project level. Role can be assigned to
|
||||
the individual user or at the group level. Role names are globally unique.
|
||||
|
||||
Role Assignments
|
||||
----------------
|
||||
|
||||
A 3-tuple that has a ``Role``, a ``Resource`` and an ``Identity``.
|
||||
|
||||
What's needed to Authenticate?
|
||||
==============================
|
||||
|
||||
Two pieces of information are required to authenticate with keystone, a
|
||||
bit of ``Resource`` information and a bit of ``Identity``.
|
||||
|
||||
Take the following call POST data for instance:
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: javascript
|
||||
|
||||
{
|
||||
"auth": {
|
||||
"identity": {
|
||||
"methods": [
|
||||
"password"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"password": {
|
||||
"user": {
|
||||
"id": "0ca8f6",
|
||||
"password": "secretsecret"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"scope": {
|
||||
"project": {
|
||||
"id": "263fd9"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
The user (ID of 0ca8f6) is attempting to retrieve a token that is scoped to
|
||||
project (ID of 263fd9).
|
||||
|
||||
To perform the same call with names instead of IDs, we now need to supply
|
||||
information about the domain. This is because usernames are only unique within
|
||||
a given domain, but user IDs are supposed to be unique across the deployment.
|
||||
Thus, the auth request looks like the following:
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: javascript
|
||||
|
||||
{
|
||||
"auth": {
|
||||
"identity": {
|
||||
"methods": [
|
||||
"password"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"password": {
|
||||
"user": {
|
||||
"domain": {
|
||||
"name": "acme"
|
||||
}
|
||||
"name": "userA",
|
||||
"password": "secretsecret"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"scope": {
|
||||
"project": {
|
||||
"domain": {
|
||||
"id": "1789d1"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"name": "project-x"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
For both the user and the project portion, we must supply either a domain ID
|
||||
or a domain name, in order to properly determine the correct user and project.
|
||||
|
||||
Alternatively, if we wanted to represent this as environment variables for a
|
||||
command line, it would be:
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: bash
|
||||
|
||||
$ export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_ID=1789d1
|
||||
$ export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=acme
|
||||
$ export OS_USERNAME=userA
|
||||
$ export OS_PASSWORD=secretsecret
|
||||
$ export OS_PROJECT_NAME=project-x
|
||||
|
||||
Note that the project the user it attempting to access must be in the same
|
||||
domain as the user.
|
||||
|
||||
What is Scope?
|
||||
==============
|
||||
|
||||
Scope is an overloaded term.
|
||||
|
||||
In reference to authenticating, as seen above, scope refers to the portion
|
||||
of the POST data that dictates what ``Resource`` (project or domain) the user
|
||||
wants to access.
|
||||
|
||||
In reference to tokens, scope refers to the effectiveness of a token,
|
||||
i.e.: a `project-scoped` token is only useful on the project it was initially
|
||||
granted for. A `domain-scoped` token may be used to perform domain-related
|
||||
function.
|
||||
|
||||
In reference to users, groups, and projects, scope often refers to the domain
|
||||
that the entity is owned by. i.e.: a user in domain X is scoped to domain X.
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user