======================================= Store metadata on a configuration drive ======================================= You can configure OpenStack to write metadata to a special configuration drive that attaches to the instance when it boots. The instance can mount this drive and read files from it to get information that is normally available through the `metadata service `__. This metadata is different from the user data. One use case for using the configuration drive is to pass a networking configuration when you do not use DHCP to assign IP addresses to instances. For example, you might pass the IP address configuration for the instance through the configuration drive, which the instance can mount and access before you configure the network settings for the instance. Any modern guest operating system that is capable of mounting an ISO 9660 or VFAT file system can use the configuration drive. Requirements and guidelines ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ To use the configuration drive, you must follow the following requirements for the compute host and image. **Compute host requirements** - The following hypervisors support the configuration drive: libvirt, XenServer, Hyper-V, and VMware. - To use configuration drive with libvirt, XenServer, or VMware, you must first install the genisoimage package on each compute host. Otherwise, instances do not boot properly. Use the ``mkisofs_cmd`` flag to set the path where you install the genisoimage program. If genisoimage is in same path as the ``nova-compute`` service, you do not need to set this flag. - To use configuration drive with Hyper-V, you must set the ``mkisofs_cmd`` value to the full path to an ``mkisofs.exe`` installation. Additionally, you must set the ``qemu_img_cmd`` value in the ``hyperv`` configuration section to the full path to an :command:`qemu-img` command installation. **Image requirements** - An image built with a recent version of the cloud-init package can automatically access metadata passed through the configuration drive. The cloud-init package version 0.7.1 works with Ubuntu and Fedora based images, such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux. - If an image does not have the cloud-init package installed, you must customize the image to run a script that mounts the configuration drive on boot, reads the data from the drive, and takes appropriate action such as adding the public key to an account. You can read more details about how data is organized on the configuration drive. - If you use Xen with a configuration drive, use the ``xenapi_disable_agent`` configuration parameter to disable the agent. **Guidelines** - Do not rely on the presence of the EC2 metadata in the configuration drive, because this content might be removed in a future release. For example, do not rely on files in the ``ec2`` directory. - When you create images that access configuration drive data and multiple directories are under the ``openstack`` directory, always select the highest API version by date that your consumer supports. For example, if your guest image supports the 2012-03-05, 2012-08-05, and 2013-04-13 versions, try 2013-04-13 first and fall back to a previous version if 2013-04-13 is not present. Enable and access the configuration drive ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ #. To enable the configuration drive, pass the ``--config-drive true`` parameter to the :command:`nova boot` command. The following example enables the configuration drive and passes user data, two files, and two key/value metadata pairs, all of which are accessible from the configuration drive:: $ nova boot --config-drive true --image my-image-name --key-name mykey \ --flavor 1 --user-data ./my-user-data.txt myinstance \ --file /etc/network/interfaces=/home/myuser/instance-interfaces \ --file known_hosts=/home/myuser/.ssh/known_hosts \ --meta role=webservers --meta essential=false You can also configure the Compute service to always create a configuration drive by setting the following option in the :file:`/etc/nova/nova.conf` file:: force_config_drive=true .. note:: If a user passes the ``--config-drive true`` flag to the :command:`nova boot` command, an administrator cannot disable the configuration drive. #. If your guest operating system supports accessing disk by label, you can mount the configuration drive as the ``/dev/disk/by-label/configurationDriveVolumeLabel`` device. In the following example, the configuration drive has the ``config-2`` volume label:: # mkdir -p /mnt/config # mount /dev/disk/by-label/config-2 /mnt/config .. note:: Ensure that you use at least version 0.3.1 of CirrOS for configuration drive support. If your guest operating system does not use ``udev``, the ``/dev/disk/by-label`` directory is not present. You can use the :command:`blkid` command to identify the