Move docs from key_terms to architecture

there is a lot of overlap between the two docs, let's have a
single doc instead.

also clean up the references to modules as they have bitrotted.

Change-Id: I05d30fa51052b875b1de94c4152036b1d0768793
This commit is contained in:
Steve Martinelli 2016-11-18 15:24:07 -05:00
parent 0a9051bcc1
commit 4c5b15e3db
3 changed files with 233 additions and 233 deletions

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@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
under the License. under the License.
=====================
Keystone Architecture Keystone Architecture
===================== =====================
@ -21,9 +22,8 @@ Much of the design is precipitated from the expectation that the auth backends
for most deployments will actually be shims in front of existing user systems. for most deployments will actually be shims in front of existing user systems.
------------ Services
The Services ========
------------
Keystone is organized as a group of internal services exposed on one or many Keystone is organized as a group of internal services exposed on one or many
endpoints. Many of these services are used in a combined fashion by the endpoints. Many of these services are used in a combined fashion by the
@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ token with the Token service.
Identity Identity
-------- --------
The Identity service provides auth credential validation and data about users The Identity service provides auth credential validation and data about `users`
and groups. and `groups`.
In the basic case all this data is managed by the service, allowing the service In the basic case all this data is managed by the service, allowing the service
to manage all the CRUD associated with the data. to manage all the CRUD associated with the data.
@ -45,24 +45,77 @@ In other cases, data is managed from an authoritative backend service. An
example of this would be when backending on LDAP. The LDAP backend utilizes example of this would be when backending on LDAP. The LDAP backend utilizes
the LDAP server as the source for user and group data. the LDAP server as the source for user and group data.
Users
^^^^^
``Users`` represent an individual API consumer. A user itself must be owned by
a specific domain, and hence all user names are **not** globally unique, but
only unique to their domain.
Groups
^^^^^^
``Groups`` are a container representing a collection of users. A group itself
must be owned by a specific domain, and hence all group names are **not**
globally unique, but only unique to their domain.
Resource Resource
-------- --------
The Resource service provides data about projects and domains. The Resource service provides data about `projects` and `domains`.
Like the Identity service, this data may either be managed directly by the Projects (Tenants)
service or be pulled from a custom authoritative backend service. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
``Projects`` (known as ``Tenants`` in v2.0) represent the base unit of
``ownership`` in OpenStack, in that all resources in OpenStack should be owned
by a specific project.
A project itself must be owned by a specific domain, and hence all project
names are **not** globally unique, but unique to their domain.
If the domain for a project is not specified, then it is added to the default
domain.
Domains
^^^^^^^
``Domains`` are a high-level container for projects, users and groups. Each is
owned by exactly one domain. Each domain defines a namespace where an
API-visible name attribute exists. keystone provides a default domain, aptly
named 'Default'.
In the Identity v3 API, the uniqueness of attributes is as follows:
- Domain Name. Globally unique across all domains.
- Role Name. Globally unique across all domains.
- User Name. Unique within the owning domain.
- Project Name. Unique within the owning domain.
- Group Name. Unique within the owning domain.
Due to their container architecture, domains may be used as a way to delegate
management of OpenStack resources. A user in a domain may still access
resources in another domain, if an appropriate assignment is granted.
Assignment Assignment
---------- ----------
The Assignment service provides data about roles and role assignments to the The Assignment service provides data about `roles` and `role assignments`.
entities managed by the Identity and Resource services. Again, like these two
services, this data may either be managed directly by the Assignment service
or be pulled from a custom authoritative backend service.
Roles
^^^^^
``Roles`` dictate the level of authorization the end user can obtain. Roles
can be granted at either the domain or project level. Role can be assigned to
the individual user or at the group level. Role names are globally unique.
Role Assignments
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
A 3-tuple that has a ``Role``, a ``Resource`` and an ``Identity``.
Token Token
----- -----
@ -84,9 +137,8 @@ The Policy service provides a rule-based authorization engine and the
associated rule management interface. associated rule management interface.
