# Copyright 2010 United States Government as represented by the # Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. # Copyright 2011 Justin Santa Barbara # All Rights Reserved. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may # not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain # a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT # WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the # License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations # under the License. """Utilities and helper functions.""" import contextlib import copy import datetime import errno import functools import hashlib import inspect import mmap import os import pyclbr import random import re import shutil import sys import tempfile import time import eventlet from keystoneauth1 import exceptions as ks_exc from keystoneauth1 import loading as ks_loading import netaddr from os_service_types import service_types from oslo_concurrency import lockutils from oslo_concurrency import processutils from oslo_context import context as common_context from oslo_log import log as logging import oslo_messaging as messaging from oslo_utils import encodeutils from oslo_utils import excutils from oslo_utils import importutils from oslo_utils import strutils from oslo_utils import timeutils from oslo_utils import units import six from six.moves import range import nova.conf from nova import exception from nova.i18n import _, _LE, _LI, _LW import nova.network from nova import safe_utils profiler = importutils.try_import('osprofiler.profiler') CONF = nova.conf.CONF LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__) _IS_NEUTRON = None synchronized = lockutils.synchronized_with_prefix('nova-') SM_IMAGE_PROP_PREFIX = "image_" SM_INHERITABLE_KEYS = ( 'min_ram', 'min_disk', 'disk_format', 'container_format', ) # Keys which hold large structured data that won't fit in the # size constraints of the system_metadata table, so we avoid # storing and/or loading them. SM_SKIP_KEYS = ( # Legacy names 'mappings', 'block_device_mapping', # Modern names 'img_mappings', 'img_block_device_mapping', ) # Image attributes which Cinder stores in volume image metadata # as regular properties VIM_IMAGE_ATTRIBUTES = ( 'image_id', 'image_name', 'size', 'checksum', 'container_format', 'disk_format', 'min_ram', 'min_disk', ) _FILE_CACHE = {} _SERVICE_TYPES = service_types.ServiceTypes() def get_root_helper(): if CONF.workarounds.disable_rootwrap: cmd = 'sudo' else: cmd = 'sudo nova-rootwrap %s' % CONF.rootwrap_config return cmd class RootwrapProcessHelper(object): def trycmd(self, *cmd, **kwargs): kwargs['root_helper'] = get_root_helper() return processutils.trycmd(*cmd, **kwargs) def execute(self, *cmd, **kwargs): kwargs['root_helper'] = get_root_helper() return processutils.execute(*cmd, **kwargs) class RootwrapDaemonHelper(RootwrapProcessHelper): _clients = {} @synchronized('daemon-client-lock') def _get_client(cls, rootwrap_config): try: return cls._clients[rootwrap_config] except KeyError: from oslo_rootwrap import client new_client = client.Client([ "sudo", "nova-rootwrap-daemon", rootwrap_config]) cls._clients[rootwrap_config] = new_client return new_client def __init__(self, rootwrap_config): self.client = self._get_client(rootwrap_config) def trycmd(self, *args, **kwargs): discard_warnings = kwargs.pop('discard_warnings', False) try: out, err = self.execute(*args, **kwargs) failed = False except processutils.ProcessExecutionError as exn: out, err = '', six.text_type(exn) failed = True if not failed and discard_warnings and err: # Handle commands that output to stderr but otherwise succeed err = '' return out, err def execute(self, *cmd, **kwargs): # NOTE(dims): This method is to provide compatibility with the # processutils.execute interface. So that calling daemon or direct # rootwrap to honor the same set of flags in kwargs and to ensure # that we don't regress any current behavior. cmd = [str(c) for c in cmd] loglevel = kwargs.pop('loglevel', logging.DEBUG) log_errors = kwargs.pop('log_errors', None) process_input = kwargs.pop('process_input', None) delay_on_retry = kwargs.pop('delay_on_retry', True) attempts = kwargs.pop('attempts', 1) check_exit_code = kwargs.pop('check_exit_code', [0]) ignore_exit_code = False if isinstance(check_exit_code, bool): ignore_exit_code = not check_exit_code check_exit_code = [0] elif isinstance(check_exit_code, int): check_exit_code = [check_exit_code] sanitized_cmd = strutils.mask_password(' '.join(cmd)) LOG.info(_LI('Executing RootwrapDaemonHelper.execute ' 'cmd=[%(cmd)r] kwargs=[%(kwargs)r]'), {'cmd': sanitized_cmd, 'kwargs': kwargs}) while attempts > 0: attempts -= 1 try: start_time = time.time() LOG.log(loglevel, _('Running cmd (subprocess): %s'), sanitized_cmd) (returncode, out, err) = self.client.execute( cmd, process_input) end_time = time.time() - start_time LOG.log(loglevel, 'CMD "%(sanitized_cmd)s" returned: %(return_code)s ' 'in %(end_time)0.3fs', {'sanitized_cmd': sanitized_cmd, 'return_code': returncode, 'end_time': end_time}) if not ignore_exit_code