28 KiB

Raw Blame History

Configuring Keystone for Federation

Keystone as a Service Provider (SP)

Prerequisites

If you are not familiar with the idea of federated identity, see the introduction first.

In this section, we will configure keystone as a Service Provider, consuming identity properties issued by an external Identity Provider, such as SAML assertions or OpenID Connect claims. For testing purposes, we recommend using samltest.id as a SAML Identity Provider, or Google as an OpenID Connect Identity Provider, and the examples here will references those providers. If you plan to set up Keystone as an Identity Provider (IdP), it is easiest to set up keystone with a dummy SAML provider first and then reconfigure it to point to the keystone Identity Provider later.

The following configuration steps were performed on a machine running Ubuntu 16.04 and Apache 2.4.18.

To enable federation, you'll need to run keystone behind a web server such as Apache rather than running the WSGI application directly with uWSGI or Gunicorn. See the installation guide for SUSE, RedHat or Ubuntu to configure the Apache web server for keystone.

Throughout the rest of the guide, you will need to decide on three pieces of information and use them consistently throughout your configuration:

The protocol name. This must be a valid keystone auth method and must match one of: saml2, openid, mapped or a custom auth method for which you must register as an external driver.
The identity provider name. This can be arbitrary.
The entity ID of the service provider. This should be a URN but need not resolve to anything.

You will also need to decide what HTTPD module to use as a Service Provider. This guide provides examples for mod_shib and mod_auth_mellon as SAML service providers, and mod_auth_openidc as an OpenID Connect Service Provider.

Note

In this guide, the keystone Service Provider is configured on a host called sp.keystone.example.org listening on the standard HTTPS port. All keystone paths will start with the keystone version prefix, /v3. If you have configured keystone to listen on port 5000, or to respond on the path /identity (for example), take this into account in your own configuration.

Creating federation resources in keystone

You need to create three resources via the keystone API to identify the Identity Provider to keystone and align remote user attributes with keystone objects:

Create an Identity Provider
Create a Mapping
Create a Protocol

Create an Identity Provider

Create an Identity Provider object in keystone, which represents the Identity Provider we will use to authenticate end users:

$ openstack identity provider create --remote-id https://samltest.id/saml/idp samltest

The value for the remote-id option is the unique identifier provided by the Identity Provider, called the entity ID or the remote ID. For a SAML Identity Provider, it can found by querying its metadata endpoint:

$ curl -s https://samltest.id/saml/idp | grep -o 'entityID=".*"'
entityID="https://samltest.id/saml/idp"

For an OpenID Connect IdP, it is the Identity Provider's Issuer Identifier. A remote ID must be globally unique: two identity providers cannot be associated with the same remote ID. The remote ID will usually appear as a URN but but need not be a resolvable URL.

The local name, called samltest in our example, is decided by you and will be used by the mapping and protocol, and later for authentication.

Note

An identity provider keystone object may have multiple remote-ids specified, this allows the same keystone identity provider resource to be used with multiple external identity providers. For example, an identity provider resource university-idp, may have the following remote_ids: ['university-x', 'university-y', 'university-z']. This removes the need to configure N identity providers in keystone.

Create a Mapping

Next, create a mapping. A mapping is a set of rules that link the attributes of a remote user to user properties that keystone understands. It is especially useful for granting remote users authorization to keystone resources, either by associating them with a local keystone group and inheriting its role assignments, or dynamically provisioning projects within keystone based on these rules.

An Identity Provider has exactly one mapping specified per protocol. Mapping objects can be used multiple times by different combinations of Identity Provider and Protocol.

As a simple example, create a mapping with a single rule to map all remote users to a local user in a single group in keystone:

$ cat > rules.json <<EOF
[
    {
        "local": [
            {
                "user": {
                    "name": "{0}"
                },
                "group": {
                    "domain": {
                        "name": "Default"
                    },
                    "name": "federated_users"
                }
            }
        ],
        "remote": [
            {
                "type": "REMOTE_USER"
            }
        ]
    }
]
EOF
$ openstack mapping create --rules rules.json samltest_mapping

This mapping rule evaluates the REMOTE_USER variable set by the HTTPD auth module and uses it to fill in the name of the local user in keystone. It also ensures all remote users become effective members of the federated_users group, thereby inheriting the group's role assignments.

