283 lines
17 KiB
XML
283 lines
17 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0"
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xml:id="cli_launch_instances">
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<title wordsize="20">Launch instances</title>
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<para>Instances are virtual machines that run inside the
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cloud.</para>
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<para>Before you can launch an instance, gather the following
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parameters:</para>
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<itemizedlist xml:id="instance_parameters">
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<listitem>
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<para>The <guilabel>instance source</guilabel>, which is
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an image or snapshot. Alternatively, you can boot from
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a volume, which is block storage, to which you've
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copied an image or snapshot.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The <guilabel>image</guilabel> or
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<guilabel>snapshot</guilabel>, which represents
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the operating system.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>A <guilabel>name</guilabel> for your instance.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The <emphasis role="bold">flavor</emphasis> for your
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instance, which defines the compute, memory, and
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storage capacity of nova computing instances. A flavor
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is an available hardware configuration for a server.
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It defines the "size" of a virtual server that can be
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launched.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><literal>User Data</literal> is a special key in the
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metadata service that holds a file that cloud-aware
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applications in the guest instance can access. For
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example. the <link
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xlink:href="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CloudInit"
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>cloudinit</link> system is an open-source package
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from Ubuntu that is available on various Linux
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distributions including Ubuntu, Fedora, and openSUSE
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and that handles early initialization of a cloud
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instance that uses <literal>user
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data</literal>.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Access and security credentials, which include one
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or both of the following credentials:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>A <emphasis role="bold">keypair</emphasis>
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for your instance, which are SSH credentials
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that are injected into images when they are
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launched. For this to work, the image must
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contain the <literal>cloud-init</literal>
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package. Create at least one keypair for each
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project. If you already have generated a
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keypair with an external tool, you can import
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it into OpenStack. You can use the keypair for
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multiple instances that belong to that
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project.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>A <emphasis role="bold">security
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group</emphasis>, which defines which
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incoming network traffic is forwarded to
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instances. Security groups hold a set of
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firewall policies, known as <emphasis
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role="italic">security group
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rules</emphasis>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>If needed, you can assign a <emphasis role="bold"
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>floating (public) IP address</emphasis> to a
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running instance and attach a block storage device, or
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volume, for persistent storage.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>After you gather the parameters you need to launch an
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instance, you can launch it from an
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<link linkend="launch_from_image">image</link> or a
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<link linkend="boot_from_volume">volume</link>.</para>
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<para>You can launch an instance directly from one of the
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available OpenStack images or from an image that you have
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copied to a persistent volume. The OpenStack Image Service
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provides a pool of images that are accessible to members of
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different projects.</para>
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<?hard-pagebreak?>
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<section xml:id="gather_parms">
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<title wordsize="20">Gather parameters to launch an
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instance</title>
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<procedure>
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<step>
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<para>On a shell, source the OpenStack RC file. See
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<xref linkend="cli_openrc"/>.</para>
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</step>
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<step>
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<para>List the available flavors:</para>
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<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>nova flavor-list</userinput></screen>
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<screen><?db-font-size 55%?><computeroutput>+----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+
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| ID | Name | Memory_MB | Disk | Ephemeral | Swap | VCPUs | RXTX_Factor | Is_Public |
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+----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+
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| 1 | m1.tiny | 512 | 0 | 0 | | 1 | 1.0 | True |
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| 2 | m1.small | 2048 | 20 | 0 | | 1 | 1.0 | True |
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| 3 | m1.medium | 4096 | 40 | 0 | | 2 | 1.0 | True |
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| 4 | m1.large | 8192 | 80 | 0 | | 4 | 1.0 | True |
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| 42 | m1.nano | 64 | 0 | 0 | | 1 | 1.0 | True |
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| 5 | m1.xlarge | 16384 | 160 | 0 | | 8 | 1.0 | True |
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| 84 | m1.micro | 128 | 0 | 0 | | 1 | 1.0 | True |
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+----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+</computeroutput></screen>
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<para>Note the ID of the flavor that you want to use
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for your instance.</para>
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</step>
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<step>
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<para>List the available images:</para>
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<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>nova image-list</userinput></screen>
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<screen><?db-font-size 55%?><computeroutput>+--------------------------------------+---------------------------------+--------+--------+
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| ID | Name | Status | Server |
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+--------------------------------------+---------------------------------+--------+--------+
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| 397e713c-b95b-4186-ad46-6126863ea0a9 | cirros-0.3.1-x86_64-uec | ACTIVE | |
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| df430cc2-3406-4061-b635-a51c16e488ac | cirros-0.3.1-x86_64-uec-kernel | ACTIVE | |
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| 3cf852bd-2332-48f4-9ae4-7d926d50945e | cirros-0.3.1-x86_64-uec-ramdisk | ACTIVE | |
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+--------------------------------------+---------------------------------+--------+--------+</computeroutput></screen>
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<para>You can also filter the image list by using grep
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to find a specific image, like this:</para>
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<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>nova image-list | grep 'kernel'</userinput></screen>
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<screen><?db-font-size 55%?><computeroutput>| df430cc2-3406-4061-b635-a51c16e488ac | cirros-0.3.1-x86_64-uec-kernel | ACTIVE | |</computeroutput></screen>
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<para>Note the ID of the image that you want to boot
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your instance from.</para>
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</step>
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<step>
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<para>List the available security groups:</para>
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<note>
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<para>If you are an admin user, specify the
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<literal>--all-tenants</literal> parameter
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to list groups for all tenants.</para>
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</note>
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<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>nova secgroup-list --all-tenants</userinput></screen>
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<screen><?db-font-size 65%?><computeroutput>+----+---------+-------------+----------------------------------+
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| Id | Name | Description | Tenant_ID |
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+----+---------+-------------+----------------------------------+
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| 2 | default | default | 66265572db174a7aa66eba661f58eb9e |
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| 1 | default | default | b70d90d65e464582b6b2161cf3603ced |
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+----+---------+-------------+----------------------------------+</computeroutput></screen>
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<para>If you have not created any security groups, you
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can assign the instance to only the default
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security group.</para>
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<para>You can also list rules for a specified security
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group:</para>
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<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>nova secgroup-list-rules default</userinput> </screen>
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<para>This example modifies the default security group
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to allow HTTP traffic on the instance by
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permitting TCP traffic on Port 80.</para>
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</step>
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<step>
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<para>List the available keypairs.</para>
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<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>nova keypair-list</userinput></screen>
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<para>Note the name of the keypair that you use for
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SSH access.</para>
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</step>
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</procedure>
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</section>
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<?hard-pagebreak?>
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<section xml:id="launch_from_image">
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<title wordsize="20">Launch an instance from an image</title>
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<procedure>
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<step>
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<para>Now you have all parameters required to launch
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an instance, run the following command and specify
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the server name, flavor ID, and image ID.