and returncode not in check_exit_code: out = strutils.mask_password(out) err = strutils.mask_password(err) raise processutils.ProcessExecutionError( exit_code=returncode, stdout=out, stderr=err, cmd=sanitized_cmd) return (out, err) except processutils.ProcessExecutionError as err: # if we want to always log the errors or if this is # the final attempt that failed and we want to log that. if log_errors == processutils.LOG_ALL_ERRORS or ( log_errors == processutils.LOG_FINAL_ERROR and not attempts): format = _('%(desc)r\ncommand: %(cmd)r\n' 'exit code: %(code)r\nstdout: %(stdout)r\n' 'stderr: %(stderr)r') LOG.log(loglevel, format, {"desc": err.description, "cmd": err.cmd, "code": err.exit_code, "stdout": err.stdout, "stderr": err.stderr}) if not attempts: LOG.log(loglevel, _('%r failed. Not Retrying.'), sanitized_cmd) raise else: LOG.log(loglevel, _('%r failed. Retrying.'), sanitized_cmd) if delay_on_retry: time.sleep(random.randint(20, 200) / 100.0) def execute(*cmd, **kwargs): """Convenience wrapper around oslo's execute() method.""" if 'run_as_root' in kwargs and kwargs.get('run_as_root'): if CONF.use_rootwrap_daemon: return RootwrapDaemonHelper(CONF.rootwrap_config).execute( *cmd, **kwargs) else: return RootwrapProcessHelper().execute(*cmd, **kwargs) return processutils.execute(*cmd, **kwargs) def ssh_execute(dest, *cmd, **kwargs): """Convenience wrapper to execute ssh command.""" ssh_cmd = ['ssh', '-o', 'BatchMode=yes'] ssh_cmd.append(dest) ssh_cmd.extend(cmd) return execute(*ssh_cmd, **kwargs) def trycmd(*args, **kwargs): """Convenience wrapper around oslo's trycmd() method.""" if kwargs.get('run_as_root', False): if CONF.use_rootwrap_daemon: return RootwrapDaemonHelper(CONF.rootwrap_config).trycmd( *args, **kwargs) else: return RootwrapProcessHelper().trycmd(*args, **kwargs) return processutils.trycmd(*args, **kwargs) def generate_uid(topic, size=8): characters = '01234567890abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' choices = [random.choice(characters) for _x in range(size)] return '%s-%s' % (topic, ''.join(choices)) # Default symbols to use for passwords. Avoids visually confusing characters. # ~6 bits per symbol DEFAULT_PASSWORD_SYMBOLS = ('23456789', # Removed: 0,1 'ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ', # Removed: I, O 'abcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz') # Removed: l def last_completed_audit_period(unit=None, before=None): """This method gives you the most recently *completed* audit period. arguments: units: string, one of 'hour', 'day', 'month', 'year' Periods normally begin at the beginning (UTC) of the period unit (So a 'day' period begins at midnight UTC, a 'month' unit on the 1st, a 'year' on Jan, 1) unit string may be appended with an optional offset like so: 'day@18' This will begin the period at 18:00 UTC. 'month@15' starts a monthly period on the 15th, and year@3 begins a yearly one on March 1st. before: Give the audit period most recently completed before . Defaults to now. returns: 2 tuple of datetimes (begin, end) The begin timestamp of this audit period is the same as the end of the previous. """ if not unit: unit = CONF.instance_usage_audit_period offset = 0 if '@' in unit: unit, offset = unit.split("@", 1) offset = int(offset) if before is not None: rightnow = before else: rightnow = timeutils.utcnow() if unit not in ('month', 'day', 'year', 'hour'): raise ValueError(_('Time period must be hour, day, month or year')) if unit == 'month': if offset == 0: offset = 1 end = datetime.datetime(day=offset, month=rightnow.month, year=rightnow.year) if end >= rightnow: year = rightnow.year if 1 >= rightnow.month: year -= 1 month = 12 + (rightnow.month - 1) else: month = rightnow.month - 1 end = datetime.datetime(day=offset, month=month, year=year) year = end.year if 1 >= end.month: year -= 1 month = 12 + (end.month - 1) else: month = end.month - 1 begin = datetime.datetime(day=offset, month=month, year=year) elif unit == 'year': if offset == 0: offset = 1 end = datetime.datetime(day=1, month=offset, year=rightnow.year) if end >= rightnow: end = datetime.datetime(day=1, month=offset, year=rightnow.year - 1) begin = datetime.datetime(day=1, month=offset, year=rightnow.year - 2) else: begin = datetime.datetime(day=1, month=offset, year=rightnow.year - 1) elif unit == 'day': end = datetime.datetime(hour=offset, day=rightnow.day, month=rightnow.month, year=rightnow.year) if end >= rightnow: end = end - datetime.timedelta(days=1) begin = end - datetime.timedelta(days=1) elif unit == 'hour': end = rightnow.replace(minute=offset, second=0, microsecond=0) if end >= rightnow: end = end - datetime.timedelta(hours=1) begin = end - datetime.timedelta(hours=1) return (begin, end) def generate_password(length=None, symbolgroups=DEFAULT_PASSWORD_SYMBOLS): """Generate a random password from the supplied symbol groups. At least one symbol from each group will be included. Unpredictable results if length is less than the number of symbol groups. Believed to be reasonably secure (with a reasonable password length!) """ if length is None: length = CONF.password_length r = random.SystemRandom() # NOTE(jerdfelt): Some password policies require at least one character # from each group of symbols, so start off with one random character # from each symbol group password = [r.choice(s) for s in symbolgroups] # If length < len(symbolgroups), the leading characters will only # be from the first length groups. Try our best to not be predictable # by shuffling and then truncating. r.shuffle(password) password = password[:length] length -= len(password) # then fill with random characters from all symbol groups symbols = ''.join(symbolgroups) password.extend([r.choice(symbols) for _i in range(length)]) # finally shuffle to ensure first x characters aren't from a # predictable group r.shuffle(password) return ''.join(password) # TODO(sfinucan): Replace this with the equivalent from oslo.utils def utf8(value): """Try to turn a string into utf-8 if possible. The original code was copied from the utf8 function in http://github.com/facebook/tornado/blob/master/tornado/escape.py """ if value is None or isinstance(value, six.binary_type): return value if not isinstance(value, six.text_type): value = six.text_type(value) return value.encode('utf-8') def parse_server_string(server_str): """Parses the given server_string and returns a tuple of host and port. If it's not a combination of host part and port, the port element is an empty string. If the input is invalid expression, return a tuple of two empty strings. """ try: # First of all, exclude pure IPv6 address (w/o port). if netaddr.valid_ipv6(server_str): return (server_str, '') # Next, check if this is IPv6 address with a port number combination. if server_str.find("]:") != -1: (address, port) = server_str.replace('[', '', 1).split(']:') return (address, port) # Third, check if this is a combination of an address and a port if server_str.find(':') == -1: return (server_str, '') # This must be a combination of an address and a port (address, port) = server_str.split(':') return (address, port) except (ValueError, netaddr.AddrFormatError): LOG.error(_LE('Invalid server_string: %s'), server_str) return ('', '') def get_shortened_ipv6(address): addr = netaddr.IPAddress(address, version=6) return str(addr.ipv6()) def get_shortened_ipv6_cidr(address): net = netaddr.IPNetwork(address, version=6) return str(net.cidr) def safe_ip_format(ip): """Transform ip string to "safe" format. Will return ipv4 addresses unchanged, but will nest ipv6 addresses inside square brackets. """ try: if netaddr.IPAddress(ip).version == 6: return '[%s]' % ip except (TypeError, netaddr.AddrFormatError): # hostname pass # it's IPv4 or hostname return ip def format_remote_path(host, path): """Returns remote path in format acceptable for scp/rsync. If host is IPv6 address literal, return '[host]:path', otherwise 'host:path' is returned. If host is None, only path is returned. """ if host is None: return path return "%s:%s" % (safe_ip_format(host), path) # TODO(mriedem): Remove this in Rocky. def monkey_patch(): """DEPRECATED: If the CONF.monkey_patch set as True, this function patches a decorator for all functions in specified modules. You can set decorators for each modules using CONF.monkey_patch_modules. The format is "Module path:Decorator function". Example: 'nova.api.ec2.cloud:nova.notifications.notify_decorator' Parameters of the decorator is as follows. (See nova.notifications.notify_decorator) name - name of the function function - object of the function """ # If CONF.monkey_patch is not True, this function do nothing. if not CONF.monkey_patch: return LOG.warning('Monkey patching nova is deprecated for removal.') if six.PY2: is_method = inspect.ismethod else: def is_method(obj): # Unbound methods became regular functions on Python 3 return inspect.ismethod(obj) or inspect.isfunction(obj) # Get list of modules and decorators for module_and_decorator in CONF.monkey_patch_modules: module, decorator_name = module_and_decorator.split(':') # import decorator function decorator = importutils.import_class(decorator_name) __import__(module) # Retrieve module information using pyclbr module_data = pyclbr.readmodule_ex(module) for key, value in module_data.items(): # set the decorator for the class methods if isinstance(value, pyclbr.Class): clz = importutils.import_class("%s.%s" % (module, key)) for method, func in inspect.getmembers(clz, is_method): setattr(clz, method, decorator("%s.%s.%s" % (module, key, method), func)) # set the decorator for the function if isinstance(value, pyclbr.Function): func = importutils.import_class("%s.%s" % (module, key)) setattr(sys.modules[module], key, decorator("%s.