openstack-manuals/doc/install-guide/section_neutron-ml2-network-node.xml
Christian Berendt 656f145def Use 'configure' instead of 'enable' when talking about kernel function configuration
Because we enable and disable kernel networking functions we should
use 'configure' instead of 'enable'.

Change-Id: Ia0aa260bfa49c076ab62fd3a161b986140c7912d
2014-09-12 17:18:31 +02:00

451 lines
20 KiB
XML

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
version="5.0"
xml:id="neutron-ml2-network-node">
<title>Configure network node</title>
<para>Before you install and configure OpenStack Networking, you
must configure certain kernel networking functions.</para>
<procedure>
<title>To configure kernel networking functions</title>
<step>
<para>Edit <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename> to contain the
following:</para>
<programlisting>net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=0</programlisting>
</step>
<step>
<para>Implement the changes:</para>
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>sysctl -p</userinput></screen>
</step>
</procedure>
<procedure os="ubuntu;rhel;centos;fedora;sles;opensuse">
<title>To install the Networking components</title>
<step>
<screen os="ubuntu"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>apt-get install neutron-plugin-ml2 \
neutron-plugin-openvswitch-agent openvswitch-datapath-dkms \
neutron-l3-agent neutron-dhcp-agent</userinput></screen>
<screen os="rhel;centos;fedora"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>yum install openstack-neutron openstack-neutron-ml2 \
openstack-neutron-openvswitch</userinput></screen>
<screen os="sles;opensuse"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper install openstack-neutron-openvswitch-agent openstack-neutron-l3-agent \
openstack-neutron-dhcp-agent openstack-neutron-metadata-agent</userinput></screen>
<note os="ubuntu">
<para>Ubuntu installations using Linux kernel version 3.11 or
newer do not require the
<emphasis>openvswitch-datapath-dkms</emphasis>
package.</para>
</note>
<note os="sles;opensuse">
<para>SUSE does not use a separate ML2 plug-in package.</para>
</note>
</step>
</procedure>
<procedure os="debian">
<title>To install and configure the Networking components</title>
<step>
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>apt-get install neutron-plugin-openvswitch-agent openvswitch-datapath-dkms \
neutron-l3-agent neutron-dhcp-agent</userinput></screen>
<note>
<para>Debian does not use a separate ML2 plug-in package.</para>
</note>
</step>
<step>
<para>Respond to prompts for <link
linkend="debconf-dbconfig-common">database
management</link>, <link linkend="debconf-keystone_authtoken"
>Identity service credentials</link>, <link
linkend="debconf-api-endpoints">service endpoint
registration</link>, and <link linkend="debconf-rabbitmq"
>message broker credentials</link>.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>Select the ML2 plug-in:</para>
<informalfigure>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata scale="50"
fileref="figures/debconf-screenshots/neutron_1_plugin_selection.png"
/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
</informalfigure>
<note>
<para>Selecting the ML2 plug-in also populates the
<option>service_plugins</option> and
<option>allow_overlapping_ips</option> keys in the
<filename>/etc/neutron/neutron.conf</filename> file with the
appropriate values.</para>
</note>
</step>
</procedure>
<procedure os="ubuntu;rhel;centos;fedora;sles;opensuse">
<title>To configure the Networking common components</title>
<para>The Networking common component configuration includes the
authentication mechanism, message broker, and plug-in.</para>
<step>
<para>Configure Networking to use the Identity service for
authentication:</para>
<substeps>
<step>
<para>Edit the
<filename>/etc/neutron/neutron.conf</filename> file and
add the following key to the <literal>[DEFAULT]</literal>
section:</para>
<programlisting language="ini">[DEFAULT]
...
auth_strategy = keystone</programlisting>
<para>Add the following keys to the
<literal>[keystone_authtoken]</literal> section:</para>
<para>Replace <replaceable>NEUTRON_PASS</replaceable> with
the password you chose for the <literal>neutron</literal>
user in the Identity service.</para>
<programlisting language="ini">[keystone_authtoken]
...