In this example, the federated_users group must exist in the keystone Identity backend and must have a role assignment on some project, domain, or system in order for federated users to have an authorization in keystone. For example, to create the group:

$ openstack group create federated_users

Create a project these users should be assigned to:

$ openstack project create federated_project

Assign the group a member role in the project:

$ openstack role add --group federated_users --project federated_project member

Mappings can be quite complex. A detailed guide can be found on the mapping_combinations page.

See also the API reference on mapping rules.

Create a Protocol

Now create a federation protocol. A federation protocol object links the Identity Provider to a mapping.

You can create a protocol like this:

$ openstack federation protocol create saml2 \
--mapping samltest_mapping --identity-provider samltest

As mentioned in sp-prerequisites, the name you give the protocol is not arbitrary, it must be a valid auth method.

Configuring an HTTPD auth module

This guide currently only includes examples for the Apache web server, but it possible to use SAML, OpenIDC, and other auth modules in other web servers. See the installation guides for running keystone behind Apache for SUSE, RedHat or Ubuntu.

Configure protected endpoints

There is a minimum of one endpoint that must be protected in the VirtualHost configuration for the keystone service:

<Location /v3/OS-FEDERATION/identity_providers/IDENTITYPROVIDER/protocols/PROTOCOL/auth>
  Require valid-user
  AuthType [...]
  ...
</Location>

This is the endpoint for federated users to request an unscoped token.

If configuring WebSSO, you should also protect one or both of the following endpoints:

<Location /v3/auth/OS-FEDERATION/websso/PROTOCOL>
  Require valid-user
  AuthType [...]
  ...
</Location>
<Location /v3/auth/OS-FEDERATION/identity_providers/IDENTITYPROVIDER/protocols/PROTOCOL/websso>
  Require valid-user
  AuthType [...]
  ...
</Location>

The first example only specifies a protocol, and keystone will use the incoming remote ID to determine the Identity Provider. The second specifies the Identity Provider directly, which must then be supplied to horizon when configuring horizon for WebSSO.

The path must exactly match the path that will be used to access the keystone service. For example, if the identity provider you created in Create an Identity Provider is samltest and the protocol you created in Create a Protocol is saml2, then the Locations will be:

<Location /v3/OS-FEDERATION/identity_providers/samltest/protocols/saml2/auth>
  Require valid-user
  AuthType [...]
  ...
</Location>
<Location /v3/auth/OS-FEDERATION/websso/saml2>
  Require valid-user
  AuthType [...]
  ...
</Location>
<Location /v3/auth/OS-FEDERATION/identity_providers/samltest/protocols/saml2/websso>
  Require valid-user
  AuthType [...]
  ...
</Location>

However, if you have configured the keystone service to use a virtual path such as /identity, that part of the path should be included:

<Location /identity/v3/OS-FEDERATION/identity_providers/samltest/protocols/saml2/auth>
  Require valid-user
  AuthType [...]
  ...
</Location>
...

Configure the auth module

If your Identity Provider is a SAML IdP, there are two main Apache modules that can be used as a SAML Service Provider: mod_shib and mod_auth_mellon. For an OpenID Connect Identity Provider, mod_auth_openidc is used. You can also use other auth modules such as kerberos, X.509, or others. Check the documentation for the provider you choose for detailed installation and configuration guidance.

Depending on the Service Provider module you've chosen, you will need to install the applicable Apache module package and follow additional configuration steps. This guide contains examples for two major federation protocols:

SAML2.0 - see guides for the following implementations:
- Set up mod_shib.
- Set up mod_auth_mellon.
OpenID Connect: Set up mod_auth_openidc.

Configuring Keystone

While the Apache module does the majority of the heavy lifting, minor changes are needed to allow keystone to allow and understand federated authentication.