%s" % (module, key), func)) def make_dev_path(dev, partition=None, base='/dev'): """Return a path to a particular device. >>> make_dev_path('xvdc') /dev/xvdc >>> make_dev_path('xvdc', 1) /dev/xvdc1 """ path = os.path.join(base, dev) if partition: path += str(partition) return path def sanitize_hostname(hostname, default_name=None): """Return a hostname which conforms to RFC-952 and RFC-1123 specs except the length of hostname. Window, Linux, and Dnsmasq has different limitation: Windows: 255 (net_bios limits to 15, but window will truncate it) Linux: 64 Dnsmasq: 63 Due to nova-network will leverage dnsmasq to set hostname, so we chose 63. """ def truncate_hostname(name): if len(name) > 63: LOG.warning(_LW("Hostname %(hostname)s is longer than 63, " "truncate it to %(truncated_name)s"), {'hostname': name, 'truncated_name': name[:63]}) return name[:63] if isinstance(hostname, six.text_type): # Remove characters outside the Unicode range U+0000-U+00FF hostname = hostname.encode('latin-1', 'ignore') if six.PY3: hostname = hostname.decode('latin-1') hostname = truncate_hostname(hostname) hostname = re.sub('[ _]', '-', hostname) hostname = re.sub('[^\w.-]+', '', hostname) hostname = hostname.lower() hostname = hostname.strip('.-') # NOTE(eliqiao): set hostname to default_display_name to avoid # empty hostname if hostname == "" and default_name is not None: return truncate_hostname(default_name) return hostname @contextlib.contextmanager def temporary_mutation(obj, **kwargs): """Temporarily set the attr on a particular object to a given value then revert when finished. One use of this is to temporarily set the read_deleted flag on a context object: with temporary_mutation(context, read_deleted="yes"): do_something_that_needed_deleted_objects() """ def is_dict_like(thing): return hasattr(thing, 'has_key') or isinstance(thing, dict) def get(thing, attr, default): if is_dict_like(thing): return thing.get(attr, default) else: return getattr(thing, attr, default) def set_value(thing, attr, val): if is_dict_like(thing): thing[attr] = val else: setattr(thing, attr, val) def delete(thing, attr): if is_dict_like(thing): del thing[attr] else: delattr(thing, attr) NOT_PRESENT = object() old_values = {} for attr, new_value in kwargs.items(): old_values[attr] = get(obj, attr, NOT_PRESENT) set_value(obj, attr, new_value) try: yield finally: for attr, old_value in old_values.items(): if old_value is NOT_PRESENT: delete(obj, attr) else: set_value(obj, attr, old_value) def generate_mac_address(): """Generate an Ethernet MAC address.""" # NOTE(vish): We would prefer to use 0xfe here to ensure that linux # bridge mac addresses don't change, but it appears to # conflict with libvirt, so we use the next highest octet # that has the unicast and locally administered bits set # properly: 0xfa. # Discussion: https://bugs.launchpad.net/nova/+bug/921838 mac = [0xfa, 0x16, 0x3e, random.randint(0x00, 0xff), random.randint(0x00, 0xff), random.randint(0x00, 0xff)] return ':'.join(map(lambda x: "%02x" % x, mac)) # NOTE(mikal): I really wanted this code to go away, but I can't find a way # to implement what the callers of this method want with privsep. Basically, # if we could hand off either a file descriptor or a file like object then # we could make this go away. @contextlib.contextmanager def temporary_chown(path, owner_uid=None): """Temporarily chown a path. :param owner_uid: UID of temporary owner (defaults to current user) """ if owner_uid is None: owner_uid = os.getuid() orig_uid = os.stat(path).st_uid if orig_uid != owner_uid: nova.privsep.path.chown(path, uid=owner_uid) try: yield finally: if orig_uid != owner_uid: nova.privsep.path.chown(path, uid=orig_uid) @contextlib.contextmanager def tempdir(**kwargs): argdict = kwargs.copy() if 'dir' not in argdict: argdict['dir'] = CONF.tempdir tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp(**argdict) try: yield tmpdir finally: try: shutil.rmtree(tmpdir) except OSError as e: LOG.error(_LE('Could not remove tmpdir: %s'), e) def walk_class_hierarchy(clazz, encountered=None): """Walk class hierarchy, yielding most derived classes first.""" if not encountered: encountered = [] for subclass in clazz.__subclasses__(): if subclass not in encountered: encountered.append(subclass) # drill down to leaves first for subsubclass in walk_class_hierarchy(subclass, encountered): yield subsubclass yield subclass class UndoManager(object): """Provides a mechanism to facilitate rolling back a series of actions when an exception is raised. """ def __init__(self): self.undo_stack = [] def undo_with(self, undo_func): self.undo_stack.append(undo_func) def _rollback(self): for undo_func in reversed(self.undo_stack): undo_func() def rollback_and_reraise(self, msg=None, **kwargs): """Rollback a series of actions then re-raise the exception. .. note:: (sirp) This should only be called within an exception handler. """ with excutils.save_and_reraise_exception(): if msg: LOG.exception(msg, **kwargs) self._rollback() def mkfs(fs, path, label=None, run_as_root=False): """Format a file or block device :param fs: Filesystem type (examples include 'swap', 'ext3', 'ext4' 'btrfs', etc.) :param path: Path to file or block device to format :param label: Volume label to use """ if fs == 'swap': args = ['mkswap'] else: args = ['mkfs', '-t', fs] # add -F to force no interactive execute on non-block device. if fs in ('ext3', 'ext4', 'ntfs'): args.extend(['-F']) if label: if