------------------------
Application Construction Application Construction
------------------------ ========================
Keystone is an HTTP front-end to several services. Like other OpenStack Keystone is an HTTP front-end to several services. Like other OpenStack
applications, this is done using python WSGI interfaces and applications are applications, this is done using python WSGI interfaces and applications are
@ -96,8 +148,8 @@ of pipelines of WSGI middleware, such as:
.. code-block:: ini .. code-block:: ini
[pipeline:api_v3] [pipeline:api_v3]
pipeline = sizelimit url_normalize build_auth_context token_auth admin_token_auth pipeline = healthcheck cors sizelimit http_proxy_to_wsgi osprofiler url_normalize request_id build_auth_context token_auth json_body ec2_extension_v3 s3_extension service_v3
json_body ec2_extension_v3 s3_extension service_v3
These in turn use a subclass of :mod:`keystone.common.wsgi.ComposingRouter` to These in turn use a subclass of :mod:`keystone.common.wsgi.ComposingRouter` to
link URLs to controllers (a subclass of link URLs to controllers (a subclass of
@ -109,6 +161,7 @@ on the keystone configuration.
* Assignment * Assignment
* :mod:`keystone.assignment.controllers.GrantAssignmentV3` * :mod:`keystone.assignment.controllers.GrantAssignmentV3`
* :mod:`keystone.assignment.controllers.ImpliedRolesV3`
* :mod:`keystone.assignment.controllers.ProjectAssignmentV3` * :mod:`keystone.assignment.controllers.ProjectAssignmentV3`
* :mod:`keystone.assignment.controllers.TenantAssignment` * :mod:`keystone.assignment.controllers.TenantAssignment`
* :mod:`keystone.assignment.controllers.Role` * :mod:`keystone.assignment.controllers.Role`
@ -122,10 +175,26 @@ on the keystone configuration.
* Catalog * Catalog
* :mod:`keystone.catalog.controllers.EndpointFilterV3Controller`
* :mod:`keystone.catalog.controllers.EndpointGroupV3Controller`
* :mod:`keystone.catalog.controllers.EndpointV3` * :mod:`keystone.catalog.controllers.EndpointV3`
* :mod:`keystone.catalog.controllers.ProjectEndpointGroupV3Controller`
* :mod:`keystone.catalog.controllers.RegionV3` * :mod:`keystone.catalog.controllers.RegionV3`
* :mod:`keystone.catalog.controllers.ServiceV3` * :mod:`keystone.catalog.controllers.ServiceV3`
* Credentials
* :mod:`keystone.contrib.ec2.controllers.Ec2ControllerV3`
* :mod:`keystone.credential.controllers.CredentialV3`
* Federation
* :mod:`keystone.federation.controllers.IdentityProvider`
* :mod:`keystone.federation.controllers.FederationProtocol`
* :mod:`keystone.federation.controllers.MappingController`
* :mod:`keystone.federation.controllers.ServiceProvider`
* :mod:`keystone.federation.controllers.SAMLMetadataV3`
* Identity * Identity
* :mod:`keystone.identity.controllers.GroupV3` * :mod:`keystone.identity.controllers.GroupV3`
@ -138,19 +207,22 @@ on the keystone configuration.
