openstack/openstack-manuals
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doc/common/glossary.rst
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@ -84,17 +84,17 @@ A
The Compute service provides accounting information through the
event notification and system usage data facilities.
Active Directory
Authentication and identity service by Microsoft, based on LDAP.
Supported in OpenStack.
active/active configuration
In a high-availability setup with an active/active
configuration, several systems share the load together and if one
fails, the load is distributed to the remaining systems.
Active Directory
Authentication and identity service by Microsoft, based on LDAP.
Supported in OpenStack.
active/passive configuration
In a high-availability setup with an active/passive
@ -107,6 +107,11 @@ A
to a project and can be used by or assigned to the VM instances in a
project.
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
The protocol by which layer-3 IP addresses are resolved into
layer-2 link local addresses.
admin API
A subset of API calls that are accessible to authorized
@ -114,16 +119,16 @@ A
public Internet. They can exist as a separate service (keystone) or
can be a subset of another API (nova).
administrator
The person responsible for installing, configuring,
and managing an OpenStack cloud.
admin server
In the context of the Identity service, the worker process that
provides access to the admin API.
administrator
The person responsible for installing, configuring,
and managing an OpenStack cloud.
Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP)
The open standard messaging protocol used by OpenStack
@ -251,11 +256,6 @@ A
businesses and organizations provide additional services
with lower cost.
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
The protocol by which layer-3 IP addresses are resolved into
layer-2 link local addresses.
arptables
Tool used for maintaining Address Resolution Protocol packet
@ -478,18 +478,18 @@ B
user-initiated switchover. Does not require shared storage. Supported
by Compute.
Block Storage service (cinder)
The OpenStack service that implement services and libraries to provide
on-demand, self-service access to Block Storage resources via abstraction
and automation on top of other block storage devices.
Block Storage API
An API on a separate endpoint for attaching,
detaching, and creating block storage for compute
VMs.
Block Storage service (cinder)
The OpenStack service that implement services and libraries to provide
on-demand, self-service access to Block Storage resources via abstraction
and automation on top of other block storage devices.
BMC (Baseboard Management Controller)
The intelligence in the IPMI architecture, which is a specialized
@ -775,10 +775,6 @@ C
services. The project name of Clustering service is
senlin.
congress
OpenStack project that provides the Governance service.
command filter
Lists allowed commands within the Compute rootwrap
@ -813,12 +809,6 @@ C
compression for things such as Object Storage objects or Image service
VM images.
Compute service (nova)
The OpenStack core project that implements services and associated
libraries to provide massively-scalable, on-demand, self-service
access to compute resources, including bare metal, virtual machines,
and containers.
Compute API (Nova API)
The nova-api daemon provides access to nova services. Can communicate with
@ -839,9 +829,12 @@ C
instances that provide a wide
range of services, such as web applications and analytics.
Compute service
Compute service (nova)
Name for the Compute component that manages VMs.
The OpenStack core project that implements services and associated
libraries to provide massively-scalable, on-demand, self-service
access to compute resources, including bare metal, virtual machines,
and containers.
compute worker
@ -861,6 +854,10 @@ C
because compute nodes do not need direct access to the
database.
congress
OpenStack project that provides the Governance service.
consistency window
The amount of time it takes for a new Object Storage object to
@ -998,22 +995,6 @@ D
SSH. Object Storage does not support object encryption at the
application level but may support storage that uses disk encryption.
database ID
A unique ID given to each replica of an Object Storage
database.
database replicator
An Object Storage component that copies changes in the account,
container, and object databases to other nodes.
Database service (trove)
An integrated project that provides scalable and reliable
Cloud Database-as-a-Service functionality for both
relational and non-relational database engines.
Data loss prevention (DLP) software
Software programs used to protect sensitive information
@ -1030,6 +1011,22 @@ D
A database engine supported by the Database service.
database ID
A unique ID given to each replica of an Object Storage
database.
database replicator
An Object Storage component that copies changes in the account,
container, and object databases to other nodes.
Database service (trove)
An integrated project that provides scalable and reliable
Cloud Database-as-a-Service functionality for both
relational and non-relational database engines.
deallocate
The process of removing the association between a floating IP
@ -1314,6 +1311,12 @@ E
The Amazon commercial block storage product.
encapsulation
The practice of placing one packet type within another for
the purposes of abstracting or securing data. Examples
include GRE, MPLS, or IPsec.
encryption
OpenStack supports encryption technologies such as HTTPS, SSH,
@ -1327,12 +1330,6 @@ E
Alternative term for an Identity service catalog.
encapsulation
The practice of placing one packet type within another for
the purposes of abstracting or securing data. Examples
include GRE, MPLS, or IPsec.
endpoint template
A list of URL and port number endpoints that indicate where a
@ -1699,14 +1696,6 @@ H
design summit took place in Portland, Oregon, US and Havana is
an unincorporated community in Oregon.
heat
Codename for the :term:`Orchestration service
<Orchestration service (heat)>`.