auth_uri = http://<replaceable>controller</replaceable>:5000
auth_host = <replaceable>controller</replaceable>
auth_protocol = http
auth_port = 35357
admin_tenant_name = service
admin_user = neutron
admin_password = <replaceable>NEUTRON_PASS</replaceable></programlisting>
</step>
</substeps>
</step>
<step>
<para>Configure Networking to use the message broker:</para>
<substeps>
<step>
<para>Edit the
<filename>/etc/neutron/neutron.conf</filename> file and
add the following keys to the <literal>[DEFAULT]</literal>
section:</para>
<para>Replace <replaceable>RABBIT_PASS</replaceable> with
the password you chose for the <literal>guest</literal>
account in <application>RabbitMQ</application>.</para>
<programlisting language="ini">[DEFAULT]
...
rpc_backend = neutron.openstack.common.rpc.impl_kombu
rabbit_host = <replaceable>controller</replaceable>
rabbit_password = <replaceable>RABBIT_PASS</replaceable></programlisting>
</step>
</substeps>
</step>
<step>
<para>Configure Networking to use the Modular Layer 2 (ML2)
plug-in and associated services:</para>
<substeps>
<step>
<para>Edit the
<filename>/etc/neutron/neutron.conf</filename> file and
add the following keys to the <literal>[DEFAULT]</literal>
section:</para>
<programlisting language="ini">[DEFAULT]
...
core_plugin = ml2
service_plugins = router
allow_overlapping_ips = True</programlisting>
<note>
<para>To assist with troubleshooting, add <literal>verbose
= True</literal> to the <literal>[DEFAULT]</literal>
section in the
<filename>/etc/neutron/neutron.conf</filename>
file.</para>
</note>
</step>
</substeps>
</step>
</procedure>
<procedure>
<title>To configure the Layer-3 (L3) agent</title>
<para>The <glossterm>Layer-3 (L3) agent</glossterm> provides
routing services for instance virtual networks.</para>
<step>
<para>Edit the <filename>/etc/neutron/l3_agent.ini</filename>
file and add the following keys to the
<literal>[DEFAULT]</literal> section:</para>
<programlisting language="ini">[DEFAULT]
...
interface_driver = neutron.agent.linux.interface.OVSInterfaceDriver
use_namespaces = True</programlisting>
<note>
<para>To assist with troubleshooting, add <literal>verbose =
True</literal> to the <literal>[DEFAULT]</literal> section
in the <filename>/etc/neutron/l3_agent.ini</filename>
file.</para>
</note>
</step>
</procedure>
<procedure>
<title>To configure the DHCP agent</title>
<para>The <glossterm>DHCP agent</glossterm> provides
<glossterm>DHCP</glossterm> services for instance virtual
networks.</para>
<step>
<para>Edit the <filename>/etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini</filename>
file and add the following keys to the
<literal>[DEFAULT]</literal> section:</para>
<programlisting language="ini">[DEFAULT]
...
interface_driver = neutron.agent.linux.interface.OVSInterfaceDriver
dhcp_driver = neutron.agent.linux.dhcp.Dnsmasq
use_namespaces = True</programlisting>
<note>
<para>To assist with troubleshooting, add <literal>verbose =
True</literal> to the <literal>[DEFAULT]</literal> section
in the <filename>/etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini</filename>
file.</para>
</note>
</step>
<step>
<para>Tunneling protocols such as
<glossterm>generic routing encapsulation (GRE)</glossterm>
include additional packet headers that increase overhead and
decrease space available for the payload or user data. Without
knowledge of the virtual network infrastructure, instances attempt
to send packets using the default Ethernet
<glossterm>maximum transmission unit (MTU)</glossterm> of 1500 bytes.
<glossterm>Internet protocol (IP)</glossterm> networks contain the
<glossterm>path MTU discovery (PMTUD)</glossterm> mechanism to detect
end-to-end MTU and adjust packet size accordingly. However, some
operating systems and networks block or otherwise lack support for
PMTUD causing performance degradation or connectivity failure.</para>
<para>Ideally, you can prevent these problems by enabling
<glossterm>jumbo frames</glossterm> on the physical network that
contains your tenant virtual networks. Jumbo frames support MTUs
up to approximately 9000 bytes which negates the impact of GRE
overhead on virtual networks. However, many network devices lack
support for jumbo frames and OpenStack administrators often lack
control of network infrastructure. Given the latter complications,
you can also prevent MTU problems by reducing the instance MTU to
account for GRE overhead. Determining the proper MTU value often
takes experimentation, but 1454 bytes works in most environments.
