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Andreas Jaeger 2014-08-13 19:51:21 +02:00
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launches a public cloud instance.</para> launches a public cloud instance.</para>
<para>There are commercially available options, such as <para>There are commercially available options, such as
Rightscale, and open source options, such as ManageIQ Rightscale, and open source options, such as ManageIQ
(http://manageiq.org/), but there is no single CMP that can (<link xlink:href="http://manageiq.org/">http://manageiq.org</link>),
but there is no single CMP that can
address all needs in all scenarios. Whereas most of the address all needs in all scenarios. Whereas most of the
sections of this book talk about the aspects of OpenStack, an sections of this book talk about the aspects of OpenStack, an
architect needs to consider when designing an OpenStack architect needs to consider when designing an OpenStack

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<para>Ensure that the design can accommodate the regular <para>Ensure that the design can accommodate the regular
periodic installation of application security patches while periodic installation of application security patches while
maintaining the required workloads. The frequency of security maintaining the required workloads. The frequency of security
patches for the proposed OS - hypervisor combination will have an patches for the proposed OS-hypervisor combination will have an
impact on performance and the patch installation process could impact on performance and the patch installation process could
affect maintenance windows.</para> affect maintenance windows.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>

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<para>Also consider several specialized components:</para> <para>Also consider several specialized components:</para>
<itemizedlist> <itemizedlist>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Orchestration module (heat)</para> <para><glossterm>Orchestration</glossterm> module
(<glossterm>heat</glossterm>)</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
<para>It is safe to assume that, given the nature of the <para>It is safe to assume that, given the nature of the

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certain components that will always be present, (Compute and certain components that will always be present, (Compute and
Image Service, for example) there are other services that may not be Image Service, for example) there are other services that may not be
required. As an example, a certain design might not need required. As an example, a certain design might not need
Orchestration. Omitting Orchestration would not have a significant <glossterm>Orchestration</glossterm>. Omitting
Orchestration would not have a significant
impact on the overall design of a cloud; however, if the impact on the overall design of a cloud; however, if the
architecture uses a replacement for OpenStack Object Storage for its architecture uses a replacement for OpenStack Object Storage for its
storage component, it could potentially have significant storage component, it could potentially have significant

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<para>There is also a potential to leverage the Orchestration and <para>There is also a potential to leverage the Orchestration and
Telemetry modules to provide an auto-scaling, Telemetry modules to provide an auto-scaling,
orchestrated web application environment. Defining the web orchestrated web application environment. Defining the web
applications in Heat Orchestration Templates (HOT) would applications in <glossterm
baseform="Heat Orchestration Template (HOT)">Heat Orchestration Templates (HOT)</glossterm>
would
negate the reliance on the scripted Puppet solution currently negate the reliance on the scripted Puppet solution currently
employed.</para> employed.</para>
<para>OpenStack Networking can be used to control hardware load <para>OpenStack Networking can be used to control hardware load

