openstack/openstack-manuals
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- Replaces old diagram, updates with network diagram combined (needs work)
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Closes-Bug: 1285623
Closes-Bug: 1298508

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doc/install-guide/ch_basics.xml
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@@ -1,75 +1,75 @@
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0"
xml:id="ch_basics">
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:id="ch_basics">
<?dbhtml-stop-chunking?>
<title>Basic operating system configuration</title>
<warning>
<para>We are updating this material for Icehouse. You may find structure
and/or content issues during this process.</para>
</warning>
<para>This guide shows you how to create a controller node to host
most services and a compute node to run virtual machine instances.
Subsequent chapters create additional nodes to run more services.
OpenStack is flexible about how and where you run each service, so
other configurations are possible. However, you must configure
certain operating system settings on each node.</para>
<para>This chapter details a sample configuration for the controller
node and any additional nodes. You can configure the operating
system in other ways, but this guide assumes that your
configuration is compatible with the one described here.</para>
<para>All example commands assume you have administrative
privileges. Either run the commands as the root user or prefix
them with the <command>sudo</command> command.</para>
<para>This guide shows you how to create a controller node to host most
services and a compute node to run virtual machine instances. Subsequent
chapters create additional nodes to run more services. OpenStack is flexible
about how and where you run each service, so other configurations are
possible. However, you must configure certain operating system settings on
each node.</para>
<note>
<para>You can install OpenStack Object Storage with OpenStack Identity as a
starting point rather than installing OpenStack Compute. You cannot use
the OpenStack dashboard unless you also install Compute and the Image
Service. If object storage is your use case, you can skip these operating
system configuration requirements and refer to <link
linkend="object-storage-system-requirements"/> instead.</para>
</note>
<para>This chapter details a sample configuration for the controller node and
any additional nodes. You can configure the operating system in other ways,
but this guide assumes that your configuration is compatible with the one
described here.</para>
<para>All example commands assume you have administrative privileges. Either
run the commands as the root user or prefix them with the
<command>sudo</command> command.</para>
<section xml:id="before-you-begin">
<title>Before you begin</title>
<para>We strongly recommend that you install a 64-bit operating system on
your compute nodes. If you use a 32-bit operating system,
attempting a start a virtual machine using a 64-bit image will fail
with an error.</para>
your compute nodes. If you use a 32-bit operating system, attempting a
start a virtual machine using a 64-bit image will fail with an
error.</para>
<para>For more information about system requirements, see the <link
xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/ops/">OpenStack Operations
Guide</link>.
</para>
Guide</link>.</para>
</section>
<section xml:id="basics-networking">
<title>Networking</title>
<para>For an OpenStack production deployment, most nodes must have
these network interface cards:</para>
<para>For an OpenStack production deployment, most nodes must have these
network interface cards:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>One network interface card for external network traffic
</para>
<para>One network interface card for external network traffic.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Another card to communicate with other OpenStack
nodes.</para>
<para>Another card to communicate with other OpenStack nodes.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>For simple test cases, you can use machines with a single
network interface card.</para>
<para>The following example configures Networking on two networks
with <glossterm baseform="static IP address">static IP addresses</glossterm>
and manually manages a list of host
names on each machine. If you manage a large network, you might
already have systems in place to manage this. If so, you can
skip this section but note that the rest of this guide assumes
that each node can reach the other nodes on the internal network
by using the <literal>controller</literal> and
<literal>compute1</literal> host names.</para>
<para>For simple test cases, you can use machines with a single network
interface card.</para>
<para>The following example configures Networking on two networks with
<glossterm baseform="static IP address">static IP addresses</glossterm>
and manually manages a list of host names on each machine. If you manage a
large network, you might already have systems in place to manage this. If
so, you can skip this section but note that the rest of this guide assumes
that each node can reach the other nodes on the internal network by using
the <literal>controller</literal> and <literal>compute1</literal> host
names.</para>
<!-- these fedora only paragraphs are confirmed not needed in centos -->
<para os="fedora">Disable the <systemitem class="service"
>NetworkManager</systemitem> service and enable the
<systemitem class="service">network</systemitem> service. The
<systemitem class="service">network</systemitem> service is
more suitable for the static network configuration done in this
guide.</para>
>NetworkManager</systemitem> service and enable the <systemitem
class="service">network</systemitem> service. The <systemitem
class="service">network</systemitem> service is more suitable for the
static network configuration done in this guide.</para>
<screen os="fedora"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service NetworkManager stop</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service network start</userinput>
@@ -77,47 +77,45 @@
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig network on</userinput></screen>
<note os="fedora">
<para>Since Fedora 19, <literal>firewalld</literal> replaces
<literal>iptables</literal> as the default firewall
system.</para>
<para>You can use <literal>firewalld</literal> successfully, but
this guide recommends and demonstrates the use of the default
<literal>iptables</literal> as the default firewall system.</para>
<para>You can use <literal>firewalld</literal> successfully, but this
guide recommends and demonstrates the use of the default
<literal>iptables</literal>.</para>
<para>For Fedora 19 systems, run the following commands to
disable <literal>firewalld</literal> and enable
<para>For Fedora 19 systems, run the following commands to disable
<literal>firewalld</literal> and enable
<literal>iptables</literal>:</para>
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service firewalld stop</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service iptables start</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig firewalld off</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig iptables on</userinput></screen>
</note>
<warning os="centos;rhel"><para>
RHEL and derivatives including CentOS and Scientific Linux enable a
<warning os="centos;rhel">
<para>RHEL and derivatives including CentOS and Scientific Linux enable a
restrictive <glossterm>firewall</glossterm> by default. During this
installation, certain steps
will fail unless you alter this setting or disable the firewall. For
further information about securing your installation, refer to the
<link xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/sec/">OpenStack Security Guide</link>.</para>
installation, certain steps will fail unless you alter this setting or
disable the firewall. For further information about securing your
installation, refer to the <link
xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/sec/">OpenStack Security
Guide</link>.</para>
</warning>
<para os="opensuse;sles">When you set up your system, use the
traditional network scripts and do not use <systemitem
class="service">NetworkManager</systemitem>. You can change
the settings after installation with the YaST network
module:</para>
<para os="opensuse;sles">When you set up your system, use the traditional
network scripts and do not use <systemitem class="service"
>NetworkManager</systemitem>. You can change the settings after
installation with the YaST network module:</para>
<screen os="opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>yast2 network</userinput></screen>
<para>Configure both <literal>eth0</literal> and
<literal>eth1</literal>. The examples in this guide use the
<literal>192.168.0.<replaceable>x</replaceable></literal> IP
addresses for the internal network and the
<literal>10.0.0.<replaceable>x</replaceable></literal> IP
addresses for the external network. Make sure to connect your
network devices to the correct network.</para>
<para>Configure both <literal>eth0</literal> and <literal>eth1</literal>.
