Bare Metal Deployment of Kolla ============================== Evaluation and Developer Environments ------------------------------------- Two virtualized evaluation and development environment options are available. These options permit the evaluation of Kolla without disrupting the host operating system. If developing or evaluating Kolla on an OpenStack cloud environment that supports Heat, follow the :doc:`Heat evaluation and developer environment guide `. If developing or evaluating Kolla on a system that provides VirtualBox or Libvirt in addition to Vagrant, use the Vagrant virtual environment documented in :doc:`Vagrant evaluation and developer environment guide `. If evaluating or deploying OpenStack on bare-metal with Kolla, follow the instructions in this document to get started. Host machine requirements ------------------------- The recommended deployment target requirements: - Two network interfaces. - More than 8gb main memory. - At least 40gb disk space. Installing Dependencies ----------------------- Kolla is tested on CentOS, Oracle Linux, RHEL and Ubuntu as both container OS platforms and bare metal deployment targets. Fedora: Kolla will not run on Fedora 22 and later as a bare metal deployment target. These distributions compress kernel modules with the .xz compressed format. The guestfs system in the CentOS family of containers cannot read these images because a dependent package supermin in CentOS needs to be updated to add .xz compressed format support. Ubuntu: For Ubuntu based systems where Docker is used, do not use AUFS when starting Docker daemon, unless running Ubuntu uses 3.19 kernel or above. AUFS requires CONFIG\_AUFS\_XATTR=y set when building the kernel. On Ubuntu, versions prior to 3.19 did not set this flag to be compatible with Docker. In order to update kernel in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS to 3.19, run: :: sudo apt-get install linux-image-generic-lts-vivid If unable to upgrade the kernel, the Kolla community recommends using a different storage backend such as btrfs when running Docker daemon. .. NOTE:: Install is *very* sensitive about version of components. Please review carefully because default Operating System repos are likely out of date. ===================== =========== =========== ========================= Component Min Version Max Version Comment ===================== =========== =========== ========================= Ansible 1.9.4 none On deployment host Docker 1.8.2 1.8.2 On target nodes Docker Python 1.2.0 none On target nodes Python Jinja2 2.6.0 none On deployment host ===================== =========== =========== ========================= Make sure "pip" package manager is installed before procceed: :: # Centos 7 easy_install pip # Ubuntu 14.04 LTS sudo apt-get install python-pip To install Kolla tools and Python dependencies use: :: git clone https://git.openstack.org/openstack/kolla pip install kolla/ Copy Kolla configuration to /etc: :: cp -r kolla/etc/kolla /etc/ Since Docker is required to build images as well as be present on all deployed targets, the Kolla community recommends installing the Docker Inc. packaged version of Docker for maximum stability and compatibility with the following command: :: curl -sSL https://get.docker.io | bash This command will install the most recent stable version of Docker, but please note what Kolla releases are not in sync with docker in any way, so some things could stop working with new version. Kolla release 1.0.0-liberty tested to work with docker 1.8.2, to check you docker version run this command: :: docker --version Docker 1.8.3 and later are incompatible with Kolla. If the version installed is 1.8.3 or later, consider downgrading by using these commands: :: # Centos 7 yum downgrade docker-engine-1.8.2 systemctl restart docker.service # Ubuntu 14.04 LTS sudo apt-get install docker-engine=1.8.2-0~trusty On the system where the OpenStack CLI/Python code is run, the Kolla community recommends installing the OpenStack python clients if they are not installed. This could be a completely different machine then the deployment host or deployment targets. Before installing the OpenStack python client, the following requirements are needed to build the client code: :: # Ubuntu sudo apt-get install -y python-dev libffi-dev libssl-dev gcc # Centos 7 yum install -y python-devel libffi-devel openssl-devel gcc To install these clients use: :: pip install -U python-openstackclient OpenStack, RabbitMQ, and Ceph require all hosts to have matching times to ensure proper message delivery. In the case of Ceph, it will complain if the hosts differ by more than 0.05 seconds. Some OpenStack services have timers as low as 2 seconds by default. For these reasons it is highly recommended to setup an NTP service of some kind. While `ntpd` will achieve more accurate time for the deployment if the NTP servers are running in the local deployment environment, `chrony `_ is more accurate when syncing the time across a WAN connection. When running Ceph it is recommended to setup `ntpd` to sync time locally due to the tight time constraints. To install, start, and enable ntp on CentOS execute the following: :: # Centos 7 yum -y install ntp systemctl enable