Add the Auth Method

Add the authentication methods to the [auth] section in keystone.conf. The auth method here must have the same name as the protocol you created in Create a Protocol. You should also remove external as an allowable method.

[auth]
methods = password,token,saml2,openid

Configure the Remote ID Attribute

Keystone is mostly apathetic about what HTTPD auth module you choose to configure for your Service Provider, but must know what header key to look for from the auth module to determine the Identity Provider's remote ID so it can associate the incoming request with the Identity Provider resource. The key name is decided by the auth module choice:

For mod_shib: use Shib-Identity-Provider
For mod_auth_mellon: the attribute name is configured with the MellonIdP parameter in the VirtualHost configuration, if set to e.g. IDP then use MELLON_IDP
For mod_auth_openidc: use HTTP_OIDC_ISS

It is recommended that this option be set on a per-protocol basis by creating a new section named after the protocol:

[saml2]
remote_id_attribute = Shib-Identity-Provider
[openid]
remote_id_attribute = HTTP_OIDC_ISS

Alternatively, a generic option may be set at the [federation] level.

[federation]
remote_id_attribute = HTTP_OIDC_ISS

Add a Trusted Dashboard (WebSSO)

If you intend to configure horizon as a WebSSO frontend, you must specify the URLs of trusted horizon servers. This value may be repeated multiple times. This setting ensures that keystone only sends token data back to trusted servers. This is performed as a precaution, specifically to prevent man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks. The value must exactly match the origin address sent by the horizon server, including any trailing slashes.

[federation]
trusted_dashboard = https://horizon1.example.org/auth/websso/
trusted_dashboard = https://horizon2.example.org/auth/websso/

Add the Callback Template (WebSSO)

If you intend to configure horizon as a WebSSO frontend, and if not already done for you by your distribution's keystone package, copy the sso_callback_template.html template into the location specified by the [federation]/sso_callback_template option in keystone.conf. You can also use this template as an example to create your own custom HTML redirect page.

Restart the keystone WSGI service or the Apache frontend service after making changes to your keystone configuration.

# systemctl restart apache2

Configuring Horizon as a WebSSO Frontend

Note

Consult horizon's official documentation for details on configuring horizon.

Keystone on its own is not capable of supporting a browser-based Single Sign-on authentication flow such as the SAML2.0 WebSSO profile, therefore we must enlist horizon's assistance. Horizon can be configured to support SSO by enabling it in horizon's local_settings.py configuration file and adding the possible authentication choices that will be presented to the user on the login screen.

Ensure the WEBSSO_ENABLED option is set to True in horizon's local_settings.py file, this will provide users with an updated login screen for horizon.

WEBSSO_ENABLED = True

Configure the options for authenticating that a user may choose from at the login screen. The pairs configured in this list map a user-friendly string to an authentication option, which may be one of:

The string credentials which forces horizon to present its own username and password fields that the user will use to authenticate as a local keystone user
The name of a protocol that you created in Create a Protocol, such as saml2 or openid, which will cause horizon to call keystone's WebSSO API without an Identity Provider to authenticate the user
A string that maps to an Identity Provider and Protocol combination configured in WEBSSO_IDP_MAPPING which will cause horizon to call keystone's WebSSO API specific to the given Identity Provider.

WEBSSO_CHOICES = (
    ("credentials", _("Keystone Credentials")),
    ("openid", _("OpenID Connect")),
    ("saml2", _("Security Assertion Markup Language")),
    ("myidp_openid", "Acme Corporation - OpenID Connect"),
    ("myidp_saml2", "Acme Corporation - SAML2")
)

WEBSSO_IDP_MAPPING = {
    "myidp_openid": ("myidp", "openid"),
    "myidp_saml2": ("myidp", "saml2")
}

The initial selection of the dropdown menu can also be configured:

WEBSSO_INITIAL_CHOICE = "credentials"

Remember to restart the web server when finished configuring horizon:

# systemctl restart apache2

Authenticating

Use the CLI to authenticate with a SAML2.0 Identity Provider

The python-openstackclient can be used to authenticate a federated user in a SAML Identity Provider to keystone.