You can configure the <glossterm>DHCP</glossterm> server that assigns
IP addresses to your instances to also adjust the MTU.</para>
<note>
<para>Some cloud images such as CirrOS ignore the DHCP MTU
option.</para>
</note>
<substeps>
<step>
<para>Edit the <filename>/etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini</filename>
file and add the following keys to the
<literal>[DEFAULT]</literal> section:</para>
<programlisting language="ini">[DEFAULT]
...
dnsmasq_config_file = /etc/neutron/dnsmasq-neutron.conf</programlisting>
</step>
<step>
<para>Create and edit the
<filename>/etc/neutron/dnsmasq-neutron.conf</filename> file and
add the following keys:</para>
<programlisting>dhcp-option-force=26,1454</programlisting>
</step>
<step>
<para>Kill any existing
<systemitem role="process">dnsmasq</systemitem> processes:</para>
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkill dnsmasq</userinput></screen>
</step>
</substeps>
</step>
</procedure>
<procedure>
<title>To configure the metadata agent</title>
<para>The <glossterm>metadata agent</glossterm> provides
configuration information such as credentials for remote access
to instances.</para>
<step>
<para>Edit the
<filename>/etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini</filename> file
and add the following keys to the <literal>[DEFAULT]</literal>
section:</para>
<para>Replace <replaceable>NEUTRON_PASS</replaceable> with the
password you chose for the <literal>neutron</literal> user in
the Identity service. Replace
<replaceable>METADATA_SECRET</replaceable> with a suitable
secret for the metadata proxy.</para>
<programlisting language="ini">[DEFAULT]
...
auth_url = http://<replaceable>controller</replaceable>:5000/v2.0
auth_region = regionOne
admin_tenant_name = service
admin_user = neutron
admin_password = <replaceable>NEUTRON_PASS</replaceable>
nova_metadata_ip = <replaceable>controller</replaceable>
metadata_proxy_shared_secret = <replaceable>METADATA_SECRET</replaceable></programlisting>
<note>
<para>To assist with troubleshooting, add <literal>verbose =
True</literal> to the <literal>[DEFAULT]</literal> section
in the <filename>/etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini</filename>
file.</para>
</note>
</step>
<step>
<note>
<para>Perform the next two steps on the
<emphasis>controller</emphasis> node.</para>
</note>
</step>
<step>
<para>On the <emphasis>controller</emphasis> node, edit the
<filename>/etc/nova/nova.conf</filename> file and add the
following keys to the <literal>[DEFAULT]</literal>
section:</para>
<para>Replace <replaceable>METADATA_SECRET</replaceable> with
the secret you chose for the metadata proxy.</para>
<programlisting language="ini">[DEFAULT]
...
service_neutron_metadata_proxy = true
neutron_metadata_proxy_shared_secret = <replaceable>METADATA_SECRET</replaceable></programlisting>
</step>
<step>
<para>On the <emphasis>controller</emphasis> node, restart the
Compute <glossterm>API</glossterm> service:</para>
<screen os="rhel;centos;fedora;sles;opensuse"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service openstack-nova-api restart</userinput></screen>
<screen os="ubuntu;debian"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service nova-api restart</userinput></screen>
</step>
</procedure>
<procedure>
<title>To configure the Modular Layer 2 (ML2) plug-in</title>
<para>The ML2 plug-in uses the Open vSwitch (OVS) mechanism
(agent) to build virtual networking framework for
instances.</para>
<step>
<para>Edit the
<filename>/etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini</filename>
file.</para>
<para>Add the following keys to the <literal>[ml2]</literal>
section:</para>
<programlisting language="ini">[ml2]
...
type_drivers = gre
tenant_network_types = gre
mechanism_drivers = openvswitch</programlisting>
<para>Add the following keys to the
<literal>[ml2_type_gre]</literal> section:</para>
<programlisting language="ini">[ml2_type_gre]
...
tunnel_id_ranges = 1:1000</programlisting>
<para>Add the <literal>[ovs]</literal> section and the following
keys to it:</para>
<para>Replace
<replaceable>INSTANCE_TUNNELS_INTERFACE_IP_ADDRESS</replaceable>
with the IP address of the instance tunnels network interface
on your network node.</para>
<programlisting language="ini">[ovs]
...
local_ip = <replaceable>INSTANCE_TUNNELS_INTERFACE_IP_ADDRESS</replaceable>
tunnel_type = gre
enable_tunneling = True</programlisting>
<para>Add the <literal>[securitygroup]</literal> section and the
following keys to it:</para>
<programlisting language="ini">[securitygroup]
...