The examples in this guide use the
<literal>192.168.0.<replaceable>x</replaceable></literal> IP addresses
for the internal network and the
<literal>10.0.0.<replaceable>x</replaceable></literal> IP addresses
for the external network. Make sure to connect your network devices to the
correct network.</para>
<para>In this guide, the controller node uses the
<literal>192.168.0.10</literal> and
<literal>10.0.0.10</literal> IP addresses. When you create the
compute node, use the <literal>192.168.0.11</literal> and
<literal>10.0.0.11</literal> addresses instead. Additional
nodes that you add in subsequent chapters also follow this
pattern.</para>
<literal>192.168.0.10</literal> and <literal>10.0.0.10</literal> IP
addresses. When you create the compute node, use the
<literal>192.168.0.11</literal> and <literal>10.0.0.11</literal>
addresses instead. Additional nodes that you add in subsequent chapters
also follow this pattern.</para>
<figure xml:id="basic-architecture-networking">
<title>Basic architecture</title>
<mediaobject>
@@ -149,22 +147,20 @@ NETMASK=255.255.255.0
DEFROUTE=yes
ONBOOT=yes</programlisting>
</example>
<para os="opensuse;sles">To configure the network interfaces,
start the YaST network module, as follows:</para>
<para os="opensuse;sles">To configure the network interfaces, start the YaST
network module, as follows:</para>
<screen os="opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>yast2 network</userinput></screen>
<itemizedlist os="opensuse;sles">
<listitem>
<para>Use these parameters to set up the
<literal>eth0</literal> ethernet card for the internal
network:</para>
<para>Use these parameters to set up the <literal>eth0</literal>
Ethernet card for the internal network:</para>
<programlisting>Statically assigned IP Address
IP Address: 192.168.0.10
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0</programlisting>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Use these parameters to set up the
<literal>eth1</literal> ethernet card for the external
network:</para>
<para>Use these parameters to set up the <literal>eth1</literal>
Ethernet card for the external network:</para>
<programlisting>Statically assigned IP Address
IP Address: 10.0.0.10
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0</programlisting>
@@ -188,94 +184,83 @@ iface eth1 inet static
address 10.0.0.10
netmask 255.255.255.0</programlisting>
</example>
<para>After you configure the network, restart the daemon for
changes to take effect:</para>
<para>After you configure the network, restart the daemon for changes to
take effect:</para>
<screen os="ubuntu;debian"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service networking restart</userinput></screen>
<screen os="fedora;rhel;centos;opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service network restart</userinput></screen>
<para>Set the host name of each machine. Name the controller node
<literal>controller</literal> and the first compute node
<literal>compute1</literal>. The examples in this guide use
these host names.</para>
<literal>compute1</literal>. The examples in this guide use these host
names.</para>
<para os="ubuntu;debian;fedora;rhel;centos">Use the
<command>hostname</command> command to set the host name:
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>hostname controller</userinput></screen></para>
<para os="opensuse;sles">Use <command>yast network</command> to
set the host name with YaST.</para>
<para os="rhel;fedora;centos">To have the host name change persist
when the system reboots, you must specify it in the proper
configuration file. In Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS, and
older versions of Fedora, you set this in the file
<filename>/etc/sysconfig/network</filename>. Change the line
starting with <literal>HOSTNAME=</literal>.</para>
<para os="opensuse;sles">Use <command>yast network</command> to set the host
name with YaST.</para>
<para os="rhel;fedora;centos">To have the host name change persist when the
system reboots, you must specify it in the proper configuration file. In
Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS, and older versions of Fedora, you set
this in the file <filename>/etc/sysconfig/network</filename>. Change the
line starting with <literal>HOSTNAME=</literal>.</para>
<programlisting language="ini" os="rhel;fedora;centos">HOSTNAME=controller</programlisting>
<para os="fedora">As of Fedora 18, Fedora uses the
<filename>/etc/hostname</filename> file, which contains a
single line with the host name.</para>
<para os="ubuntu;debian">To configure this host name to be
available when the system reboots, you must specify it in the
<filename>/etc/hostname</filename> file, which contains a
single line with the host name.</para>
<para>Finally, ensure that each node can reach the other nodes by
using host names. You must manually edit the
<filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file on each system. For
large-scale deployments, use DNS or a configuration management
system like Puppet.</para>
<filename>/etc/hostname</filename> file, which contains a single line
with the host name.</para>
<para os="ubuntu;debian">To configure this host name to be available when
the system reboots, you must specify it in the
<filename>/etc/hostname</filename> file, which contains a single line
with the host name.</para>
<para>Finally, ensure that each node can reach the other nodes by using host
names. You must manually edit the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file on
each system. For large-scale deployments, use DNS or a configuration
management system like Puppet.</para>
<programlisting>127.0.0.1 localhost
192.168.0.10 controller
192.168.0.11 compute1</programlisting>
</section>
<section xml:id="basics-ntp">
<title>Network Time Protocol (NTP)</title>
<para>To synchronize services across multiple machines, you must
install <glossterm baseform="Network Time Protocol (NTP)">NTP</glossterm>.