ntpd.service systemctl start ntpd.service To install and start on Debian based systems execute the following: :: apt-get install ntp Libvirt is started by default on many operating systems. Please disable libvirt on any machines that will be deployment targets. Only one copy of libvirt may be running at a time. :: # Centos 7 systemctl stop libvirtd.service systemctl disable libvirtd.service # Ubuntu service libvirt-bin stop update-rc.d libvirt-bin disable Kolla deploys OpenStack using `Ansible `__. Install Ansible from distribution packaging if the distro packaging has recommended version available. Currently all implemented distro versions of Ansible are too old to use distro packaging. Once distro packaging is updated install from packaging using: :: yum -y install ansible On DEB based systems this can be done using: :: apt-get install ansible If the distro packaged version of Ansible is too old, install Ansible using pip: :: pip install -U ansible Some ansible dependencies, like pycrypto, may need gcc installed on the build system. Install it using system packaging tools if it's not installed already: :: # Centos 7 yum -y install gcc # Ubuntu sudo apt-get install gcc Deploy a registry (required for multinode) ------------------------------------------ A Docker registry is a locally hosted registry that replaces the need to pull from the Docker Hub to get images. Kolla can function with or without a local registry, however for a multinode deployment a registry is required. Currently, the Docker registry v2 has extremely bad performance because all container data is pushed for every image rather than taking advantage of Docker layering to optimize push operations. For more information reference `pokey registry `__. There are two ways to set up a local docker registry. Either use packages or pull the registry container from the Docker Hub. The packaged Docker registry is v1 and the container is v2. For CentOS, the Docker registry v1 is a good alternative while Docker works to solve the v2 github issue mentioned above. Unfortunately, not all distributions package docker-registry. Note that the v1 registry can be run from Docker containers by using the registry:latest tag. However, the current latest tag is broken and crashes on startup. Therefore, on Centos use the follow operations to start the docker-registry v1: :: # CentOS yum install docker-registry sed -i "s/REGISTRY_PORT=5000/REGISTRY_PORT=4000/g" /etc/sysconfig/registry systemctl daemon-reload systemctl enable docker-registry systemctl start docker-registry If not using CentOS or Docker registry version 2 is desired, run the following command: :: docker run -d -p 4000:5000 --restart=always --name registry registry:2 Note: Kolla looks for the Docker registry to use port 4000. (Docker default is port 5000) After enabling the registry, it is necessary to instruct docker that it will be communicating with an insecure registry. To enable insecure registry communication on CentOS, modify the "/etc/sysconfig/docker" file to contain the following where 192.168.1.100 is the IP address of the machine where the registry is currently running: :: other_args="--insecure-registry 192.168.1.100:4000 Docker Inc's packaged version of docker-engine for CentOS is defective and does not read the other_args configuration options from "/etc/sysconfig/docker". To rectify this problem, set the contents of "/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service" to: :: [Unit] Description=Docker Application Container Engine Documentation=https://docs.docker.com After=network.target docker.socket Requires=docker.socket [Service] EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/docker Type=notify ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker daemon -H fd:// $other_args MountFlags=slave LimitNOFILE=1048576 LimitNPROC=1048576 LimitCORE=infinity [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target And restart docker by executing the following commands: :: # Centos systemctl daemon-reload systemctl stop docker systemctl start docker Building Container Images ------------------------- The Kolla community does not currently generate new images for each commit to the repository. The push time for a full image build to the docker registry is about 5 hours on 100mbit Internet, so there are technical limitations to using the Docker Hub registry with the current OpenStack CI/CD systems. The Kolla community builds and pushes tested images for each tagged release of Kolla, but if running from master, it is recommended to build images locally. Before running the below instructions, ensure the docker daemon is running or the build process will fail. To build images using default parameters run: :: kolla-build By default kolla-build will build all containers using Centos as the base image and binary installation as base installation method. To change this behavior, please use the following parameters with kolla-build: :: --base [ubuntu|centos|fedora|oraclelinux] --type [binary|source] If pushing to a local registry (recommended) use the flags: :: kolla-build --registry registry_ip_address:registry_ip_port --push Note --base and --type can be added to the above kolla-build command if different