firewall_driver = neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.OVSHybridIptablesFirewallDriver
enable_security_group = True</programlisting>
</step>
</procedure>
<procedure>
<title>To configure the Open vSwitch (OVS) service</title>
<para>The OVS service provides the underlying virtual networking
framework for instances. The integration bridge
<literal>br-int</literal> handles internal instance network
traffic within OVS. The external bridge <literal>br-ex</literal>
handles external instance network traffic within OVS. The
external bridge requires a port on the physical external network
interface to provide instances with external network access. In
essence, this port bridges the virtual and physical external
networks in your environment.</para>
<step os="rhel;centos;fedora">
<para>Start the OVS service and configure it to start when the
system boots:</para>
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service openvswitch start</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig openvswitch on</userinput></screen>
</step>
<step os="sles;opensuse">
<para>Start the OVS service and configure it to start when the
system boots:</para>
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service openvswitch-switch start</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig openvswitch-switch on</userinput></screen>
</step>
<step os="debian;ubuntu">
<para>Restart the OVS service:</para>
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service openvswitch-switch restart</userinput></screen>
</step>
<step>
<para>Add the external bridge:</para>
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>ovs-vsctl add-br br-ex</userinput></screen>
</step>
<step>
<para>Add a port to the external bridge that connects to the
physical external network interface:</para>
<para>Replace <replaceable>INTERFACE_NAME</replaceable> with the
actual interface name. For example, <emphasis>eth2</emphasis>
or <emphasis>ens256</emphasis>.</para>
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>ovs-vsctl add-port br-ex <replaceable>INTERFACE_NAME</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<note>
<para>Depending on your network interface driver, you may need
to disable <glossterm>Generic Receive Offload
(GRO)</glossterm> to achieve suitable throughput between
your instances and the external network.</para>
<para>To temporarily disable GRO on the external network
interface while testing your environment:</para>
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>ethtool -K <replaceable>INTERFACE_NAME</replaceable> gro off</userinput></screen>
</note>
</step>
</procedure>
<procedure>
<title>To finalize the installation</title>
<step os="rhel;centos;fedora">
<para>The Networking service initialization scripts expect a
symbolic link <filename>/etc/neutron/plugin.ini</filename>
pointing to the configuration file associated with your chosen
plug-in. Using the ML2 plug-in, for example, the symbolic link
must point to
<filename>/etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini</filename>.
If this symbolic link does not exist, create it using the
following commands:</para>
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>ln -s /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini /etc/neutron/plugin.ini</userinput></screen></step>
<step os="sles;opensuse">
<para>The Networking service initialization scripts expect the
variable <literal>NEUTRON_PLUGIN_CONF</literal> in the
<filename>/etc/sysconfig/neutron</filename> file to
reference the configuration file associated with your chosen
plug-in. Using ML2, for example, edit the
<filename>/etc/sysconfig/neutron</filename> file and add the
following:</para>
<programlisting>NEUTRON_PLUGIN_CONF="/etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini"</programlisting>
</step>
<step os="rhel;centos;fedora;sles;opensuse">
<para>Start the Networking services and configure them to start
when the system boots:</para>
<screen os="rhel;centos;fedora"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service neutron-openvswitch-agent start</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service neutron-l3-agent start</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service neutron-dhcp-agent start</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service neutron-metadata-agent start</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig neutron-openvswitch-agent on</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig neutron-l3-agent on</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig neutron-dhcp-agent on</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig neutron-metadata-agent on</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig neutron-ovs-cleanup on</userinput></screen>
<screen os="sles;opensuse"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service openstack-neutron-openvswitch-agent start</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service openstack-neutron-l3-agent start</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service openstack-neutron-dhcp-agent start</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service openstack-neutron-metadata-agent start</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig openstack-neutron-openvswitch-agent on</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig openstack-neutron-l3-agent on</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig openstack-neutron-dhcp-agent on</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig openstack-neutron-metadata-agent on</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig openstack-neutron-ovs-cleanup on</userinput></screen>
</step>
<step os="ubuntu;debian">
<para>Restart the Networking services:</para>
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service neutron-plugin-openvswitch-agent restart</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service neutron-l3-agent restart</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service neutron-dhcp-agent restart</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service neutron-metadata-agent restart</userinput></screen>
</step>
</procedure>
</section>