The examples in this guide configure the controller
node as the reference server and any additional nodes to set
their time from the controller node.</para>
<para>Install the <literal>ntp</literal> package on each system
running OpenStack services.</para>
<para>To synchronize services across multiple machines, you must install
<glossterm baseform="Network Time Protocol (NTP)">NTP</glossterm>. The
examples in this guide configure the controller node as the reference
server and any additional nodes to set their time from the controller
node.</para>
<para>Install the <literal>ntp</literal> package on each system running
OpenStack services.</para>
<screen os="ubuntu;debian"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>apt-get install ntp</userinput></screen>
<screen os="rhel;fedora;centos"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>yum install ntp</userinput></screen>
<screen os="opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper install ntp</userinput></screen>
<para os="rhel;fedora;centos;opensuse;sles">Set up the NTP server
on your controller node so that it receives data by modifying
the <filename>ntp.conf</filename> file and restarting the
service.</para>
<para os="rhel;fedora;centos;opensuse;sles">Set up the NTP server on your
controller node so that it receives data by modifying the
<filename>ntp.conf</filename> file and restarting the service.</para>
<screen os="rhel;fedora;centos;opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service ntpd start</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig ntpd on</userinput></screen>
<screen os="opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service ntp start</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig ntp on</userinput></screen>
<para>On additional nodes, it is advised that you configure the
other nodes to synchronize their time from the controller node
rather than from outside of your LAN. To do so, install the ntp
daemon as above, then edit <filename>/etc/ntp.conf</filename>
and change the <code>server</code> directive to use the
controller node as internet time source.</para>
<para>On additional nodes, it is advised that you configure the other nodes
to synchronize their time from the controller node rather than from
outside of your LAN. To do so, install the ntp daemon as above, then edit
<filename>/etc/ntp.conf</filename> and change the <code>server</code>
directive to use the controller node as internet time source.</para>
</section>
<section xml:id="basics-passwords" os="ubuntu;rhel;fedora;centos;opensuse;sles">
<section xml:id="basics-passwords"
os="ubuntu;rhel;fedora;centos;opensuse;sles">
<title>Passwords</title>
<para>The various OpenStack services and the required software like the
database and the messaging server have to be password protected. You use
these passwords when configuring a service and then again to access the
service. You have to choose a password while configuring the
service and later remember to use the same password when accessing it.
Optionally, you can generate random passwords with the
<application>pwgen</application> program. Or, to create passwords one at a
time, use the output of this command repeatedly:
service. You have to choose a password while configuring the service and
later remember to use the same password when accessing it. Optionally, you
can generate random passwords with the <application>pwgen</application>
program. Or, to create passwords one at a time, use the output of this
command repeatedly:
<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>openssl rand -hex 10</userinput></screen>
</para>
<para>This guide uses the convention that
<literal><replaceable>SERVICE_PASS</replaceable></literal> is
password to access the service <literal>SERVICE</literal> and
<literal><replaceable>SERVICE_DBPASS</replaceable></literal> is
the database password used by the service SERVICE to access the
database.
