keystone/doc/source/contributor/http-api.rst

Identity API v2.0 and v3 History

Specifications

Keystone implements two major HTTP API versions, along with several API extensions that build on top of each core API. The two APIs are specified as Identity API v2.0 and Identity API v3. Each API is specified by a single source of truth to avoid conflicts between documentation and implementation. The original source of truth for the v2.0 API is defined by a set of WADL and XSD files. The original source of truth for the v3 API is defined by documentation.

History

You're probably wondering why Keystone does not implement a "v1" API. As a matter of fact, one exists, but it actually predates OpenStack. The v1.x API was an extremely small API documented and implemented by Rackspace for their early public cloud products.

With the advent of OpenStack, Keystone served to provide a superset of the authentication and multi-tenant authorization models already implemented by Rackspace's public cloud, Nova, and Swift. Thus, Identity API v2.0 was introduced.

Identity API v3 was established to introduce namespacing for users and projects by using "domains" as a higher-level container for more flexible identity management and fixed a security issue in the v2.0 API (bearer tokens appearing in URLs).

Should I use v2.0 or v3?

Identity API v3.

Identity API v3 is a superset of all the functionality available in v2.0 and several of its extensions, and provides a much more consistent developer experience to boot. We're also on the road to deprecating, and ultimately reducing (or dropping) support for, Identity API v2.0.

How do I migrate from v2.0 to v3?

I am a deployer

You'll need to ensure the v3 API is included in your Paste pipeline, usually etc/keystone-paste.ini. Our latest sample configuration includes the v3 application pipeline.

First define a v3 application, which refers to the v3 application factory method:

[app:service_v3]
use = egg:keystone#service_v3

Then define a v3 pipeline, which terminates with the v3 application you defined above:

[pipeline:api_v3]
pipeline = ... service_v3

Replace "..." with whatever middleware you'd like to run in front of the API service. Our latest sample configuration documents our tested recommendations, but your requirements may vary.

Finally, include the v3 pipeline in at least one composite application (but usually both [composite:main] and [composite:admin]), for example:

[composite:main]
use = egg:Paste#urlmap
/v3 = api_v3
...

Once your pipeline is configured to expose both v2.0 and v3, you need to ensure that you've configured your service catalog in Keystone correctly. The simplest, and most ideal, configuration would expose one identity with unversioned endpoints (note the lack of /v2.0/ or /v3/ in these URLs):

• Service (type: identity)
  • Endpoint (interface: public, URL: http://identity:5000/)
  • Endpoint (interface: admin, URL: http://identity:35357/)

If you were to perform a GET against either of these endpoints, you would be greeted by an HTTP/1.1 300 Multiple Choices response, which newer Keystone clients can use to automatically detect available API versions.

$ curl -i http://identity:35357/
HTTP/1.1 300 Multiple Choices
Vary: X-Auth-Token
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 755
Date: Tue, 10 Jun 2014 14:22:26 GMT

{"versions": {"values": [ ... ]}}

With unversioned identity endpoints in the service catalog, you should be able to authenticate with keystoneclient successfully.

I have a Python client

The Keystone community provides first-class support for Python API consumers via our client library, python-keystoneclient. If you're not currently using this library, you should, as it is intended to expose all of our HTTP API functionality. If we're missing something you're looking for, please contribute!

Adopting python-keystoneclient should be the easiest way to migrate to Identity API v3.

I have a non-Python client

You'll likely need to heavily reference our API documentation to port your application to Identity API v3.

The most common operation would be password-based authentication including a tenant name (i.e. project name) to specify an authorization scope. In Identity API v2.0, this would be a request to POST /v2.0/tokens:

{
    "auth": {
        "passwordCredentials": {
            "password": "my-password",
            "username": "my-username"
        },
        "tenantName": "project-x"
    }
}

And you would get back a JSON blob with an access -> token -> id that you could pass to another web service as your X-Auth-Token header value.

In Identity API v3, an equivalent request would be to POST /v3/auth/tokens:

{
    "auth": {
        "identity": {
            "methods": [
                "password"
            ],
            "password": {
                "user": {
                    "domain": {
                        "id": "default"
                    },
                    "name": "my-username",
                    "password": "my-password"
                }
            }
        },
        "scope": {
            "project": {
                "domain": {
                    "id": "default"
                },
                "name": "project-x"
            }
        }
    }
}

Note a few key differences when compared to the v2.0 API:

• A "tenant" in v2.0 became a "project" in v3.
• The authentication method (password) is explicitly identified.
• Both the user name (my-username) and project name (project-x) are namespaced by an owning domain (where id = default). The "default" domain exists by default in Keystone, and automatically owns the namespace exposed by Identity API v2.0. Alternatively, you may reference users and projects that exist outside the namespace of the default domain, which are thus inaccessible to the v2.0 API.
• In v3, your token is returned to you in an X-Subject-Token header, instead of as part of the request body. You should still authenticate yourself to other services using the X-Auth-Token header.

Why do I see deployments with Keystone running on two ports?

During development of the v2.0 API, operational functionality was isolated into different applications within the project. One application was dedicated to end-user functionality and its sole purpose was to authenticate and validate user identities. The second application consisted of more features and allowed operators the ability to manage their deployment by adding or deleting users, creating projects, etc. These applications were referred to as the public and admin APIs, respectively. This deployment model was required by the architecture of the v2.0 API. In a way, authorization was limited to the application you had access to.

Once development began on the v3 API, the code paths for both applications were merged into one. Instead of isolating functionality into separate applications, all functionality was consolidated into a single application. Each v3 endpoint or API is protected by policy instead. This makes deployment and management of Keystone's infrastructure easier for operators to deploy and for users to consume. As a result, Keystone deployments interested in only the v3 API are not required to deploy separate admin and public endpoints.

HTTP/1.1 Chunked Encoding

Warning

Running Keystone under HTTPD in the recommended (and tested) configuration does not support the use of Transfer-Encoding: chunked. This is due to a limitation with the WSGI spec and the implementation used by mod_wsgi. It is recommended that all clients assume Keystone will not support Transfer-Encoding: chunked.