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doc/training-guides/module001-ch003-core-projects.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:id="module001-ch003-core-projects">
<title>OpenStack Projects, History and Releases Overview</title>
<title>OpenStack Projects, History, and Releases Overview</title>
<para><guilabel>Project history and releases overview.</guilabel></para>
<para>OpenStack is a cloud computing project to provide an
infrastructure as a service (IaaS). It is free open source
@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
Hosting, Red Hat, SUSE Linux, VMware, and Yahoo!</para>
<para>The technology consists of a series of interrelated projects
that control pools of processing, storage, and networking
resources throughout a datacenter, all managed through a dashboard
that gives administrators control while empowering its users to
provision resources through a web interface.</para>
resources throughout a data center, all managed through a
dashboard that gives administrators control while empowering its
users to provision resources through a web interface.</para>
<para>The OpenStack community collaborates around a six-month,
time-based release cycle with frequent development milestones.
During the planning phase of each release, the community gathers
@ -25,13 +25,12 @@
<para>In July 2010 Rackspace Hosting and NASA jointly launched an
open-source cloud-software initiative known as OpenStack. The
OpenStack project intended to help organizations which offer
cloud-computing services running on standard hardware. The
community’s first official release, code-named Austin, appeared
four months later, with plans to release regular updates of the
software every few months. The early code came from NASA’s Nebula
platform as well as from Rackspace’s Cloud Files platform. In July
2011 developers of the Ubuntu Linux distribution decided to adopt
OpenStack.</para>
cloud-computing services running on standard hardware. The first
official release, code-named Austin, appeared four months later,
with plans to release regular updates of the software every few
months. The early code came from the NASA Nebula platform and from
the Rackspace Cloud Files platform. In July 2011, Ubuntu Linux
developers adopted OpenStack.</para>
<para><emphasis role="bold">OpenStack Releases</emphasis></para>
<informaltable class="c20">
<tbody>
@ -85,7 +84,7 @@
Horizon, Keystone, Neutron, Cinder</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">IceHouse</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Icehouse</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">April 2014</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nova, Glance, Swift,
Horizon, Keystone, Neutron, Cinder, (More to be
@ -147,9 +146,9 @@
<para>GridCentric</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>and many more such users of OpenStack make it a true open
standard innovating and driving the worlds biggest Open Cloud
Standards (more on User Stories here <link xlink:href="http://goo.gl/aF4lsL">http://goo.gl/aF4lsL</link>).</para>
<para>OpenStack is a true and innovative open standard. For more
user stories, see <link xlink:href="http://goo.gl/aF4lsL"
>http://goo.gl/aF4lsL</link>.</para>
<para><guilabel>Release Cycle</guilabel></para>
<figure>
<title>Community Heartbeat</title>
@ -172,44 +171,28 @@
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<para>In a Nutshell, OpenStack...</para>
<para>The creation of OpenStack took an estimated 249 years of
effort (COCOMO model).</para>
<para>In a nutshell, OpenStack has:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>has had 64,396 commits made by 1,128 contributors</para>
<para>64,396 commits made by 1,128 contributors, with its
first commit made in May, 2010.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>representing 908,491 lines of code</para>
<para>908,491 lines of code. OpenStack is written mostly in
Python with an average number of source code comments.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>A code base with a long source history.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>is mostly written in Python</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>with an average number of source code comments</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>has a codebase with a long source history</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>maintained by a very large development team</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>with increasing Y-O-Y commits</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>took an estimated 249 years of effort (COCOMO
model)</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>starting with its first commit in May, 2010. (I have
deliberately not</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>included the last commit date since this is an active
project with</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>people working on it from all around the world).</para>
</listitem>
<para>Increasing Y-O-Y commits.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>A very large development team comprised of people from
around the world.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<figure>
<title>Programming Languages used to design OpenStack</title>
@ -223,12 +206,11 @@
http://www.openstack.org or http://goo.gl/4q7nVI. Common
questions and answers are also covered here.</para>
<para><guilabel>Core Projects Overview</guilabel></para>
<para>Let’s take a dive into some of the technical aspects of OpenStack.
