diff --git a/doc/networking-guide/source/intro-networking-components.rst b/doc/networking-guide/source/intro-networking-components.rst index c58f5dee6d..740920b233 100644 --- a/doc/networking-guide/source/intro-networking-components.rst +++ b/doc/networking-guide/source/intro-networking-components.rst @@ -5,27 +5,46 @@ Network components Switches ~~~~~~~~ -A switch is a device that is used to connect devices on a network. -Switches forward packets on to other devices, using packet switching to -pass data along only to devices that need to receive it. Switches operate -at layer 2 of the OSI model. +Switches are devices that enable packets to travel from one node to +another. They are Multi-Input Multi-Output devices. Switches connect +hosts that belong to the same layer-2 network together. Switches enable +forwarding of the packet received on one port (input) to another port +(output) so that they reach the desired destination node. Switches operate +at layer-2 in the networking model. They forward the traffic based on the +destination Ethernet address in the packet header. Routers ~~~~~~~ -A router is a networking device that connects multiple networks -together. Routers are connected to two or more networks. When they -receive data packets, they use a routing table to determine which -networks to pass the information to. +Routers are special devices that enable packets to travel from one +layer-3 network to another. Routers enable communication between two nodes +on different layer-3 networks that are not directly connected to each other. +Routers operate at layer-3 in the networking model. They route the traffic +based on the destination IP address in the packet header. Firewalls ~~~~~~~~~ -A firewall is a network device that controls the incoming and outgoing -network traffic based on an applied rule set. +Firewalls are used to regulate traffic to and from a host or a network. +Firewalls can either be a specialized device connecting two networks or can +be a software-based filtering mechanism implemented on an operating system. +Firewalls are used to restrict traffic to a host based on the rules +defined on the host. They can filter packets based on several criteria such as +source IP address, destination IP address, port numbers, connection state, +and so on. It is primarily used to protect the hosts from unauthorized access +and malicious attacks. Linux-based operating systems implement firewalls +through ``iptables``. Load balancers ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -A load balancer is a network device that distributes network or application -traffic across a number of servers. +A load balancer can be a software-based or a hardware-based device that allows +traffic to be evenly distributed across several servers. By distributing the +traffic across multiple servers, it avoids overload of a single server thereby +preventing a single point of failure in the product. This further improves the +performance, network throughput, and response time of the servers. +Load balancers are typically used in a 3-tier architecture. In this model, +a load balancer receives a request from the front-end web server, +which then forwards the request to one of the available back-end database +servers for processing. The response from the database server is passed back to +the web server for further processing.