* Resource * Resource
* :mod:`keystone.resource.controllers.DomainV3` * :mod:`keystone.resource.controllers.DomainV3`
* :mod:`keystone.resource.controllers.DomainConfigV3`
* :mod:`keystone.resource.controllers.ProjectV3` * :mod:`keystone.resource.controllers.ProjectV3`
* Token * Revoke
* :mod:`keystone.token.controllers.Auth` * :mod:`keystone.revoke.controllers.RevokeController`
* Trust
* :mod:`keystone.trust.controllers.TrustV3`
.. _Paste: http://pythonpaste.org/ .. _Paste: http://pythonpaste.org/
----------------
Service Backends Service Backends
---------------- ================
Each of the services can be configured to use a backend to allow keystone to Each of the services can be configured to use a backend to allow keystone to
fit a variety of environments and needs. The backend for each service is fit a variety of environments and needs. The backend for each service is
@ -162,21 +234,23 @@ for any implementations, identifying the expected service implementations. The
abstract base classes are stored in the service's backends directory as abstract base classes are stored in the service's backends directory as
``base.py``. The corresponding drivers for the services are: ``base.py``. The corresponding drivers for the services are:
* :mod:`keystone.assignment.backends.base.AssignmentDriver` * :mod:`keystone.assignment.backends.base.AssignmentDriverBase`
* :mod:`keystone.assignment.backends.base.RoleDriver` * :mod:`keystone.assignment.role_backends.base.RoleDriverBase`
* :mod:`keystone.catalog.backends.base.CatalogDriver` * :mod:`keystone.auth.plugins.base.AuthMethodHandler`
* :mod:`keystone.credential.backends.base.CredentialDriver` * :mod:`keystone.catalog.backends.base.CatalogDriverBase`
* :mod:`keystone.endpoint_policy.backends.base.EndpointPolicyDriver` * :mod:`keystone.credential.backends.base.CredentialDriverBase`
* :mod:`keystone.federation.backends.base.FederationDriver` * :mod:`keystone.endpoint_policy.backends.base.EndpointPolicyDriverBase`
* :mod:`keystone.identity.backends.base.IdentityDriver` * :mod:`keystone.federation.backends.base.FederationDriverBase`
* :mod:`keystone.identity.backends.base.MappingDriver` * :mod:`keystone.identity.backends.base.IdentityDriverBase`
* :mod:`keystone.oauth1.backends.base.Oauth1Driver` * :mod:`keystone.identity.mapping_backends.base.MappingDriverBase`
* :mod:`keystone.policy.backends.base.PolicyDriver` * :mod:`keystone.identity.shadow_backends.base.ShadowUsersDriverBase`
* :mod:`keystone.resource.backends.base.DomainConfigDriver` * :mod:`keystone.oauth1.backends.base.Oauth1DriverBase`
* :mod:`keystone.resource.backends.base.ResourceDriver` * :mod:`keystone.policy.backends.base.PolicyDriverBase`
* :mod:`keystone.revoke.backends.base.RevokeDriver` * :mod:`keystone.resource.backends.base.ResourceDriverBase`
* :mod:`keystone.resource.config_backends.base.DomainConfigDriverBase`
* :mod:`keystone.revoke.backends.base.RevokeDriverBase`
* :mod:`keystone.token.providers.base.Provider` * :mod:`keystone.token.providers.base.Provider`
* :mod:`keystone.trust.backends.base.TrustDriver` * :mod:`keystone.trust.backends.base.TrustDriverBase`
If you implement a backend driver for one of the keystone services, you're If you implement a backend driver for one of the keystone services, you're
expected to subclass from these classes. expected to subclass from these classes.
@ -190,18 +264,19 @@ project, a catalog backend that simply expands pre-configured templates to
provide catalog data. provide catalog data.
Example paste.deploy config (uses $ instead of % to avoid ConfigParser's Example paste.deploy config (uses $ instead of % to avoid ConfigParser's
interpolation):: interpolation)
[DEFAULT] .. code-block:: ini
catalog.RegionOne.identity.publicURL = http://localhost:$(public_port)s/v2.0
catalog.RegionOne.identity.adminURL = http://localhost:$(public_port)s/v2.0 [DEFAULT]
catalog.RegionOne.identity.internalURL = http://localhost:$(public_port)s/v2.0 catalog.RegionOne.identity.publicURL = http://localhost:$(public_port)s/v2.0
catalog.RegionOne.identity.name = 'Identity Service' catalog.RegionOne.identity.adminURL = http://localhost:$(public_port)s/v2.0
catalog.RegionOne.identity.internalURL = http://localhost:$(public_port)s/v2.0
catalog.RegionOne.identity.name = 'Identity Service'
----------
Data Model Data Model
---------- ==========
Keystone was designed from the ground up to be amenable to multiple styles of Keystone was designed from the ground up to be amenable to multiple styles of
backends and as such many of the methods and data types will happily accept backends and as such many of the methods and data types will happily accept
@ -223,9 +298,8 @@ and groups to projects and domains; the actual backend implementations take
varying levels of advantage of that functionality. varying levels of advantage of that functionality.