Its scalability and flexibility are a few of the awesome
features that make it a rock-solid cloud computing platform. The
OpenSource Nature of it and the fact that it is Community
driven are explicitly meant to serve the OpenSource community
and its demands.</para>
<para>Let's take a dive into some of the technical aspects of
OpenStack. Its scalability and flexibility are a few of the
awesome features that make it a rock-solid cloud computing
platform. The OpenStack core projects serve the community and its
demands.</para>
<para>Being a cloud computing platform, OpenStack consists of many
core and incubated projects which makes it really good
as an IaaS cloud computing platform/Operating System. But the
@ -251,9 +233,9 @@
machines. Compute resources are accessible via APIs for
developers building cloud applications and via web interfaces
for administrators and users. The compute architecture is
designed to scale horizontally on standard hardware. </para>
designed to scale horizontally on standard hardware.</para>
<figure>
<title>OpenStack Compute:Provision and manage large networks of
<title>OpenStack Compute: Provision and manage large networks of
virtual machines</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
@ -419,24 +401,23 @@
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para><guisubmenu>Networking(Neutron)</guisubmenu></para>
<para>Today's datacenter networks contain more devices than ever
before. From servers, network equipment, storage systems and
security appliances, many of which are further divided into
virtual machines and virtual networks. The number of IP
addresses, routing configurations and security rules can
quickly grow into the millions. Traditional network management
techniques fall short of providing a truly scalable, automated
approach to managing these next-generation networks. At the
same time, users expect more control and flexibility with
quicker provisioning.</para>
<para>Today's data center networks contain more devices than
ever before. From servers, network equipment, storage systems and
security appliances, many of which are further divided into
virtual machines and virtual networks. The number of IP addresses,
routing configurations and security rules can quickly grow into
the millions. Traditional network management techniques fall short
of providing a truly scalable, automated approach to managing
these next-generation networks. At the same time, users expect
more control and flexibility with quicker provisioning.</para>
<para>OpenStack Networking is a pluggable, scalable and
API-driven system for managing networks and IP addresses. Like
other aspects of the cloud operating system, it can be used by
administrators and users to increase the value of existing
datacenter assets. OpenStack Networking ensures the network
will not be the bottleneck or limiting factor in a cloud
deployment and gives users real self-service, even over their
network configurations.</para>
API-driven system for managing networks and IP addresses. Like
other aspects of the cloud operating system, it can be used by
administrators and users to increase the value of existing data
center assets. OpenStack Networking ensures the network will not
be the bottleneck or limiting factor in a cloud deployment and
gives users real self-service, even over their network
configurations.</para>
<figure>
<title>OpenStack Networking: Pluggable, scalable, API-driven
network and IP management</title>
@ -511,35 +492,33 @@
</itemizedlist>
<para><guisubmenu>Dashboard(Horizon)</guisubmenu></para>
<para>OpenStack Dashboard (Horizon) provides administrators and
users a graphical interface to access, provision and automate
cloud-based resources. The design allows for third party
products and services, such as billing, monitoring and
additional management tools. The dashboard is also brandable
for service providers and other commercial vendors who want to
make use of it.</para>
users a graphical interface to access, provision and automate
cloud-based resources. The design allows for third party products
and services, such as billing, monitoring and additional
management tools. Service providers and other commercial vendors
can customize the dashboard with their own brand.</para>
<para>The dashboard is just one way to interact with OpenStack
resources. Developers can automate access or build tools to
manage their resources using the native OpenStack API or the
EC2 compatibility API.</para>
<para><guisubmenu>Identity Service(Keystone)</guisubmenu></para>
<para>OpenStack Identity (Keystone) provides a central directory
of users mapped to the OpenStack services they can access. It
acts as a common authentication system across the cloud
operating system and can integrate with existing backend
directory services like LDAP. It supports multiple forms of
authentication including standard username and password
credentials, token-based systems and AWS-style (i.e. Amazon
Web Services) logins. Additionally, the catalog provides a
queryable list of all of the services deployed in an OpenStack
cloud in a single registry. Users and third-party tools can
programmatically determine which resources they can
access.</para>
of users mapped to the OpenStack services they can access. It acts
as a common authentication system across the cloud operating
system and can integrate with existing backend directory services
like LDAP. It supports multiple forms of authentication including
standard username and password credentials, token-based systems
and AWS-style (i.e. Amazon Web Services) logins. Additionally, the
catalog provides a query-able list of all of the services deployed
in an OpenStack cloud in a single registry. Users and third-party
tools can programmatically determine which resources they can
access.</para>
<para>Additionally, the catalog provides a query-able list of all
of the services deployed in an OpenStack cloud in a single
registry. Users and third-party tools can programmatically
determine which resources they can access.</para>
<para>As an administrator, OpenStack Identity enables you
to:</para>
<para>The OpenStack Identity Service enables administrators
to:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Configure centralized policies across users and
@ -547,28 +526,26 @@
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Create users and tenants and define permissions for
compute, storage and networking resources using role-based
access control (RBAC) features</para>
compute, storage, and networking resources by using role-based
access control (RBAC) features</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Integrate with an existing directory like LDAP,
allowing for a single source of identity authentication
across the enterprise.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>As a user, OpenStack Identity enables you to:</para>
<para>Integrate with an existing directory, like LDAP, to
provide a single source of authentication across the
enterprise</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>The OpenStack Identity Service enables users to:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Get a list of the services that you can access.</para>
<para>List the services to which they have access</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Make API requests</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Log into the web dashboard to create resources owned
by your account</para>
by their account</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para><guisubmenu>Image Service(Glance)</guisubmenu></para>
@ -609,8 +586,8 @@
<para>Raw</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Machine (kernel/ramdisk outside of image, a.k.a.
AMI)</para>
<para>Machine (kernel/ramdisk outside of image, also known
as AMI)</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>VHD (Hyper-V)</para>