</para>
<literal><replaceable>SERVICE_PASS</replaceable></literal> is password
to access the service <literal>SERVICE</literal> and
<literal><replaceable>SERVICE_DBPASS</replaceable></literal> is the
database password used by the service SERVICE to access the database.</para>
<para>The complete list of passwords you need to define in this guide are:
<table rules="all">
<caption>Passwords</caption>
@@ -328,7 +313,8 @@ iface eth1 inet static
</tr>
<tr>
<td><literal><replaceable>CINDER_PASS</replaceable></literal></td>
<td>Password of Block Storage service user <literal>cinder</literal></td>
<td>Password of Block Storage service user
<literal>cinder</literal></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><literal><replaceable>NEUTRON_DBPASS</replaceable></literal></td>
@@ -336,7 +322,8 @@ iface eth1 inet static
</tr>
<tr>
<td><literal><replaceable>NEUTRON_PASS</replaceable></literal></td>
<td>Password of Networking service user <literal>neutron</literal></td>
<td>Password of Networking service user
<literal>neutron</literal></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><literal><replaceable>HEAT_DBPASS</replaceable></literal></td>
@@ -344,7 +331,8 @@ iface eth1 inet static
</tr>
<tr>
<td><literal><replaceable>HEAT_PASS</replaceable></literal></td>
<td>Password of Orchestration service user <literal>heat</literal></td>
<td>Password of Orchestration service user
<literal>heat</literal></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><literal><replaceable>CEILOMETER_DBPASS</replaceable></literal></td>
@@ -352,7 +340,8 @@ iface eth1 inet static
</tr>
<tr>
<td><literal><replaceable>CEILOMETER_PASS</replaceable></literal></td>
<td>Password of Telemetry service user <literal>ceilometer</literal></td>
<td>Password of Telemetry service user
<literal>ceilometer</literal></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
@@ -362,37 +351,34 @@ iface eth1 inet static
<section xml:id="basics-database">
<?dbhtml-stop-chunking?>
<title>MySQL database</title>
<para os="ubuntu;debian;rhel;fedora;centos">Most OpenStack
services require a database to store information. These examples
use a MySQL database that runs on the controller node. You must
install the MySQL database on the controller node. You must
install MySQL client software on any additional nodes that
access MySQL.</para>
<para os="opensuse;sles">Most OpenStack services require a
database to store information. This guide uses a MySQL database
on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server and a compatible database on
openSUSE running on the controller node. This compatible
database for openSUSE is MariaDB. You must install the MariaDB
database on the controller node. You must install the MariaDB
client software on any nodes that access the MariaDB
database.</para>
<para os="ubuntu;debian;rhel;fedora;centos">Most OpenStack services require
a database to store information. These examples use a MySQL database that
runs on the controller node. You must install the MySQL database on the
controller node. You must install MySQL client software on any additional
nodes that access MySQL.</para>
<para os="opensuse;sles">Most OpenStack services require a database to store
information. This guide uses a MySQL database on SUSE Linux Enterprise
Server and a compatible database on openSUSE running on the controller
node. This compatible database for openSUSE is MariaDB. You must install
the MariaDB database on the controller node. You must install the MariaDB
client software on any nodes that access the MariaDB database.</para>
<section xml:id="basics-database-controller">
<title>Controller setup</title>
<para><phrase os="sles">For SUSE Linux Enterprise Server:
</phrase> On the controller node, install the MySQL client and
server packages, and the Python library.</para>
<para><phrase os="sles">For SUSE Linux Enterprise Server: </phrase> On the
controller node, install the MySQL client and server packages, and the
Python library.</para>
<screen os="opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper install mysql-client mysql python-mysql</userinput></screen>
<para os="opensuse">For openSUSE: On the controller node,
install the MariaDB client and database server packages,
and the MySQL Python library.</para>
<para os="opensuse">For openSUSE: On the controller node, install the
MariaDB client and database server packages, and the MySQL Python
library.</para>
<screen os="opensuse"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper install mariadb-client mariadb python-mysql</userinput></screen>
<screen os="ubuntu;debian"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>apt-get install python-mysqldb mysql-server</userinput></screen>
<screen os="rhel;fedora;centos"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>yum install mysql mysql-server MySQL-python</userinput></screen>
<note os="ubuntu;debian">
<para>When you install the server package, you are prompted
for the root password for the database. Choose a strong
password and remember it.</para>
<para>When you install the server package, you are prompted for the root
password for the database. Choose a strong password and remember
it.</para>
</note>
<para>The MySQL configuration requires some changes to work with
OpenStack.</para>
@@ -406,8 +392,8 @@ iface eth1 inet static
<step>
<para>Under the <literal>[mysqld]</literal> section, set the
<literal>bind-address</literal> key to the management IP
address of the controller node to enable access by other
nodes via the management network:</para>
address of the controller node to enable access by other nodes
via the management network:</para>
<programlisting>[mysqld]
...
bind-address = 192.168.0.10</programlisting>
@@ -426,140 +412,129 @@ character-set-server = utf8</programlisting>
</substeps>
</step>
</procedure>
<para os="ubuntu;debian">Restart the MySQL service to apply
the changes:</para>
<para os="ubuntu;debian">Restart the MySQL service to apply the
changes:</para>
<screen os="ubuntu;debian"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service mysql restart</userinput></screen>
<para os="rhel;centos;fedora;opensuse;sles">Start the <phrase
os="rhel;fedora;centos">MySQL</phrase>
<phrase os="opensuse;sles">MariaDB or MySQL</phrase> database
server and set it to start automatically when the system
boots.</para>
<phrase os="opensuse;sles">MariaDB or MySQL</phrase> database server and
set it to start automatically when the system boots.</para>
<screen os="rhel;centos;fedora"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service mysqld start</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig mysqld on</userinput></screen>
<screen os="opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service mysql start</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig mysql on</userinput></screen>
<para os="rhel;centos;fedora;opensuse;sles">Finally, you should
set a root password for your <phrase os="rhel;fedora;centos"
>MySQL</phrase>
<phrase os="opensuse;sles">MariaDB or MySQL</phrase> database.
The OpenStack programs that set up databases and tables prompt
you for this password if it is set.</para>
<para os="ubuntu;debian;rhel;centos;fedora;opensuse;sles">You must
delete the anonymous users that are created when the database is
first started. Otherwise, database connection problems occur
when you follow the instructions in this guide. To do this, use
the <command>mysql_secure_installation</command> command.
Note that if <command>mysql_secure_installation</command> fails
you might need to use <command>mysql_install_db</command> first:</para>
<para os="rhel;centos;fedora;opensuse;sles">Finally, you should set a root
password for your <phrase os="rhel;fedora;centos">MySQL</phrase>
<phrase os="opensuse;sles">MariaDB or MySQL</phrase> database. The
OpenStack programs that set up databases and tables prompt you for this
password if it is set.</para>
<para os="ubuntu;debian;rhel;centos;fedora;opensuse;sles">You must delete
the anonymous users that are created when the database is first started.
