.. highlight:: ini ============================== OpenStack Networking (neutron) ============================== The example architecture with OpenStack Networking (neutron) requires one controller node, one network node, and at least one compute node. The controller node contains one network interface on the :term:`management network`. The network node contains one network interface on the management network, one on the :term:`instance tunnels network`, and one on the :term:`external network`. The compute node contains one network interface on the management network and one on the instance tunnels network. The example architecture assumes use of the following networks: - Management on 10.0.0.0/24 with gateway 10.0.0.1 .. note:: This network requires a gateway to provide Internet access to all nodes for administrative purposes such as package installation, security updates, :term:`DNS`, and :term:`Network Time Protocol (NTP)`. - Instance tunnels on 10.0.1.0/24 without a gateway .. note:: This network does not require a gateway because communication only occurs among network and compute nodes in your OpenStack environment. - External on 203.0.113.0/24 with gateway 203.0.113.1 .. note:: This network requires a gateway to provide Internet access to instances in your OpenStack environment. You can modify these ranges and gateways to work with your particular network infrastructure. .. note:: Network interface names vary by distribution. Traditionally, interfaces use "eth" followed by a sequential number. To cover all variations, this guide simply refers to the first interface as the interface with the lowest number, the second interface as the interface with the middle number, and the third interface as the interface with the highest number. | .. figure:: figures/installguidearch-neutron-networks.png :alt: Minimal architecture example with OpenStack Networking (neutron)—Network layout **Minimal architecture example with OpenStack Networking (neutron)—Network layout** | Unless you intend to use the exact configuration provided in this example architecture, you must modify the networks in this procedure to match your environment. Also, each node must resolve the other nodes by name in addition to IP address. For example, the ``controller`` name must resolve to ``10.0.0.11``, the IP address of the management interface on the controller node. .. warning:: Reconfiguring network interfaces will interrupt network connectivity. We recommend using a local terminal session for these procedures. | Controller node --------------- **To configure networking:** #. Configure the first interface as the management interface: IP address: 10.0.0.11 Network mask: 255.255.255.0 (or /24) Default gateway: 10.0.0.1 #. Reboot the system to activate the changes. | **To configure name resolution:** #. Set the hostname of the node to ``controller``. #. Edit the :file:`/etc/hosts:` file to contain the following: .. code-block:: ini :linenos: # controller 10.0.0.11 controller # network 10.0.0.21 network # compute1 10.0.0.31 compute1 .. warning:: Some distributions add an extraneous entry in the :file:`/etc/hosts` file that resolves the actual hostname to another loopback IP address such as ``127.0.1.1``. Note it's ``127.0.*1.1*``, do not remove the required ``127.0.0.1`` entry. You must comment out or remove this entry to prevent name resolution problems. | Network node ------------ **To configure networking:** #. Configure the first interface as the management interface: IP address: 10.0.0.21 Network mask: 255.255.255.0 (or /24) Default gateway: 10.0.0.1 #. Configure the second interface as the instance tunnels interface: IP address: 10.0.1.21 Network mask: 255.255.255.0 (or /24) #. The external interface uses a special configuration without an IP address assigned to it. Configure the third interface as the external interface: Replace ``INTERFACE_NAME`` with the actual interface name. For example, *eth2* or *ens256*. .. only:: ubuntu or debian a. Edit the :file:`/etc/network/interfaces` file to contain the following: .. code-block:: ini :linenos: # The external network interface auto INTERFACE_NAME iface INTERFACE_NAME inet manual up ip link set dev $IFACE up down ip link set dev $IFACE down .. only:: rdo a. Edit the :file:`/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-INTERFACE_NAME` file to contain the following: Do not change the ``HWADDR`` and ``UUID`` keys. .. code-block:: ini :linenos: DEVICE= INTERFACE_NAME TYPE=Ethernet ONBOOT="yes" BOOTPROTO="none" .. only:: obs a. Edit the :file:`/etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-INTERFACE_NAME` file to contain the following: .. code-block:: ini :linenos: STARTMODE='auto' BOOTPROTO='static' 4. Reboot the system to activate the changes. | **To configure name resolution:** #. Set the hostname of the node to ``network``. #. Edit the :file:`/etc/hosts` file to contain the following: .. code-block:: ini :linenos: # network 10.0.0.21 network # controller 10.0.0.11 controller # compute1 10.0.0.31 compute1 .. warning:: Some distributions add an extraneous entry in the :file:`/etc/hosts` file that resolves the actual hostname to another loopback IP address such as ``127.0.1.1``. Note it's ``127.0.*1.1*``, do not remove the required ``127.0.0.1`` entry. You must comment out or remove this entry to prevent name resolution problems. | Compute node ------------ **To configure networking:** #. Configure the first interface as the management interface: IP address: 10.0.0.31 Network mask: 255.255.255.0 (or /24) Default gateway: 10.0.0.1 .. note:: Additional compute nodes should use 10.0.0.32, 10.0.0.33, and so on. #. Configure the second interface as the instance tunnels interface: IP address: 10.0.1.31 Network mask: 255.255.255.0 (or /24) .. note:: Additional compute nodes should use 10.0.1.32, 10.0.1.33, and so on. #. Reboot the system to activate the changes. | **To configure name resolution:** #. Set the hostname of the node to ``compute1``. #. Edit the :file:`/etc/hosts` file to contain the following: .. code-block:: ini :linenos: # compute1 10.0.0.31 compute1 # controller 10.0.0.11 controller # network 10.0.0.21 network .. warning:: Some distributions add an extraneous entry in the :file:`/etc/hosts` file that resolves the actual hostname to another loopback IP address such as ``127.0.1.1``. You