Note

The SAML Identity Provider must be configured to support the ECP authentication profile.

To use the CLI tool, you must have the name of the Identity Provider resource in keystone, the name of the federation protocol configured in keystone, and the ECP endpoint for the Identity Provider. If you are the cloud administrator, the name of the Identity Provider and protocol was configured in Create an Identity Provider and Create a Protocol respectively. If you are not the administrator, you must obtain this information from the administrator.

The ECP endpoint for the Identity Provider can be obtained from its metadata without involving an administrator. This endpoint is the urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:bindings:SOAP binding in the metadata document:

$ curl -s https://samltest.id/saml/idp | grep urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:bindings:SOAP
     <SingleSignOnService Binding="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:bindings:SOAP" Location="https://samltest.id/idp/profile/SAML2/SOAP/ECP"/>

Find available scopes

If you are a new user and are not aware of what resources you have access to, you can use an unscoped query to list the projects or domains you have been granted a role assignment on:

export OS_AUTH_TYPE=v3samlpassword
export OS_IDENTITY_PROVIDER=samltest
export OS_IDENTITY_PROVIDER_URL=https://samltest.id/idp/profile/SAML2/SOAP/ECP
export OS_PROTOCOL=saml2
export OS_USERNAME=morty
export OS_PASSWORD=panic
export OS_AUTH_URL=https://sp.keystone.example.org/v3
export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3
openstack federation project list
openstack federation domain list

Get a scoped token

If you already know the project, domain or system you wish to scope to, you can directly request a scoped token:

export OS_AUTH_TYPE=v3samlpassword
export OS_IDENTITY_PROVIDER=samltest
export OS_IDENTITY_PROVIDER_URL=https://samltest.id/idp/profile/SAML2/SOAP/ECP
export OS_PROTOCOL=saml2
export OS_USERNAME=morty
export OS_PASSWORD=panic
export OS_AUTH_URL=https://sp.keystone.example.org/v3
export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3
export OS_PROJECT_NAME=federated_project
export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default
openstack token issue

Use horizon to authenticate with an external Identity Provider

When horizon is configured to enable WebSSO, a dropdown menu will appear on the login screen before the user has authenticated. Select an authentication method from the menu to be redirected to your Identity Provider for authentication.

Horizon login screen using external authentication

Keystone as an Identity Provider (IdP)

Prerequisites

When keystone is configured as an Identity Provider, it is often referred to as Keystone to Keystone, because it enables federation between multiple OpenStack clouds using the SAML2.0 protocol.

If you are not familiar with the idea of federated identity, see the introduction first.

When setting up Keystone to Keystone, it is easiest to configure a keystone Service Provider first with a sandbox Identity Provider such as samltest.id.

This feature requires installation of the xmlsec1 tool via your distribution packaging system (for instance apt or yum)

# apt-get install xmlsec1

Note

In this guide, the keystone Identity Provider is configured on a host called idp.keystone.example.org listening on the standard HTTPS port. All keystone paths will start with the keystone version prefix, /v3. If you have configured keystone to listen on port 5000, or to respond on the path /identity (for example), take this into account in your own configuration.

Configuring Metadata

Since keystone is acting as a SAML Identity Provider, its metadata must be configured in the [saml] section (not to be confused with an optional [saml2] section which you may have configured in Configure the Remote Id Attribute while setting up keystone as Service Provider) of keystone.conf so that it can served by the metadata API.

The two parameters that must be set in order for keystone to generate metadata are idp_entity_id and idp_sso_endpoint:

[saml]
idp_entity_id=https://idp.keystone.example.org/v3/OS-FEDERATION/saml2/idp
idp_sso_endpoint=https://idp.keystone.example.org/v3/OS-FEDERATION/saml2/sso

idp_entity_id sets the Identity Provider entity ID, which is a string of your choosing that uniquely identifies the Identity Provider to any Service Provider.

idp_sso_endpoint is required to generate valid metadata, but its value is currently not used because keystone as an Identity Provider does not support the SAML2.0 WebSSO auth profile. This may change in the future which is why there is no default value provided and must be set by the operator.