fs in ('msdos', 'vfat'): label_opt = '-n' else: label_opt = '-L' args.extend([label_opt, label]) args.append(path) execute(*args, run_as_root=run_as_root) def metadata_to_dict(metadata, include_deleted=False): result = {} for item in metadata: if not include_deleted and item.get('deleted'): continue result[item['key']] = item['value'] return result def dict_to_metadata(metadata): result = [] for key, value in metadata.items(): result.append(dict(key=key, value=value)) return result def instance_meta(instance): if isinstance(instance['metadata'], dict): return instance['metadata'] else: return metadata_to_dict(instance['metadata']) def instance_sys_meta(instance): if not instance.get('system_metadata'): return {} if isinstance(instance['system_metadata'], dict): return instance['system_metadata'] else: return metadata_to_dict(instance['system_metadata'], include_deleted=True) def expects_func_args(*args): def _decorator_checker(dec): @functools.wraps(dec) def _decorator(f): base_f = safe_utils.get_wrapped_function(f) arg_names, a, kw, _default = inspect.getargspec(base_f) if a or kw or set(args) <= set(arg_names): # NOTE (ndipanov): We can't really tell if correct stuff will # be passed if it's a function with *args or **kwargs so # we still carry on and hope for the best return dec(f) else: raise TypeError("Decorated function %(f_name)s does not " "have the arguments expected by the " "decorator %(d_name)s" % {'f_name': base_f.__name__, 'd_name': dec.__name__}) return _decorator return _decorator_checker class ExceptionHelper(object): """Class to wrap another and translate the ClientExceptions raised by its function calls to the actual ones. """ def __init__(self, target): self._target = target def __getattr__(self, name): func = getattr(self._target, name) @functools.wraps(func) def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): try: return func(*args, **kwargs) except messaging.ExpectedException as e: six.reraise(*e.exc_info) return wrapper def check_string_length(value, name=None, min_length=0, max_length=None): """Check the length of specified string :param value: the value of the string :param name: the name of the string :param min_length: the min_length of the string :param max_length: the max_length of the string """ if not isinstance(value, six.string_types): if name is None: msg = _("The input is not a string or unicode") else: msg = _("%s is not a string or unicode") % name raise exception.InvalidInput(message=msg) if name is None: name = value if len(value) < min_length: msg = _("%(name)s has a minimum character requirement of " "%(min_length)s.") % {'name': name, 'min_length': min_length} raise exception.InvalidInput(message=msg) if max_length and len(value) > max_length: msg = _("%(name)s has more than %(max_length)s " "characters.") % {'name': name, 'max_length': max_length} raise exception.InvalidInput(message=msg) def validate_integer(value, name, min_value=None, max_value=None): """Make sure that value is a valid integer, potentially within range. :param value: value of the integer :param name: name of the integer :param min_value: min_value of the integer :param max_value: max_value of the integer :returns: integer :raise: InvalidInput If value is not a valid integer """ try: return strutils.validate_integer(value, name, min_value, max_value) except ValueError as e: raise exception.InvalidInput(reason=six.text_type(e)) def _serialize_profile_info(): if not profiler: return None prof = profiler.get() trace_info = None if prof: # FIXME(DinaBelova): we'll add profiler.get_info() method # to extract this info -> we'll need to update these lines trace_info = { "hmac_key": prof.hmac_key, "base_id": prof.get_base_id(), "parent_id": prof.get_id() } return trace_info def spawn(func, *args, **kwargs): """Passthrough method for eventlet.spawn. This utility exists so that it can be stubbed for testing without interfering with the service spawns. It will also grab the context from the threadlocal store and add it to the store on the new thread. This allows for continuity in logging the context when using this method to spawn a new thread. """ _context = common_context.get_current() profiler_info = _serialize_profile_info() @functools.wraps(func) def context_wrapper(*args, **kwargs): # NOTE: If update_store is not called after spawn it won't be # available for the logger to pull from threadlocal storage. if _context is not None: _context.update_store() if profiler_info and profiler: profiler.init(**profiler_info) return func(*args, **kwargs) return eventlet.spawn(context_wrapper, *args, **kwargs) def spawn_n(func, *args, **kwargs): """Passthrough method for eventlet.spawn_n. This utility exists so that it can be stubbed for testing without interfering with the service spawns. It will also grab the context from the threadlocal store and add it to the store on the new thread. This allows for continuity in logging the context when using this method to spawn a new thread. """ _context = common_context.get_current() profiler_info = _serialize_profile_info() @functools.wraps(func) def