Heat Orchestration Template (HOT)
Heat input in the format native to OpenStack.
health monitor
Determines whether back-end members of a VIP pool can
@ -1716,6 +1705,14 @@ H
pool. All monitors must declare a member to be healthy for
it to stay active.
heat
Codename for the :term:`Orchestration service
<Orchestration service (heat)>`.
Heat Orchestration Template (HOT)
Heat input in the format native to OpenStack.
high availability (HA)
A high availability system design approach and associated
@ -2012,10 +2009,12 @@ I
over IP networks.
Supported by Compute, Object Storage, and Image service.
ironic
ip6tables
Codename for the :term:`Bare Metal service <Bare Metal service
(ironic)>`.
Tool used to set up, maintain, and inspect the tables of IPv6
packet filter rules in the Linux kernel. In OpenStack Compute,
ip6tables is used along with arptables, ebtables, and iptables to
create firewalls for both nodes and VMs.
IP address
@ -2029,13 +2028,6 @@ I
and management. Currently provided by Compute, melange, and
Networking.
ip6tables
Tool used to set up, maintain, and inspect the tables of IPv6
packet filter rules in the Linux kernel. In OpenStack Compute,
ip6tables is used along with arptables, ebtables, and iptables to
create firewalls for both nodes and VMs.
ipset
Extension to iptables that allows creation of firewall rules
@ -2053,6 +2045,11 @@ I
ip6tables to IPv6, arptables to ARP, and ebtables to Ethernet frames.
Requires root privilege to manipulate.
ironic
Codename for the :term:`Bare Metal service <Bare Metal service
(ironic)>`.
iSCSI Qualified Name (IQN)
IQN is the format most commonly used for iSCSI names, which uniquely
@ -2172,17 +2169,17 @@ L
control, flow control and detecting and possibly correcting
errors that may occur in the physical layer.
Layer-2 (L2) agent
OpenStack Networking agent that provides layer-2
connectivity for virtual networks.
Layer-3 network
Term used in the OSI network architecture for the network
layer. The network layer is responsible for packet
forwarding including routing from one node to another.
Layer-2 (L2) agent
OpenStack Networking agent that provides layer-2
connectivity for virtual networks.
Layer-3 (L3) agent
OpenStack Networking agent that provides layer-3
@ -2232,16 +2229,16 @@ L
systems or services, based on the criteria defined as part of its
configuration.
load balancing
The process of spreading client requests between two or more
nodes to improve performance and availability.
Load-Balancer-as-a-Service (LBaaS)
Enables Networking to distribute incoming requests evenly
between designated instances.
load balancing
The process of spreading client requests between two or more
nodes to improve performance and availability.
Logical Volume Manager (LVM)
Provides a method of allocating space on mass-storage
@ -2377,32 +2374,15 @@ M
The design summit took place in Tokyo, Japan. Mitaka
is a city in Tokyo.
monasca
Codename for OpenStack :term:`Monitoring <Monitoring (monasca)>`.
multi-host
High-availability mode for legacy (nova) networking.
Each compute node handles NAT and DHCP and acts as a gateway
for all of the VMs on it. A networking failure on one compute
node doesn't affect VMs on other compute nodes.
multinic
Facility in Compute that allows each virtual machine instance to
have more than one VIF connected to it.
murano
Codename for the :term:`Application Catalog service <Application Catalog
service (murano)>`.
Modular Layer 2 (ML2) neutron plug-in
Can concurrently use multiple layer-2 networking technologies,
such as 802.1Q and VXLAN, in Networking.
monasca
Codename for OpenStack :term:`Monitoring <Monitoring (monasca)>`.
Monitor (LBaaS)
LBaaS feature that provides availability monitoring using the
@ -2428,6 +2408,22 @@ M
a password and a private key. Currently not supported in
Identity.
multi-host
High-availability mode for legacy (nova) networking.
Each compute node handles NAT and DHCP and acts as a gateway
for all of the VMs on it. A networking failure on one compute
node doesn't affect VMs on other compute nodes.
multinic
Facility in Compute that allows each virtual machine instance to
have more than one VIF connected to it.
murano
Codename for the :term:`Application Catalog service <Application Catalog
service (murano)>`.
N
~
@ -2505,14 +2501,6 @@ N
Method of keeping a clock for a host or node correct via
communication with a trusted, accurate time source.
Newton
The code name for the fourteenth release of OpenStack. The
design summit took place in Austin, Texas, US. The
release is named after "Newton House" which is located at
1013 E. Ninth St., Austin, TX. which is listed on the
National Register of Historic Places.
network UUID
Unique ID for a Networking network segment.
@ -2523,17 +2511,17 @@ N
services such as giving an IP address to a booting nova
instance.
Networking API (Neutron API)
API used to access OpenStack Networking. Provides an extensible
architecture to enable custom plug-in creation.
Networking service (neutron)
The OpenStack project which implements services and associated
libraries to provide on-demand, scalable, and technology-agnostic
network abstraction.