Otherwise, database connection problems occur when you follow the
instructions in this guide. To do this, use the
<command>mysql_secure_installation</command> command. Note that if
<command>mysql_secure_installation</command> fails you might need to
use <command>mysql_install_db</command> first:</para>
<screen os="ubuntu;debian;rhel;centos;fedora;opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mysql_install_db</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mysql_secure_installation</userinput></screen>
<para><phrase os="rhel;centos;fedora;opensuse;sles">If you have
not already set a root database password, press
<keycap>ENTER</keycap> when you are prompted for the
password.</phrase> This command presents a number of options
for you to secure your database installation. Respond
<userinput>yes</userinput> to all prompts unless you have a
good reason to do otherwise.</para>
<para><phrase os="rhel;centos;fedora;opensuse;sles">If you have not
already set a root database password, press <keycap>ENTER</keycap>
when you are prompted for the password.</phrase> This command presents
a number of options for you to secure your database installation.
Respond <userinput>yes</userinput> to all prompts unless you have a good
reason to do otherwise.</para>
</section>
<section xml:id="basics-database-node">
<title>Node setup</title>
<para>On all nodes other than the controller node, install the
<phrase os="ubuntu;debian;rhel;fedora;centos"
>MySQL</phrase>
<phrase os="opensuse">MariaDB (on openSUSE)</phrase> client
and the MySQL Python library on any system that does not
host a MySQL database:</para>
<para>On all nodes other than the controller node, install the <phrase
os="ubuntu;debian;rhel;fedora;centos">MySQL</phrase>
<phrase os="opensuse">MariaDB (on openSUSE)</phrase> client and the
MySQL Python library on any system that does not host a MySQL
database:</para>
<screen os="ubuntu;debian"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>apt-get install python-mysqldb</userinput></screen>
<screen os="rhel;fedora;centos"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>yum install mysql MySQL-python</userinput></screen>
<screen os="opensuse"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper install mariadb-client python-mysql</userinput></screen>
<para os="sles">For SUSE Linux Enterprise, install
MySQL:</para>
<para os="sles">For SUSE Linux Enterprise, install MySQL:</para>
<screen os="sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper install mysql-client python-mysql</userinput></screen>
</section>
</section>
<section xml:id="basics-packages">
<title>OpenStack packages</title>
<para>Distributions might release OpenStack packages as part of
their distribution or through other methods because the
OpenStack and distribution release times are independent of each
other.</para>
<para>This section describes the configuration you must
complete after you configure machines to install the latest
OpenStack packages.</para>
<para os="fedora;centos;rhel">The examples in this guide use the
OpenStack packages from the RDO repository. These packages work
on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6, compatible versions of CentOS,
and Fedora 20. To enable the RDO repository, download and
install the <package>rdo-release-icehouse</package>
package.</para>
<para>Distributions might release OpenStack packages as part of their
distribution or through other methods because the OpenStack and
distribution release times are independent of each other.</para>
<para>This section describes the configuration you must complete after you
configure machines to install the latest OpenStack packages.</para>
<para os="fedora;centos;rhel">The examples in this guide use the OpenStack
packages from the RDO repository. These packages work on Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 6, compatible versions of CentOS, and Fedora 20. To
enable the RDO repository, download and install the
<package>rdo-release-icehouse</package> package.</para>
<screen os="fedora;centos;rhel"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>yum install http://repos.fedorapeople.org/repos/openstack/openstack-icehouse/rdo-release-icehouse-1.noarch.rpm</userinput></screen>
<para os="fedora;centos;rhel">The EPEL package includes GPG keys
for package signing and repository information. This should only
be installed on Red Hat Enterprise Linux and CentOS, not Fedora.
Install the latest <package>epel-release</package> package (see
<link
<para os="fedora;centos;rhel">The EPEL package includes GPG keys for package
signing and repository information. This should only be installed on Red
Hat Enterprise Linux and CentOS, not Fedora. Install the latest
<package>epel-release</package> package (see <link
xlink:href="http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/repoview/epel-release.html"
>http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/repoview/epel-release.html</link>).
For example:</para>
<screen os="fedora;centos;rhel"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>yum install http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm</userinput></screen>
<para os="fedora;centos;rhel">The
<package>openstack-utils</package> package contains utility
programs that make installation and configuration easier. These
programs are used throughout this guide. Install
<package>openstack-utils</package>. This verifies that you can
access the RDO repository.</para>
<para os="fedora;centos;rhel">The <package>openstack-utils</package> package
contains utility programs that make installation and configuration easier.
These programs are used throughout this guide. Install
<package>openstack-utils</package>. This verifies that you can access
the RDO repository.</para>
<screen os="fedora;centos;rhel"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>yum install openstack-utils</userinput></screen>
<para os="opensuse;sles">Use the Open Build Service repositories
for <glossterm>Icehouse</glossterm> based on your openSUSE or
SUSE Linux Enterprise
Server version, for example if you run openSUSE 12.3 use:</para>
<para os="opensuse;sles">Use the Open Build Service repositories for
<glossterm>Icehouse</glossterm> based on your openSUSE or SUSE Linux
Enterprise Server version, for example if you run openSUSE 12.3
use:</para>
<screen os="opensuse"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper addrepo -f obs://Cloud:OpenStack:Icehouse/openSUSE_12.3 Icehouse</userinput></screen>
<para os="opensuse">For openSUSE 13.1 use:</para>
<screen os="opensuse"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper addrepo -f obs://Cloud:OpenStack:Icehouse/openSUSE_13.1 Icehouse</userinput></screen>
<para os="sles">If you use SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP3,
use:</para>
<para os="sles">If you use SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP3, use:</para>
<screen os="sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper addrepo -f obs://Cloud:OpenStack:Icehouse/SLE_11_SP3 Icehouse</userinput></screen>
<para os="opensuse;sles">The <package>openstack-utils</package>
package contains utility programs that make installation and
configuration easier. These programs are used throughout this
guide. Install <package>openstack-utils</package>. This verifies
that you can access the Open Build Service repository:</para>
<para os="opensuse;sles">The <package>openstack-utils</package> package
contains utility programs that make installation and configuration easier.