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cloud, the next design choice which will affect your design is cloud, the next design choice which will affect your design is
the choice of network service which will be used to service the choice of network service which will be used to service
instances in the cloud. The choice between legacy networking (nova-network), as a instances in the cloud. The choice between legacy networking (nova-network), as a
part of OpenStack Compute Service, and OpenStack Networking part of OpenStack Compute, and OpenStack Networking
(neutron), has tremendous implications and will have (neutron), has tremendous implications and will have
a huge impact on the architecture and design of the cloud a huge impact on the architecture and design of the cloud
network infrastructure.</para> network infrastructure.</para>
@ -313,7 +313,7 @@
the distribution vendor's OpenStack packages might be a the distribution vendor's OpenStack packages might be a
requirement for support).</para> requirement for support).</para>
<para>OS selection also directly influences hypervisor selection. <para>OS selection also directly influences hypervisor selection.
A cloud architect who selects Ubuntu or RHEL has some A cloud architect who selects Ubuntu, RHEL, or SLES has some
flexibility in hypervisor; KVM, Xen, and LXC are supported flexibility in hypervisor; KVM, Xen, and LXC are supported
virtualization methods available under OpenStack Compute virtualization methods available under OpenStack Compute
(nova) on these Linux distributions. A cloud architect who (nova) on these Linux distributions. A cloud architect who
@ -321,25 +321,35 @@
Server. Similarly, a cloud architect who selects XenServer is Server. Similarly, a cloud architect who selects XenServer is
limited to the CentOS-based dom0 operating system provided limited to the CentOS-based dom0 operating system provided
with XenServer.</para> with XenServer.</para>
<para>The primary factors that play into OS/hypervisor selection <para>The primary factors that play into OS-hypervisor selection
include:</para> include:</para>
<itemizedlist> <variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>User requirements</term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>User requirements: The selection of OS/hypervisor <para>The selection of OS-hypervisor
combination first and foremost needs to support the combination first and foremost needs to support the
user requirements.</para> user requirements.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Support</term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Support: The selected OS/hypervisor combination <para>The selected OS-hypervisor combination
needs to be supported by OpenStack.</para> needs to be supported by OpenStack.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Interoperability</term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Interoperability: The OS/hypervisor needs to be <para>The OS-hypervisor needs to be
interoperable with other features and services in the interoperable with other features and services in the
OpenStack design in order to meet the user OpenStack design in order to meet the user
requirements.</para> requirements.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</itemizedlist></section> </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</section>
<section xml:id="hypervisor-tech-considerations"> <section xml:id="hypervisor-tech-considerations">
<title>Hypervisor</title> <title>Hypervisor</title>
<para>OpenStack supports a wide variety of hypervisors, one or <para>OpenStack supports a wide variety of hypervisors, one or
@ -347,7 +357,7 @@
include:</para> include:</para>
<itemizedlist> <itemizedlist>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>KVM (and Qemu)</para> <para>KVM (and QEMU)</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>XCP/XenServer</para> <para>XCP/XenServer</para>
@ -408,29 +418,38 @@
in a general purpose cloud are:</para> in a general purpose cloud are:</para>
<itemizedlist> <itemizedlist>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>OpenStack Compute (nova)</para> <para>OpenStack <glossterm>Compute</glossterm>
(<glossterm>nova</glossterm>)</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>OpenStack Networking (neutron)</para> <para>OpenStack <glossterm>Networking</glossterm>
(<glossterm>neutron</glossterm>)</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>OpenStack Image Service (glance)</para> <para>OpenStack <glossterm>Image Service</glossterm>
(<glossterm>glance</glossterm>)</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>OpenStack Identity (keystone)</para> <para>OpenStack <glossterm>Identity</glossterm>
(<glossterm>keystone</glossterm>)</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>OpenStack dashboard (horizon)</para> <para>OpenStack <glossterm>dashboard</glossterm>
(<glossterm>horizon</glossterm>)</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Telemetry module (ceilometer)</para> <para><glossterm>Telemetry</glossterm> module
(<glossterm>ceilometer</glossterm>)</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
<para>A general purpose cloud may also include OpenStack Object <para>A general purpose cloud may also include OpenStack
Storage (swift). OpenStack Block Storage (cinder) may be <glossterm>Object Storage</glossterm> (<glossterm>swift</glossterm>).
OpenStack <glossterm>Block Storage</glossterm>
(<glossterm>cinder</glossterm>) may be
selected to provide persistent storage to applications and selected to provide persistent storage to applications and
instances although, depending on the use case, this could be instances although, depending on the use case, this could be
optional.</para></section> optional.</para>
</section>
<section xml:id="supplemental-software-tech-considerations"> <section xml:id="supplemental-software-tech-considerations">
<title>Supplemental software</title> <title>Supplemental software</title>
<para>A general purpose OpenStack deployment consists of more than <para>A general purpose OpenStack deployment consists of more than
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implementations are also made highly available. This high implementations are also made highly available. This high
availability can be achieved by using software such as availability can be achieved by using software such as
Keepalived or Pacemaker with Corosync. Pacemaker and Corosync Keepalived or Pacemaker with Corosync. Pacemaker and Corosync
can provide Active-Active or Active-Passive highly available can provide active-active or active-passive highly available
configuration depending on the specific service in the configuration depending on the specific service in the
OpenStack environment. Using this software can affect the OpenStack environment. Using this software can affect the
design as it assumes at least a 2-node controller design as it assumes at least a 2-node controller

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<?dbhtml stop-chunking?> <?dbhtml stop-chunking?>
<title>User requirements</title> <title>User requirements</title>
<para>The general purpose cloud is built following the <para>The general purpose cloud is built following the
Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) model; as a platform best <glossterm baseform="IaaS">Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)</glossterm>
model; as a platform best
suited for use cases with simple requirements. The general suited for use cases with simple requirements. The general
purpose cloud user requirements themselves are typically not purpose cloud user requirements themselves are typically not
complex. However, it is still important to capture them even complex. However, it is still important to capture them even
if the project has minimum business and technical requirements if the project has minimum business and technical requirements
such as a Proof of Concept (PoC) or a small lab such as a proof of concept (PoC) or a small lab
platform.</para> platform.</para>
<para>These user considerations are written from the perspective <para>These user considerations are written from the perspective
of the organization that is building the cloud, not from the of the organization that is building the cloud, not from the

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<title>How this book is organized</title> <title>How this book is organized</title>
<para>This book has been organized into various chapters that help <para>This book has been organized into various chapters that help
define the use cases associated with making architectural define the use cases associated with making architectural
choices related to an OpenStack cloud installation. Each choices related to an <glossterm>OpenStack</glossterm> cloud
installation. Each
chapter is intended to stand alone to encourage individual chapter is intended to stand alone to encourage individual
chapter readability, however each chapter is designed to chapter readability, however each chapter is designed to
contain useful information that may be applicable in contain useful information that may be applicable in