block device that corresponds to the configuration drive. For example, when you boot the CirrOS image with the ``m1.tiny`` flavor, the device is ``/dev/vdb``: .. code:: # blkid -t LABEL="config-2" -odevice .. code:: /dev/vdb Once identified, you can mount the device:: # mkdir -p /mnt/config # mount /dev/vdb /mnt/config Configuration drive contents ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ In this example, the contents of the configuration drive are as follows:: ec2/2009-04-04/meta-data.json ec2/2009-04-04/user-data ec2/latest/meta-data.json ec2/latest/user-data openstack/2012-08-10/meta_data.json openstack/2012-08-10/user_data openstack/content openstack/content/0000 openstack/content/0001 openstack/latest/meta_data.json openstack/latest/user_data The files that appear on the configuration drive depend on the arguments that you pass to the :command:`nova boot` command. OpenStack metadata format ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ The following example shows the contents of the :file:`openstack/2012-08-10/meta_data.json` and :file:`openstack/latest/meta_data.json` files. These files are identical. The file contents are formatted for readability. .. code:: { "availability_zone": "nova", "files": [ { "content_path": "/content/0000", "path": "/etc/network/interfaces" }, { "content_path": "/content/0001", "path": "known_hosts" } ], "hostname": "test.novalocal", "launch_index": 0, "name": "test", "meta": { "role": "webservers", "essential": "false" }, "public_keys": { "mykey": "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAAAgQDBqUfVvCSez0/Wfpd8dLLgZXV9GtXQ7hnMN+Z0OWQUyebVEHey1CXuin0uY1cAJMhUq8j98SiW+cU0sU4J3x5l2+xi1bodDm1BtFWVeLIOQINpfV1n8fKjHB+ynPpe1F6tMDvrFGUlJs44t30BrujMXBe8Rq44cCk6wqyjATA3rQ== Generated by Nova\n" }, "uuid": "83679162-1378-4288-a2d4-70e13ec132aa" } Note the effect of the ``--file /etc/network/interfaces=/home/myuser/instance-interfaces`` argument that was passed to the :command:`nova boot` command. The contents of this file are contained in the :file:`openstack/content/0000` file on the configuration drive, and the path is specified as :file:`/etc/network/interfaces` in the :file:`meta_data.json` file. EC2 metadata format ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ The following example shows the contents of the :file:`ec2/2009-04-04/meta-data.json` and the :file:`ec2/latest/meta-data.json` files. These files are identical. The file contents are formatted to improve readability. .. code:: { "ami-id": "ami-00000001", "ami-launch-index": 0, "ami-manifest-path": "FIXME", "block-device-mapping": { "ami": "sda1", "ephemeral0": "sda2", "root": "/dev/sda1", "swap": "sda3" }, "hostname": "test.novalocal", "instance-action": "none", "instance-id": "i-00000001", "instance-type": "m1.tiny", "kernel-id": "aki-00000002", "local-hostname": "test.novalocal", "local-ipv4": null, "placement": { "availability-zone": "nova" }, "public-hostname": "test.novalocal", "public-ipv4": "", "public-keys": { "0": { "openssh-key": "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAAAgQDBqUfVvCSez0/Wfpd8dLLgZXV9GtXQ7hnMN+Z0OWQUyebVEHey1CXuin0uY1cAJMhUq8j98SiW+cU0sU4J3x5l2+xi1bodDm1BtFWVeLIOQINpfV1n8fKjHB+ynPpe1F6tMDvrFGUlJs44t30BrujMXBe8Rq44cCk6wqyjATA3rQ== Generated by Nova\n" } }, "ramdisk-id": "ari-00000003", "reservation-id": "r-7lfps8wj", "security-groups": [ "default" ] } User data ^^^^^^^^^ The :file:`openstack/2012-08-10/user_data`, :file:`openstack/latest/user_data`, :file:`ec2/2009-04-04/user-data`, and :file:`ec2/latest/user-data` file are present only if the ``--user-data`` flag and the contents of the user data file are passed to the :command:`nova boot` command. Configuration drive format ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ The default format of the configuration drive as an ISO 9660 file system. To explicitly specify the ISO 9660 format, add the following line to the :file:`/etc/nova/nova.conf` file:: config_drive_format=iso9660 By default, you cannot attach the configuration drive image as a CD drive instead of as a disk drive. To attach a CD drive, add the following line to the :file:`/etc/nova/nova.conf` file:: config_drive_cdrom=true For legacy reasons, you can configure the configuration drive to use VFAT format instead of ISO 9660. It is unlikely that you would require VFAT format because ISO 9660 is widely supported across operating systems. However, to use the VFAT format, add the following line to the :file:`/etc/nova/nova.conf` file:: config_drive_format=vfat If you choose VFAT, the configuration drive is 64 MB. .. note:: In current version (Liberty) of OpenStack Compute, live migration with ``config_drive`` on local disk is forbidden due to the bug in libvirt of copying a read-only disk. However, if we use VFAT as the format of ``config_drive``, the function of live migration works well.