These programs are used throughout this guide. Install
<package>openstack-utils</package>. This verifies that you can access
the Open Build Service repository:</para>
<screen os="opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper install openstack-utils</userinput></screen>
<warning os="fedora;centos;rhel;opensuse;sles">
<para>The <application>openstack-config</application> program
in the <package>openstack-utils</package> package uses
<application>crudini</application> to manipulate configuration
files. However, <application>crudini</application> version 0.3
does not support multi valued options. See
<link
<para>The <application>openstack-config</application> program in the
<package>openstack-utils</package> package uses
<application>crudini</application> to manipulate configuration files.
However, <application>crudini</application> version 0.3 does not support
multi valued options. See <link
xlink:href="https://bugs.launchpad.net/openstack-manuals/+bug/1269271"
>https://bugs.launchpad.net/openstack-manuals/+bug/1269271</link>.
As a work around, you must manually set any multi valued
options or the new value overwrites the previous value instead
of creating a new option.</para>
>https://bugs.launchpad.net/openstack-manuals/+bug/1269271</link>. As
a work around, you must manually set any multi valued options or the new
value overwrites the previous value instead of creating a new
option.</para>
</warning>
<para os="fedora;centos;rhel">The
<package>openstack-selinux</package> package includes the
policy files that are required to configure SELinux during
OpenStack installation.
Install <package>openstack-selinux</package>.</para>
<para os="fedora;centos;rhel">The <package>openstack-selinux</package>
package includes the policy files that are required to configure SELinux
during OpenStack installation. Install
<package>openstack-selinux</package>.</para>
<screen os="fedora;centos;rhel"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>yum install openstack-selinux</userinput></screen>
<para os="fedora;centos;rhel;opensuse;sles">Upgrade your system packages:</para>
<para os="fedora;centos;rhel;opensuse;sles">Upgrade your system
packages:</para>
<screen os="fedora;centos;rhel"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>yum upgrade</userinput></screen>
<screen os="opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper refresh</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper update</userinput></screen>
<para os="fedora;centos;rhel;opensuse;sles">If the upgrade included a new
kernel package, reboot the system to ensure the new kernel is running:</para>
kernel package, reboot the system to ensure the new kernel is
running:</para>
<screen os="fedora;centos;rhel;opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>reboot</userinput></screen>
<procedure xml:id="ubuntu-cloud-archive" os="ubuntu">
<title>To use the Ubuntu Cloud Archive for Icehouse</title>
<para>The <link
xlink:href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ServerTeam/CloudArchive"
>Ubuntu Cloud Archive</link> is a special repository that
allows you to install newer releases of OpenStack on the
stable supported version of Ubuntu.</para>
xlink:href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ServerTeam/CloudArchive">Ubuntu
Cloud Archive</link> is a special repository that allows you to
install newer releases of OpenStack on the stable supported version of
Ubuntu.</para>
<step>
<para>Install the Ubuntu Cloud Archive for
<glossterm>Icehouse</glossterm>:
@@ -567,23 +542,20 @@ character-set-server = utf8</programlisting>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>add-apt-repository cloud-archive:icehouse</userinput></screen></para>
</step>
<step>
<para>Update the package database, upgrade your system, and reboot
for all changes to take effect:
<para>Update the package database, upgrade your system, and reboot for
all changes to take effect:
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>apt-get update &amp;&amp; apt-get dist-upgrade</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>reboot</userinput> </screen></para>
</step>
</procedure>
<procedure xml:id="debian-cloud-archive" os="debian">
<title>To use the Debian Wheezy backports archive for
Icehouse</title>
<para>The <glossterm>Icehouse</glossterm> release is available
only in Debian Sid
(otherwise called Unstable). However, the Debian maintainers
of OpenStack also maintain a non-official Debian repository
for OpenStack containing Wheezy backports.</para>
<title>To use the Debian Wheezy backports archive for Icehouse</title>
<para>The <glossterm>Icehouse</glossterm> release is available only in
Debian Sid (otherwise called Unstable). However, the Debian maintainers
of OpenStack also maintain a non-official Debian repository for
OpenStack containing Wheezy backports.</para>
<step>
<para>Install the Debian Wheezy backport repository
Icehouse:</para>
<para>Install the Debian Wheezy backport repository Icehouse:</para>
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>echo "deb http://archive.gplhost.com/debian icehouse-backports main" >>/etc/apt/sources.list</userinput></screen>
</step>
<step>
@@ -596,53 +568,48 @@ character-set-server = utf8</programlisting>
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>apt-get update &amp;&amp; apt-get install gplhost-archive-keyring</userinput></screen>
</step>
<step>
<para>Update the package database, upgrade your system, and reboot
for all changes to take effect:</para>
<para>Update the package database, upgrade your system, and reboot for
all changes to take effect:</para>
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>apt-get update &amp;&amp; apt-get dist-upgrade</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>reboot</userinput></screen>
</step>
</procedure>
<para os="debian">Numerous archive.gplhost.com mirrors are
available around the world. All are available with both FTP and
HTTP protocols (you should use the closest mirror). The list of
mirrors is available at <link
<para os="debian">Numerous archive.gplhost.com mirrors are available around