Networking API (Neutron API)
API used to access OpenStack Networking. Provides an extensible
architecture to enable custom plug-in creation.
neutron
Codename for OpenStack :term:`Networking service <Networking Service
@ -2555,6 +2543,14 @@ N
custom plug-ins for advanced features, such as QoS, ACLs, or
IDS.
Newton
The code name for the fourteenth release of OpenStack. The
design summit took place in Austin, Texas, US. The
release is named after "Newton House" which is located at
1013 E. Ninth St., Austin, TX. which is listed on the
National Register of Historic Places.
Nexenta volume driver
Provides support for NexentaStor devices in Compute.
@ -2647,11 +2643,6 @@ O
An Object Storage component that is responsible for managing
objects.
Object Storage service (swift)
The OpenStack core project that provides eventually consistent
and redundant storage and retrieval of fixed digital content.
Object Storage API
API used to access OpenStack :term:`Object Storage<Object Storage
@ -2661,6 +2652,11 @@ O
The Ceph storage daemon.
Object Storage service (swift)
The OpenStack core project that provides eventually consistent
and redundant storage and retrieval of fixed digital content.
object versioning
Allows a user to set a flag on an :term:`Object Storage<Object Storage
@ -3212,6 +3208,12 @@ R
partitions to devices, and pushes the configuration to other storage
nodes.
role
A personality that a user assumes to perform a specific set of
operations. A role includes a set of rights and privileges. A user
assuming that role inherits those rights and privileges.
Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
Provides a predefined list of actions that the user can perform,
@ -3219,12 +3221,6 @@ R
both Identity and Compute and can be configured using the
horizon dashboard.
role
A personality that a user assumes to perform a specific set of
operations. A role includes a set of rights and privileges. A user
assuming that role inherits those rights and privileges.
role ID
Alphanumeric ID assigned to each Identity service role.
@ -3374,6 +3370,16 @@ S
Unique ID assigned to each service that is available in the
Identity service catalog.
Service Level Agreement (SLA)
Contractual obligations that ensure the availability of a
service.
service project
Special project that contains all services that are listed in the
catalog.
service provider
A system that provides services to other system entities. In
@ -3385,11 +3391,6 @@ S
An Identity service feature that enables services, such as
Compute, to automatically register with the catalog.
service project
Special project that contains all services that are listed in the
catalog.
service token
An administrator-defined token used by Compute to communicate
@ -3479,6 +3480,11 @@ S
Specification for managing identity in the cloud, currently
unsupported by OpenStack.
Simple Protocol for Independent Computing Environments (SPICE)
SPICE provides remote desktop access to guest virtual machines. It
is an alternative to VNC. SPICE is supported by OpenStack.
Single-root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV)
A specification that, when implemented by a physical PCIe
@ -3488,11 +3494,6 @@ S
virtual device. Currently supported in OpenStack Havana and later
releases.
Service Level Agreement (SLA)
Contractual obligations that ensure the availability of a
service.
SmokeStack
Runs automated tests against the core OpenStack API; written in
@ -3526,11 +3527,6 @@ S
OpenStack project that provides a Software Development
Lifecycle Automation service.
Simple Protocol for Independent Computing Environments (SPICE)
SPICE provides remote desktop access to guest virtual machines. It
is an alternative to VNC. SPICE is supported by OpenStack.
spread-first scheduler
The Compute VM scheduling algorithm that attempts to start a new
@ -3571,12 +3567,6 @@ S
The method that a service uses for persistent storage, such as
iSCSI, NFS, or local disk.
storage node
An Object Storage node that provides container services, account
services, and object services; controls the account databases,
container databases, and object storage.
storage manager
A XenAPI component that provides a pluggable interface to
@ -3587,6 +3577,12 @@ S
A persistent storage method supported by XenAPI, such as iSCSI
or NFS.
storage node
An Object Storage node that provides container services, account
services, and object services; controls the account databases,
container databases, and object storage.
storage services
Collective name for the Object Storage object services,
@ -3862,13 +3858,6 @@ V
An L2 network segment within Networking.
virtual networking
A generic term for virtualization of network functions
such as switching, routing, load balancing, and security using
a combination of VMs and overlays on physical network
infrastructure.
Virtual Network Computing (VNC)
Open source GUI and CLI tools used for remote console access to
@ -3880,6 +3869,13 @@ V
network. Typically a virtual network interface belonging to a
VM.
virtual networking
A generic term for virtualization of network functions
such as switching, routing, load balancing, and security using
a combination of VMs and overlays on physical network
infrastructure.
virtual port
Attachment point where a virtual interface connects to a virtual
@ -4001,12 +3997,6 @@ W
.. glossary::
weighting
A Compute process that determines the suitability of the VM
instances for a job for a particular host. For example, not enough RAM
on the host, too many CPUs on the host, and so on.
weight
Used by Object Storage devices to determine which storage
@ -4017,6 +4007,12 @@ W
The sum of each cost used when deciding where to start a new VM
instance in Compute.
weighting
A Compute process that determines the suitability of the VM
instances for a job for a particular host. For example, not enough RAM
on the host, too many CPUs on the host, and so on.
worker
A daemon that listens to a queue and carries out tasks in