context_wrapper(*args, **kwargs): # NOTE: If update_store is not called after spawn_n it won't be # available for the logger to pull from threadlocal storage. if _context is not None: _context.update_store() if profiler_info and profiler: profiler.init(**profiler_info) func(*args, **kwargs) eventlet.spawn_n(context_wrapper, *args, **kwargs) def is_none_string(val): """Check if a string represents a None value. """ if not isinstance(val, six.string_types): return False return val.lower() == 'none' def is_neutron(): global _IS_NEUTRON if _IS_NEUTRON is not None: return _IS_NEUTRON _IS_NEUTRON = nova.network.is_neutron() return _IS_NEUTRON def is_auto_disk_config_disabled(auto_disk_config_raw): auto_disk_config_disabled = False if auto_disk_config_raw is not None: adc_lowered = auto_disk_config_raw.strip().lower() if adc_lowered == "disabled": auto_disk_config_disabled = True return auto_disk_config_disabled def get_auto_disk_config_from_instance(instance=None, sys_meta=None): if sys_meta is None: sys_meta = instance_sys_meta(instance) return sys_meta.get("image_auto_disk_config") def get_auto_disk_config_from_image_props(image_properties): return image_properties.get("auto_disk_config") def get_system_metadata_from_image(image_meta, flavor=None): system_meta = {} prefix_format = SM_IMAGE_PROP_PREFIX + '%s' for key, value in image_meta.get('properties', {}).items(): if key in SM_SKIP_KEYS: continue new_value = safe_truncate(six.text_type(value), 255) system_meta[prefix_format % key] = new_value for key in SM_INHERITABLE_KEYS: value = image_meta.get(key) if key == 'min_disk' and flavor: if image_meta.get('disk_format') == 'vhd': value = flavor['root_gb'] else: value = max(value or 0, flavor['root_gb']) if value is None: continue system_meta[prefix_format % key] = value return system_meta def get_image_from_system_metadata(system_meta): image_meta = {} properties = {} if not isinstance(system_meta, dict): system_meta = metadata_to_dict(system_meta, include_deleted=True) for key, value in system_meta.items(): if value is None: continue # NOTE(xqueralt): Not sure this has to inherit all the properties or # just the ones we need. Leaving it for now to keep the old behaviour. if key.startswith(SM_IMAGE_PROP_PREFIX): key = key[len(SM_IMAGE_PROP_PREFIX):] if key in SM_SKIP_KEYS: continue if key in SM_INHERITABLE_KEYS: image_meta[key] = value else: properties[key] = value image_meta['properties'] = properties return image_meta def get_image_metadata_from_volume(volume): properties = copy.copy(volume.get('volume_image_metadata', {})) image_meta = {'properties': properties} # Volume size is no longer related to the original image size, # so we take it from the volume directly. Cinder creates # volumes in Gb increments, and stores size in Gb, whereas # glance reports size in bytes. As we're returning glance # metadata here, we need to convert it. image_meta['size'] = volume.get('size', 0) * units.Gi # NOTE(yjiang5): restore the basic attributes # NOTE(mdbooth): These values come from volume_glance_metadata # in cinder. This is a simple key/value table, and all values # are strings. We need to convert them to ints to avoid # unexpected type errors. for attr in VIM_IMAGE_ATTRIBUTES: val = properties.pop(attr, None) if attr in ('min_ram', 'min_disk'): image_meta[attr] = int(val or 0) # NOTE(yjiang5): Always set the image status as 'active' # and depends on followed volume_api.check_attach() to # verify it. This hack should be harmless with that check. image_meta['status'] = 'active' return image_meta def get_hash_str(base_str): """Returns string that represents MD5 hash of base_str (in hex format). If base_str is a Unicode string, encode it to UTF-8. """ if isinstance(base_str, six.text_type): base_str = base_str.encode('utf-8') return hashlib.md5(base_str).hexdigest() def get_sha256_str(base_str): """Returns string that represents sha256 hash of base_str (in hex format). sha1 and md5 are known to be breakable, so sha256 is a better option when the hash is being used for security purposes. If hashing passwords or anything else that needs to be retained for a long period a salted hash is better. """ if isinstance(base_str, six.text_type): base_str = base_str.encode('utf-8') return hashlib.sha256(base_str).hexdigest() def get_obj_repr_unicode(obj): """Returns a string representation of an object converted to unicode. In the case of python 3, this just returns the repr() of the object, else it converts the repr() to unicode. """ obj_repr = repr(obj) if not six.PY3: obj_repr = six.text_type(obj_repr, 'utf-8') return obj_repr def filter_and_format_resource_metadata(resource_type, resource_list, search_filts, metadata_type=None): """Get all metadata for a list of resources after filtering. Search_filts is a list of dictionaries, where the values in the dictionary can be string or regex string, or a list of strings/regex strings. Let's call a dict a 'filter block' and an item in the dict a 'filter'. A tag is returned if it matches ALL the filters in a filter block. If more than one values are specified for a filter, a tag is returned if it matches ATLEAST ONE value of the filter. If more than one filter blocks are specified, the tag should match ALL the filter blocks. For example: search_filts = [{'key': ['key1', 'key2'], 'value': 'val1'}, {'value': 'val2'}] The filter translates to 'match any tag for which': ((key=key1 AND value=val1) OR (key=key2 AND value=val1)) AND (value=val2) This example filter will never match a tag. :param resource_type: The resource type as a string, e.g. 