----------------
Approach to CRUD Approach to CRUD
---------------- ================
While it is expected that any "real" deployment at a large company will manage While it is expected that any "real" deployment at a large company will manage
their users and groups in their existing user systems, a variety of CRUD their users and groups in their existing user systems, a variety of CRUD
@ -237,9 +311,8 @@ backends for services that don't support the CRUD operations will raise a
:mod:`keystone.exception.NotImplemented`. :mod:`keystone.exception.NotImplemented`.
----------------------------------
Approach to Authorization (Policy) Approach to Authorization (Policy)
---------------------------------- ==================================
Various components in the system require that different actions are allowed Various components in the system require that different actions are allowed
based on whether the user is authorized to perform that action. based on whether the user is authorized to perform that action.
@ -299,3 +372,116 @@ to which capabilities are allowed for that role. For example:
In the backend this would look up the policy for 'action:nova:add_network' and In the backend this would look up the policy for 'action:nova:add_network' and
then do what is effectively a 'Simple Match' style match against the credentials. then do what is effectively a 'Simple Match' style match against the credentials.
Approach to Authentication
==========================
Keystone provides several authentication plugins that inherit from
:mod:`keystone.auth.plugins.base`. The following is a list of available plugins.
* :mod:`keystone.auth.plugins.external.Base`
* :mod:`keystone.auth.plugins.mapped.Mapped`
* :mod:`keystone.auth.plugins.oauth1.OAuth`
* :mod:`keystone.auth.plugins.password.Password`
* :mod:`keystone.auth.plugins.token.Token`
* :mod:`keystone.auth.plugins.totp.TOTP`
In the most basic plugin ``password``, two pieces of information are required
to authenticate with keystone, a bit of ``Resource`` information and a bit of
``Identity``.
Take the following call POST data for instance:
.. code-block:: javascript
{
"auth": {
"identity": {
"methods": [
"password"
],
"password": {
"user": {
"id": "0ca8f6",
"password": "secretsecret"
}
}
},
"scope": {
"project": {
"id": "263fd9"
}
}
}
}
The user (ID of 0ca8f6) is attempting to retrieve a token that is scoped to
project (ID of 263fd9).
To perform the same call with names instead of IDs, we now need to supply
information about the domain. This is because usernames are only unique within
a given domain, but user IDs are supposed to be unique across the deployment.
Thus, the auth request looks like the following:
.. code-block:: javascript
{
"auth": {
"identity": {
"methods": [
"password"
],
"password": {
"user": {
"domain": {
"name": "acme"
}
"name": "userA",
"password": "secretsecret"
}
}
},
"scope": {
"project": {
"domain": {
"id": "1789d1"
},
"name": "project-x"
}
}
}
}
For both the user and the project portion, we must supply either a domain ID
or a domain name, in order to properly determine the correct user and project.
Alternatively, if we wanted to represent this as environment variables for a
command line, it would be:
.. code-block:: bash
$ export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_ID=1789d1
$ export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=acme
$ export OS_USERNAME=userA
$ export OS_PASSWORD=secretsecret
$ export OS_PROJECT_NAME=project-x
Note that the project the user it attempting to access must be in the same
domain as the user.
What is Scope?
--------------
Scope is an overloaded term.
In reference to authenticating, as seen above, scope refers to the portion
of the POST data that dictates what ``Resource`` (project or domain) the user
wants to access.
In reference to tokens, scope refers to the effectiveness of a token,
i.e.: a `project-scoped` token is only useful on the project it was initially
granted for. A `domain-scoped` token may be used to perform domain-related
function.
In reference to users, groups, and projects, scope often refers to the domain
that the entity is owned by. i.e.: a user in domain X is scoped to domain X.

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@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ Getting Started
upgrading upgrading
performance performance
apache-httpd apache-httpd
architecture
policy_mapping policy_mapping
extensions extensions
key_terms
community community
Configuration Configuration
@ -90,7 +90,6 @@ Developers Documentation
devref/development.environment devref/development.environment
developing developing
developing_drivers developing_drivers
architecture
api_change_tutorial api_change_tutorial
middlewarearchitecture middlewarearchitecture
http-api http-api

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@ -1,185 +0,0 @@
=========
Key Terms
=========
This document describes the different resource types that are available in
OpenStack's Identity Service.