must comment out or remove this entry to prevent name resolution problems. | Verify connectivity ------------------- We recommend that you verify network connectivity to the Internet and among the nodes before proceeding further. #. From the *controller* node, :command:`ping` a site on the Internet: .. code-block:: console # ping -c 4 openstack.org PING openstack.org (174.143.194.225) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 174.143.194.225: icmp_seq=1 ttl=54 time=18.3 ms 64 bytes from 174.143.194.225: icmp_seq=2 ttl=54 time=17.5 ms 64 bytes from 174.143.194.225: icmp_seq=3 ttl=54 time=17.5 ms 64 bytes from 174.143.194.225: icmp_seq=4 ttl=54 time=17.4 ms --- openstack.org ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3022ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 17.489/17.715/18.346/0.364 ms #. From the *controller* node, :command:`ping` the management interface on the *network* node: .. code-block:: console # ping -c 4 network PING network (10.0.0.21) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from network (10.0.0.21): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.263 ms 64 bytes from network (10.0.0.21): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.202 ms 64 bytes from network (10.0.0.21): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.203 ms 64 bytes from network (10.0.0.21): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.202 ms --- network ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.202/0.217/0.263/0.030 ms #. From the *controller* node, :command:`ping` the management interface on the *compute* node: .. code-block:: console # ping -c 4 compute1 PING compute1 (10.0.0.31) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from compute1 (10.0.0.31): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.263 ms 64 bytes from compute1 (10.0.0.31): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.202 ms 64 bytes from compute1 (10.0.0.31): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.203 ms 64 bytes from compute1 (10.0.0.31): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.202 ms --- network ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.202/0.217/0.263/0.030 ms #. From the *network* node, :command:`ping` a site on the Internet: .. code-block:: console # ping -c 4 openstack.org PING openstack.org (174.143.194.225) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 174.143.194.225: icmp_seq=1 ttl=54 time=18.3 ms 64 bytes from 174.143.194.225: icmp_seq=2 ttl=54 time=17.5 ms 64 bytes from 174.143.194.225: icmp_seq=3 ttl=54 time=17.5 ms 64 bytes from 174.143.194.225: icmp_seq=4 ttl=54 time=17.4 ms --- openstack.org ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3022ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 17.489/17.715/18.346/0.364 ms #. From the *network* node, :command:`ping` the management interface on the *controller* node: .. code-block:: console # ping -c 4 controller PING controller (10.0.0.11) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from controller (10.0.0.11): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.263 ms 64 bytes from controller (10.0.0.11): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.202 ms 64 bytes from controller (10.0.0.11): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.203 ms 64 bytes from controller (10.0.0.11): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.202 ms --- controller ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.202/0.217/0.263/0.030 ms #. From the *network* node, :command:`ping` the instance tunnels interface on the *compute* node: .. code-block:: console # ping -c 4 10.0.1.31 PING 10.0.1.31 (10.0.1.31) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.1.31 (10.0.1.31): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.263 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.31 (10.0.1.31): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.202 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.31 (10.0.1.31): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.203 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.31 (10.0.1.31): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.202 ms --- 10.0.1.31 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.202/0.217/0.263/0.030 ms #. From the *compute* node, :command:`ping` a site on the Internet: .. code-block:: console # ping -c 4 openstack.org PING openstack.org (174.143.194.225) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 174.143.194.225: icmp_seq=1 ttl=54 time=18.3 ms 64 bytes from 174.143.194.225: icmp_seq=2 ttl=54 time=17.5 ms 64 bytes from 174.143.194.225: icmp_seq=3 ttl=54 time=17.5 ms 64 bytes from 174.143.194.225: icmp_seq=4 ttl=54 time=17.4 ms --- openstack.org ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3022ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 17.489/17.715/18.346/0.364 ms #. From the *compute* node, :command:`ping` the management interface on the *controller* node: .. code-block:: console # ping -c 4 controller PING controller (10.0.0.11) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from controller (10.0.0.11): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.263 ms 64 bytes from controller (10.0.0.11): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.202 ms 64 bytes from controller (10.0.0.11): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.203 ms 64 bytes from controller (10.0.0.11): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.202 ms --- controller ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.202/0.217/0.263/0.030 ms #. From the *compute* node, :command:`ping` the instance tunnels interface on the *network* node: .. code-block:: console # ping -c 4 10.0.1.21 PING 10.0.1.21 (10.0.1.21) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.0.1.21 (10.0.1.21): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.263 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.21 (10.0.1.21): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.202 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.21 (10.0.1.21): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.203 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.1.21 (10.0.1.21): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.202 ms --- 10.0.1.21 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.202/0.217/0.263/0.030 ms