distributions or types are desired. A docker build of all containers on Xeon hardware with NVME SSDs and 100mbit network takes roughly 30 minutes to a v1 Docker registry. The CentOS mirrors are flakey and the RDO delorean repository is not mirrored at all. As a result occasionally some containers fail to build. To rectify build problems, the build tool will automatically attempt three retries of a build operation if the first one fails. It is also possible to build individual containers. As an example, if the glance containers failed to build, all glance related containers can be rebuilt as follows: :: kolla-build glance In order to see all available parameters, run: :: kolla-build -h Deploying Kolla --------------- The Kolla community provides two example methods of Kolla deploy: *all-in-one* and *multinode*. The "all-in-one" deploy is similar to `devstack `__ deploy which installs all OpenStack services on a single host. In the "multinode" deploy, OpenStack services can be run on specific hosts. This documentation only describes deploying *all-in-one* method as most simple one. Each method is represented as an Ansible inventory file. More information on the Ansible inventory file can be found in the Ansible `inventory introduction `__. All variables for the environment can be specified in the files: "/etc/kolla/globals.yml" and "/etc/kolla/passwords.yml" Start by editing /etc/kolla/globals.yml. Check and edit, if needed, these parameters: kolla_base_distro, kolla_install_type. The kolla\_\*\_address variables can both be the same. Please specify an unused IP address in the network to act as a VIP for kolla\_internal\_address. The VIP will be used with keepalived and added to the "api\_interface" as specified in the globals.yml :: kolla_external_address: "openstack.example.com" kolla_internal_address: "10.10.10.254" If the environment doesn't have a free IP address available for VIP configuration, the host's IP address may be used here by disabling HAProxy by adding: :: enable_haproxy: "no" Note this method is not recommended and generally not tested by the Kolla community, but included since sometimes a free IP is not available in a testing environment. The "network\_interface" variable is the interface to which Kolla binds API services. For example, when starting up Mariadb it will bind to the IP on the interface list in the "network\_interface" variable. :: network_interface: "eth0" The "neutron\_external\_interface" variable is the interface that will be used for the external bridge in Neutron. Without this bridge the deployment instance traffic will be unable to access the rest of the Internet. In the case of a single interface on a machine, a veth pair may be used where one end of the veth pair is listed here and the other end is in a bridge on the system. :: neutron_external_interface: "eth1" The docker\_pull\_policy specifies whether Docker should always pull images from the repository it is configured for, or only in the case where the image isn't present locally. If building local images without pushing them to the Docker registry or a local registry, please set this value to "missing" or when running deployment Docker will attempt to fetch the latest image upstream. :: docker_pull_policy: "missing" If using a local docker registry, set the docker\_registry information where the local registry is operating on IP address 192.168.1.100 and the port 4000. :: docker_registry: "192.168.1.100:4000" For "all-in-one" deploys, the following commands can be run. These will setup all of the containers on the localhost. These commands will be wrapped in the kolla-script in the future. Note even for all-in-one installs it is possible to use the docker registry for deployment, although not strictly required. :: kolla-ansible deploy In order to see all available parameters, run: :: kolla-ansible -h A bare metal system with Ceph takes 18 minutes to deploy. A virtual machine deployment takes 25 minutes. These are estimates; different hardware may be faster or slower but should be near these results. After successful deployment of OpenStack, the Horizon dashboard will be available by entering IP addr or hostname from "kolla_external_address", or kolla_internal_address in case then kolla_external_address uses kolla_internal_address. Useful tools ------------- View tools/openrc-example for an example of an openrc that may be used with the environment. The following command will initialize an environment with a glance image and neutron networks: :: kolla/tools/init-runonce Debugging Kolla --------------- The container's status can be determined on the deployment targets by executing: :: docker ps -a If any of the containers exited, this indicates a bug in the container. Please seek help by filing a bug or contacting the developers via IRC. The logs can be examined by executing: :: docker exec -it rsyslog bash The logs from all services in all containers may be read from /var/log/SERVICE_NAME If the stdout logs are needed, please run: :: docker logs Note that some of the containers don't log to stdout at present so the above command will provide no information. To learn more about Docker command line operation please refer to `Docker documentation `__.