the world. All are available with both FTP and HTTP protocols (you should
use the closest mirror). The list of mirrors is available at <link
xlink:href="http://archive.gplhost.com/readme.mirrors"
>http://archive.gplhost.com/readme.mirrors</link>.</para>
</section>
<section xml:id="basics-argparse" os="debian">
<title>Manually install python-argparse</title>
<para>The Debian OpenStack packages are maintained on Debian Sid
(also known as Debian Unstable) - the current development
version. Backported packages run correctly on Debian Wheezy with
one caveat:</para>
<para>All OpenStack packages are written in Python. Wheezy uses
Python 2.6 and 2.7, with Python 2.6 as the default interpreter;
Sid has only Python 2.7. There is one packaging change between
these two. In Python 2.6, you installed the
<package>python-argparse</package> package separately. In
Python 2.7, this package is installed by default. Unfortunately,
in Python 2.7, this package does not include <code>Provides:
python-argparse</code> directive.</para>
<para>Because the packages are maintained in Sid where the
<code>Provides: python-argparse</code> directive causes an
error, and the Debian OpenStack maintainer wants to maintain one
version of the OpenStack packages, you must manually install the
<package>python-argparse</package> on each OpenStack system
that runs Debian Wheezy before you install the other OpenStack
packages. Use the following command to install the
<para>The Debian OpenStack packages are maintained on Debian Sid (also known
as Debian Unstable) - the current development version. Backported packages
run correctly on Debian Wheezy with one caveat:</para>
<para>All OpenStack packages are written in Python. Wheezy uses Python 2.6
and 2.7, with Python 2.6 as the default interpreter; Sid has only Python
2.7. There is one packaging change between these two. In Python 2.6, you
installed the <package>python-argparse</package> package separately. In
Python 2.7, this package is installed by default. Unfortunately, in Python
2.7, this package does not include <code>Provides: python-argparse</code>
directive.</para>
<para>Because the packages are maintained in Sid where the <code>Provides:
python-argparse</code> directive causes an error, and the Debian
OpenStack maintainer wants to maintain one version of the OpenStack
packages, you must manually install the <package>python-argparse</package>
on each OpenStack system that runs Debian Wheezy before you install the
other OpenStack packages. Use the following command to install the
package:</para>
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>apt-get install python-argparse</userinput></screen>
<para>This caveat applies to most OpenStack packages in
Wheezy.</para>
<para>This caveat applies to most OpenStack packages in Wheezy.</para>
</section>
<section xml:id="basics-queue">
<title>Messaging server</title>
<para>On the controller node, install the messaging queue server.
Typically this is <phrase os="ubuntu;debian;opensuse;sles"
<para>On the controller node, install the messaging queue server. Typically
this is <phrase os="ubuntu;debian;opensuse;sles"
><glossterm>RabbitMQ</glossterm></phrase>
<phrase os="centos;rhel;fedora">
<glossterm>Qpid</glossterm></phrase> but
<phrase os="ubuntu;debian;opensuse;sles"><glossterm>Qpid</glossterm></phrase>
<glossterm>Qpid</glossterm></phrase> but <phrase
os="ubuntu;debian;opensuse;sles"><glossterm>Qpid</glossterm></phrase>
<phrase os="centos;rhel;fedora"><glossterm>RabbitMQ</glossterm></phrase>
and <glossterm>ZeroMQ</glossterm> (0MQ) are also available.</para>
<screen os="ubuntu;debian"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>apt-get install rabbitmq-server</userinput></screen>
@@ -650,48 +617,41 @@ character-set-server = utf8</programlisting>
<screen os="fedora;centos;rhel"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>yum install qpid-cpp-server</userinput></screen>
<note os="ubuntu;debian;opensuse;sles">
<title>Important security consideration</title>
<para>The <package>rabbitmq-server</package> package configures
the RabbitMQ service to start automatically and creates a
<literal>guest</literal> user with a default
<literal>guest</literal> password. The RabbitMQ examples in
this guide use the <literal>guest</literal> account, though it
is strongly advised to change its default password, especially
if you have IPv6 available: by default the RabbitMQ server
enables anyone to connect to it by using guest as login and
password, and with IPv6, it is reachable from the
<para>The <package>rabbitmq-server</package> package configures the
RabbitMQ service to start automatically and creates a
<literal>guest</literal> user with a default <literal>guest</literal>
password. The RabbitMQ examples in this guide use the
<literal>guest</literal> account, though it is strongly advised to
change its default password, especially if you have IPv6 available: by
default the RabbitMQ server enables anyone to connect to it by using
guest as login and password, and with IPv6, it is reachable from the
outside.</para>
<para>To change the default guest password of RabbitMQ:</para>
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>rabbitmqctl change_password guest <replaceable>RABBIT_PASS</replaceable></userinput></screen>
</note>
<para os="fedora;centos;rhel">Disable Qpid authentication by
editing <filename>/etc/qpidd.conf</filename> file and changing
the <literal>auth</literal> option to
<literal>no</literal>.</para>
<para os="fedora;centos;rhel">Disable Qpid authentication by editing
<filename>/etc/qpidd.conf</filename> file and changing the
<literal>auth</literal> option to <literal>no</literal>.</para>
<screen os="fedora;centos;rhel"> <userinput>auth=no</userinput></screen>
<note os="fedora;centos;rhel">
<para>
To simplify configuration, the Qpid examples in this guide do not use
authentication. However, we strongly advise enabling authentication
for production deployments. For more information on securing Qpid
refer to the
<link xlink:href=
"http://qpid.apache.org/books/trunk/AMQP-Messaging-Broker-CPP-Book/html/chap-Messaging_User_Guide-Security.html"
>Qpid Documentation</link>.