Identity
========
The Identity portion of keystone includes ``Users`` and ``Groups``, and may be
backed by SQL or more commonly LDAP.
Users
-----
``Users`` represent an individual API consumer. A user itself must be owned by
a specific domain, and hence all user names are **not** globally unique, but
only unique to their domain.
Groups
------
``Groups`` are a container representing a collection of users. A group itself
must be owned by a specific domain, and hence all group names are **not**
globally unique, but only unique to their domain.
Resources
=========
The Resources portion of keystone includes ``Projects`` and ``Domains``, and
are commonly stored in an SQL backend.
Projects (Tenants)
------------------
``Projects`` (known as Tenants in v2.0) represent the base unit of
``ownership`` in OpenStack, in that all resources in OpenStack should be owned
by a specific project.
A project itself must be owned by a specific domain, and hence all project
names are **not** globally unique, but unique to their domain.
If the domain for a project is not specified, then it is added to the default
domain.
Domains
-------
``Domains`` are a high-level container for projects, users and groups. Each is
owned by exactly one domain. Each domain defines a namespace where an
API-visible name attribute exists. keystone provides a default domain, aptly
named 'Default'.
In the Identity v3 API, the uniqueness of attributes is as follows:
- Domain Name. Globally unique across all domains.
- Role Name. Globally unique across all domains.
- User Name. Unique within the owning domain.
- Project Name. Unique within the owning domain.
- Group Name. Unique within the owning domain.
Due to their container architecture, domains may be used as a way to delegate
management of OpenStack resources. A user in a domain may still access
resources in another domain, if an appropriate assignment is granted.
Assignment
==========
Roles
-----
``Roles`` dictate the level of authorization the end user can obtain. Roles
can be granted at either the domain or project level. Role can be assigned to
the individual user or at the group level. Role names are globally unique.
Role Assignments
----------------
A 3-tuple that has a ``Role``, a ``Resource`` and an ``Identity``.
What's needed to Authenticate?
==============================
Two pieces of information are required to authenticate with keystone, a
bit of ``Resource`` information and a bit of ``Identity``.
Take the following call POST data for instance:
.. code-block:: javascript
{
"auth": {
"identity": {
"methods": [
"password"
],
"password": {
"user": {
"id": "0ca8f6",
"password": "secretsecret"
}
}
},
"scope": {
"project": {
"id": "263fd9"
}
}
}
}
The user (ID of 0ca8f6) is attempting to retrieve a token that is scoped to
project (ID of 263fd9).
To perform the same call with names instead of IDs, we now need to supply
information about the domain. This is because usernames are only unique within
a given domain, but user IDs are supposed to be unique across the deployment.
Thus, the auth request looks like the following:
.. code-block:: javascript
{
"auth": {
"identity": {
"methods": [
"password"
],
"password": {
"user": {
"domain": {
"name": "acme"
}
"name": "userA",
"password": "secretsecret"
}
}
},
"scope": {
"project": {
"domain": {
"id": "1789d1"
},
"name": "project-x"
}
}
}
}
For both the user and the project portion, we must supply either a domain ID
or a domain name, in order to properly determine the correct user and project.
Alternatively, if we wanted to represent this as environment variables for a
command line, it would be:
.. code-block:: bash
$ export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_ID=1789d1
$ export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=acme
$ export OS_USERNAME=userA
$ export OS_PASSWORD=secretsecret
$ export OS_PROJECT_NAME=project-x
Note that the project the user it attempting to access must be in the same
domain as the user.
What is Scope?
==============
Scope is an overloaded term.
In reference to authenticating, as seen above, scope refers to the portion
of the POST data that dictates what ``Resource`` (project or domain) the user
wants to access.
In reference to tokens, scope refers to the effectiveness of a token,
i.e.: a `project-scoped` token is only useful on the project it was initially
granted for. A `domain-scoped` token may be used to perform domain-related
function.
In reference to users, groups, and projects, scope often refers to the domain
that the entity is owned by. i.e.: a user in domain X is scoped to domain X.