'instance' :param resource_list: List of resource objects :param search_filts: Filters to filter metadata to be returned. Can be dict (e.g. {'key': 'env', 'value': 'prod'}, or a list of dicts (e.g. [{'key': 'env'}, {'value': 'beta'}]. Note that the values of the dict can be regular expressions. :param metadata_type: Provided to search for a specific metadata type (e.g. 'system_metadata') :returns: List of dicts where each dict is of the form {'key': 'somekey', 'value': 'somevalue', 'instance_id': 'some-instance-uuid-aaa'} if resource_type is 'instance'. """ if isinstance(search_filts, dict): search_filts = [search_filts] def _get_id(resource): if resource_type == 'instance': return resource.get('uuid') def _match_any(pattern_list, string): if isinstance(pattern_list, str): pattern_list = [pattern_list] return any([re.match(pattern, string) for pattern in pattern_list]) def _filter_metadata(resource, search_filt, input_metadata): ids = search_filt.get('resource_id', []) keys_filter = search_filt.get('key', []) values_filter = search_filt.get('value', []) output_metadata = {} if ids and _get_id(resource) not in ids: return {} for k, v in input_metadata.items(): # Both keys and value defined -- AND if (keys_filter and values_filter and not _match_any(keys_filter, k) and not _match_any(values_filter, v)): continue # Only keys or value is defined elif ((keys_filter and not _match_any(keys_filter, k)) or (values_filter and not _match_any(values_filter, v))): continue output_metadata[k] = v return output_metadata formatted_metadata_list = [] for res in resource_list: if resource_type == 'instance': # NOTE(rushiagr): metadata_type should be 'metadata' or # 'system_metadata' if resource_type is instance. Defaulting to # 'metadata' if not specified. if metadata_type is None: metadata_type = 'metadata' metadata = res.get(metadata_type, {}) for filt in search_filts: # By chaining the input to the output, the filters are # ANDed together metadata = _filter_metadata(res, filt, metadata) for (k, v) in metadata.items(): formatted_metadata_list.append({'key': k, 'value': v, '%s_id' % resource_type: _get_id(res)}) return formatted_metadata_list def safe_truncate(value, length): """Safely truncates unicode strings such that their encoded length is no greater than the length provided. """ b_value = encodeutils.safe_encode(value)[:length] # NOTE(chaochin) UTF-8 character byte size varies from 1 to 6. If # truncating a long byte string to 255, the last character may be # cut in the middle, so that UnicodeDecodeError will occur when # converting it back to unicode. decode_ok = False while not decode_ok: try: u_value = encodeutils.safe_decode(b_value) decode_ok = True except UnicodeDecodeError: b_value = b_value[:-1] return u_value def read_cached_file(filename, force_reload=False): """Read from a file if it has been modified. :param force_reload: Whether to reload the file. :returns: A tuple with a boolean specifying if the data is fresh or not. """ global _FILE_CACHE if force_reload: delete_cached_file(filename) reloaded = False mtime = os.path.getmtime(filename) cache_info = _FILE_CACHE.setdefault(filename, {}) if not cache_info or mtime > cache_info.get('mtime', 0): LOG.debug("Reloading cached file %s", filename) with open(filename) as fap: cache_info['data'] = fap.read() cache_info['mtime'] = mtime reloaded = True return (reloaded, cache_info['data']) def delete_cached_file(filename): """Delete cached file if present. :param filename: filename to delete """ global _FILE_CACHE if filename in _FILE_CACHE: del _FILE_CACHE[filename] def isotime(at=None): """Current time as ISO string, as timeutils.isotime() is deprecated :returns: Current time in ISO format """ if not at: at = timeutils.utcnow() date_string = at.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S") tz = at.tzinfo.tzname(None) if at.tzinfo else 'UTC' date_string += ('Z' if tz in ['UTC', 'UTC+00:00'] else tz) return date_string def strtime(at): return at.