For completeness, the following Organization and Contact configuration options should also be updated to reflect your organization and administrator contact details.

idp_organization_name=example_company
idp_organization_display_name=Example Corp.
idp_organization_url=example.com
idp_contact_company=example_company
idp_contact_name=John
idp_contact_surname=Smith
idp_contact_email=jsmith@example.com
idp_contact_telephone=555-555-5555
idp_contact_type=technical

It is important to take note of the default certfile and keyfile options, and adjust them if necessary:

certfile=/etc/keystone/ssl/certs/signing_cert.pem
keyfile=/etc/keystone/ssl/private/signing_key.pem

You must generate a PKI key pair and copy the files to these paths. You can use the openssl tool to do so. Keystone does not provide a utility for this.

Check the idp_metadata_path setting and adjust it if necessary:

idp_metadata_path=/etc/keystone/saml2_idp_metadata.xml

To create metadata for your keystone IdP, run the keystone-manage command and redirect the output to a file. For example:

# keystone-manage saml_idp_metadata > /etc/keystone/saml2_idp_metadata.xml

Finally, restart the keystone WSGI service or the web server frontend:

# systemctl restart apache2

Creating a Service Provider Resource

Create a Service Provider resource to represent your Service Provider as an object in keystone:

$ openstack service provider create keystonesp \
--service-provider-url https://sp.keystone.example.org/Shibboleth.sso/SAML2/ECP
--auth-url https://sp.keystone.example.org/v3/OS-FEDERATION/identity_providers/keystoneidp/protocols/saml2/auth

The --auth-url is the federated auth endpoint for a specific Identity Provider and protocol name, here named keystoneidp and saml2.

The --service-provider-url is the urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:bindings:PAOS binding for the Assertion Consumer Service of the Service Provider. It can be obtained from the Service Provider metadata:

$ curl -s https://sp.keystone.example.org/Shibboleth.sso/Metadata | grep urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:bindings:PAOS
<md:AssertionConsumerService Binding="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:bindings:PAOS" Location="https://sp.keystone.example.org/Shibboleth.sso/SAML2/ECP" index="4"/>

Authenticating

Use the CLI to authenticate with Keystone-to-Keystone

Use python-openstackclient to authenticate with the IdP and then get a scoped token from the SP.

export OS_USERNAME=demo
export OS_PASSWORD=nomoresecret
export OS_AUTH_URL=https://idp.keystone.example.org/v3
export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3
export OS_PROJECT_NAME=federated_project
export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default
export OS_SERVICE_PROVIDER=keystonesp
export OS_REMOTE_PROJECT_NAME=federated_project
export OS_REMOTE_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default
openstack token issue

Use Horizon to switch clouds

No additional configuration is necessary to enable horizon for Keystone to Keystone. Log into the horizon instance for the Identity Provider using your regular local keystone credentials. Once logged in, you will see a Service Provider dropdown menu which you can use to switch your dashboard view to another cloud.

Horizon dropdown menu for switching between keystone providers

28 KiB Raw Blame History

Configuring Keystone for Federation

Keystone as a Service Provider (SP)

Prerequisites

Creating federation resources in keystone

Create an Identity Provider

Create a Mapping

Create a Protocol

Configuring an HTTPD auth module

Configure protected endpoints

Configure the auth module

Configuring Keystone

Add the Auth Method

Configure the Remote ID Attribute

Add a Trusted Dashboard (WebSSO)

Add the Callback Template (WebSSO)

Configuring Horizon as a WebSSO Frontend

Authenticating

Use the CLI to authenticate with a SAML2.0 Identity Provider

Find available scopes

Get a scoped token

Use horizon to authenticate with an external Identity Provider

Keystone as an Identity Provider (IdP)

Prerequisites

Configuring Metadata

Creating a Service Provider Resource

Authenticating

Use the CLI to authenticate with Keystone-to-Keystone

Use Horizon to switch clouds

28 KiB

Raw Blame History