</para>
<para>
After you enable Qpid authentication, you must update the configuration
file of each OpenStack service to ensure that the
<para>To simplify configuration, the Qpid examples in this guide do not
use authentication. However, we strongly advise enabling authentication
for production deployments. For more information on securing Qpid refer
to the <link
xlink:href="http://qpid.apache.org/books/trunk/AMQP-Messaging-Broker-CPP-Book/html/chap-Messaging_User_Guide-Security.html"
>Qpid Documentation</link>.</para>
<para>After you enable Qpid authentication, you must update the
configuration file of each OpenStack service to ensure that the
<literal>qpid_username</literal> and <literal>qpid_password</literal>
configuration keys refer to a valid Qpid username and password,
respectively.
</para>
respectively.</para>
</note>
<para os="fedora;centos;rhel">Start Qpid and set it to start
automatically when the system boots.</para>
<para os="fedora;centos;rhel">Start Qpid and set it to start automatically
when the system boots.</para>
<screen os="fedora;centos;rhel"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service qpidd start</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig qpidd on</userinput></screen>
<para os="opensuse;sles">Start the messaging service and set it to
start automatically when the system boots:</para>
<para os="opensuse;sles">Start the messaging service and set it to start
automatically when the system boots:</para>
<screen os="opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service rabbitmq-server start</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig rabbitmq-server on</userinput></screen>
<para>Congratulations, now you are ready to install OpenStack

8
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17
doc/install-guide/object-storage/section_object-storage-example-install-arch.xml
View File

@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@
Object Storage services.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Proxy node. Runs Proxy services.</para>
<para>Proxy node. Runs proxy services.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Storage node. Runs Account, Container, and Object
services.</para>
<para>Storage node. Runs account, container, and object
services. Contains the SQLite databases.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ring. A set of mappings between OpenStack Object
@@ -28,6 +28,13 @@
<para>Zone. A logically separate section of the cluster,
related to independent failure characteristics.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Region (optional). A logically separate section of
the cluster, representing distinct physical locations
such as cities or countries. Similar to zones but
representing physical locations of portions of the
cluster rather than logical segments.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>To increase reliability and performance, you can add
additional proxy servers.</para>
@@ -38,10 +45,10 @@
ring guarantees that every replica is stored in a separate
zone. This diagram shows one possible configuration for a
minimal installation:</para>
<!-- we need to fix this diagram - the auth node isn't a thing anymore-->
<para><inlinemediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="../figures/swift_install_arch.png"
<imagedata
fileref="../figures/swift_install_arch.png"
/>
</imageobject>
</inlinemediaobject></para>

6
doc/install-guide/object-storage/section_object-storage-install-config-storage-nodes.xml
View File

@@ -10,16 +10,16 @@
performance for the swift use case after considerable
testing and benchmarking at Rackspace. It is also the only
file system that has been thoroughly tested. See the <link
xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/havana/config-reference/content/"
xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/trunk/config-reference/content/"
><citetitle>OpenStack Configuration
Reference</citetitle></link> for additional
recommendations.</para>
</note>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>Install Storage node packages:</para>
<para>Install storage node packages:</para>
<para>
<screen os="ubuntu"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>apt-get install swift-account swift-container swift-object xfsprogs</userinput></screen>
<screen os="ubuntu"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>apt-get install swift swift-account swift-container swift-object xfsprogs</userinput></screen>
<screen os="rhel;centos;fedora"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>yum install openstack-swift-account openstack-swift-container \
openstack-swift-object xfsprogs xinetd</userinput></screen>
<screen os="opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper install openstack-swift-account openstack-swift-container \

16
doc/install-guide/object-storage/section_object-storage-network-planning.xml
View File

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
suggested.</para>
<para>This guide describes the following networks:<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>A mandatory public network. Connects to the Proxy
<para>A mandatory public network. Connects to the proxy
server.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@@ -22,11 +22,21 @@ the cluster. All nodes connect to this network.</para>
<listitem>
<para>An optional replication network. Not accessible from
outside the cluster. Dedicated to replication traffic among
Storage nodes. Must be configured in the Ring.</para>
storage nodes. Must be configured in the Ring.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist></para>
<para>This figure shows the basic architecture for the public
network, the storage network, and the optional replication
network.</para>
<para><inlinemediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata
fileref="../figures/networking-interactions-swift.png"
/>
</imageobject>
</inlinemediaobject></para>
<para>By default, all of the OpenStack Object Storage services, as
well as the rsync daemon on the Storage nodes, are configured to
well as the rsync daemon on the storage nodes, are configured to
listen on their <literal>STORAGE_LOCAL_NET</literal> IP
addresses.</para>
<para>If you configure a replication network in the Ring, the

2
doc/install-guide/object-storage/section_object-storage-sys-requirements.xml
View File

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0">
<?dbhtml-stop-chunking?>
<title>System requirements</title>
<title>System requirements for Object Storage</title>
<para><emphasis role="bold">Hardware</emphasis>: OpenStack Object
Storage is designed to run on commodity hardware.</para>
<note>