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f") def get_ksa_adapter(service_type, ksa_auth=None, ksa_session=None, min_version=None, max_version=None): """Construct a keystoneauth1 Adapter for a given service type. We expect to find a conf group whose name corresponds to the service_type's project according to the service-types-authority. That conf group must provide at least ksa adapter options. Depending how the result is to be used, ksa auth and/or session options may also be required, or the relevant parameter supplied. :param service_type: String name of the service type for which the Adapter is to be constructed. :param ksa_auth: A keystoneauth1 auth plugin. If not specified, we attempt to find one in ksa_session. Failing that, we attempt to load one from the conf. :param ksa_session: A keystoneauth1 Session. If not specified, we attempt to load one from the conf. :param min_version: The minimum major version of the adapter's endpoint, intended to be used as the lower bound of a range with max_version. If min_version is given with no max_version it is as if max version is 'latest'. :param max_version: The maximum major version of the adapter's endpoint, intended to be used as the upper bound of a range with min_version. :return: A keystoneauth1 Adapter object for the specified service_type. :raise: ConfGroupForServiceTypeNotFound If no conf group name could be found for the specified service_type. """ # Get the conf group corresponding to the service type. confgrp = _SERVICE_TYPES.get_project_name(service_type) if not confgrp or not hasattr(CONF, confgrp): # Try the service type as the conf group. This is necessary for e.g. # placement, while it's still part of the nova project. # Note that this might become the first thing we try if/as we move to # using service types for conf group names in general. confgrp = service_type if not confgrp or not hasattr(CONF, confgrp): raise exception.ConfGroupForServiceTypeNotFound(stype=service_type) # Ensure we have an auth. # NOTE(efried): This could be None, and that could be okay - e.g. if the # result is being used for get_endpoint() and the conf only contains # endpoint_override. if not ksa_auth: if ksa_session and ksa_session.auth: ksa_auth = ksa_session.auth else: ksa_auth = ks_loading.load_auth_from_conf_options(CONF, confgrp) if not ksa_session: ksa_session = ks_loading.load_session_from_conf_options( CONF, confgrp, auth=ksa_auth) return ks_loading.load_adapter_from_conf_options( CONF, confgrp, session=ksa_session, auth=ksa_auth, min_version=min_version, max_version=max_version) def get_endpoint(ksa_adapter): """Get the endpoint URL represented by a keystoneauth1 Adapter. This method is equivalent to what ksa_adapter.get_endpoint() should do, if it weren't for a panoply of bugs. :param ksa_adapter: keystoneauth1.adapter.Adapter, appropriately set up with an endpoint_override; or service_type, interface (list) and auth/service_catalog. :return: String endpoint URL. :raise EndpointNotFound: If endpoint discovery fails. """ # TODO(efried): This will be unnecessary once bug #1707993 is fixed. # (At least for the non-image case, until 1707995 is fixed.) if ksa_adapter.endpoint_override: return ksa_adapter.endpoint_override # TODO(efried): Remove this once bug #1707995 is fixed. if ksa_adapter.service_type == 'image': try: return ksa_adapter.get_endpoint_data().catalog_url except AttributeError: # ksa_adapter.auth is a _ContextAuthPlugin, which doesn't have # get_endpoint_data. Fall through to using get_endpoint(). pass # TODO(efried): The remainder of this method reduces to # TODO(efried): return ksa_adapter.get_endpoint() # TODO(efried): once bug #1709118 is fixed. # NOTE(efried): Id9bd19cca68206fc64d23b0eaa95aa3e5b01b676 may also do the # trick, once it's in a ksa release. # The EndpointNotFound exception happens when _ContextAuthPlugin is in play # because its get_endpoint() method isn't yet set up to handle interface as # a list. (It could also happen with a real auth if the endpoint isn't # there; but that's covered below.) try: return ksa_adapter.get_endpoint() except ks_exc.EndpointNotFound: pass interfaces = list(ksa_adapter.interface) for interface in interfaces: ksa_adapter.interface = interface try: return ksa_adapter.get_endpoint() except ks_exc.EndpointNotFound: pass raise ks_exc.EndpointNotFound( "Could not find requested endpoint for any of the following " "interfaces: %s" % interfaces) def supports_direct_io(dirpath): if not hasattr(os, 'O_DIRECT'): LOG.debug("This python runtime does not support direct I/O") return False testfile = os.path.join(dirpath, ".directio.test") hasDirectIO = True fd = None try: fd = os.open(testfile, os.O_CREAT | os.O_WRONLY | os.O_DIRECT) # Check is the write allowed with 4096 byte alignment align_size = 4096 m = mmap.mmap(-1, align_size) m.write(b"x" * align_size) os.write(fd, m) LOG.debug("Path '%(path)s' supports direct I/O", {'path': dirpath}) except OSError as e: if e.errno == errno.EINVAL: LOG.debug("Path '%(path)s' does not support direct I/O: " "'%(ex)s'", {'path': dirpath, 'ex': e}) hasDirectIO = False else: with excutils.save_and_reraise_exception(): LOG.error("Error on '%(path)s' while checking " "direct I/O: '%(ex)s'", {'path': dirpath, 'ex': e}) except Exception as e: with excutils.save_and_reraise_exception(): LOG.error("Error on '%(path)s' while checking direct I/O: " "'%(ex)s'", {'path': dirpath, 'ex': e}) finally: # ensure unlink(filepath) will actually remove the file by deleting # the remaining link to it in close(fd) if fd is not None: os.close(fd) try: os.unlink(testfile) except Exception: pass return hasDirectIO