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Optionally, you can provide a key name for access
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control and security group for security. You can
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also include metadata key and value pairs. For
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example you can add a description for your server
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by providing the <parameter>--meta description="My
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Server"</parameter> parameter.</para>
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<para>You can pass user data in a local file at
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instance launch by using the flag
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<parameter>--user-data
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<replaceable>USER-DATA-FILE</replaceable></parameter>
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parameter.</para>
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<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>nova boot --flavor <replaceable>FLAVOR_ID</replaceable> --image <replaceable>IMAGE_ID</replaceable> --key_name <replaceable>KEY_NAME</replaceable> \
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--user-data mydata.file --security_group <replaceable>SEC_GROUP NAME_FOR_INSTANCE</replaceable> \
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--meta <replaceable>KEY=VALUE</replaceable> --meta
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<replaceable>KEY=VALUE</replaceable> \
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<replaceable>SERVER_NAME</replaceable></userinput></screen>
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<para>Depending on the parameters that you provide,
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the command returns a list of server
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properties.</para>
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<para>A status of <literal>BUILD</literal> indicates
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that the instance has started, but is not yet
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online.</para>
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<para>A status of <literal>ACTIVE</literal> indicates
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that the instance is active.</para>
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<screen><?db-font-size 50%?><computeroutput>+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
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| Property | Value |
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+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
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| OS-EXT-STS:task_state | scheduling |
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| image | cirros-0.3.1-x86_64-uec |
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| OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | building |
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| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name | instance-00000002 |
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| flavor | m1.small |
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| id | b3cdc6c0-85a7-4904-ae85-71918f734048 |
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| security_groups | [{u'name': u'default'}] |
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| user_id | 376744b5910b4b4da7d8e6cb483b06a8 |
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| OS-DCF:diskConfig | MANUAL |
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| accessIPv4 | |
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| accessIPv6 | |
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| progress | 0 |
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| OS-EXT-STS:power_state | 0 |
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| OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone | nova |
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| config_drive | |
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| status | BUILD |
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| updated | 2013-07-16T16:25:34Z |
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| hostId | |
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| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host | None |
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| key_name | None |
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| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname | None |
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| name | myCirrosServer |
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| adminPass | tVs5pL8HcPGw |
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| tenant_id | 66265572db174a7aa66eba661f58eb9e |
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| created | 2013-07-16T16:25:34Z |
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| metadata | {} |
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+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------</computeroutput></screen>
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<para>Copy the server ID value from the
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<literal>id</literal> field in the output. You
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use this ID to get details for or delete your
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server.</para>
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<para>Copy the administrative password value from the
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<literal>adminPass</literal> field. You use
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this value to log into your server.</para>
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<note>
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<para>Arbitrary local files can also be placed
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into the instance file system at creation time
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using the <literal>--file
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<dst-path=src-path></literal>
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option. You may store up to 5 files. For
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example if you have a special authorized_keys
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file named
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<filename>special_authorized_keysfile</filename>
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that you want to put on the instance rather
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than using the regular ssh key injection, you
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can use the following
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command:<screen> <prompt>$</prompt> <userinput><?db-font-size 75%?>nova boot --image ubuntu-cloudimage --flavor 1 \
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--file /root/.ssh/authorized_keys=special_authorized_keysfile</userinput></screen></para>
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</note>
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</step>
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<step>
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<para>Check if the instance is online:</para>
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<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput><?db-font-size 75%?>nova list</userinput></screen>
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<para>The list shows the ID, name, status, and private
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(and if assigned, public) IP addresses for all
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instances in the project that you belong
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to:</para>
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<screen><?db-font-size 50%?><computeroutput>+--------------------------------------+----------------------+--------+------------+-------------+------------------+
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| ID | Name | Status | Task State | Power State | Networks |
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+--------------------------------------+----------------------+--------+------------+-------------+------------------+
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| 84c6e57d-a6b1-44b6-81eb-fcb36afd31b5 | myCirrosServer | ACTIVE | None | Running | private=10.0.0.3 |
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| 8a99547e-7385-4ad1-ae50-4ecfaaad5f42 | myInstanceFromVolume | ACTIVE | None | Running | private=10.0.0.4 |
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+--------------------------------------+----------------------+--------+------------+-------------+------------------+</computeroutput></screen>
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<para>If the status for the instance is ACTIVE, the
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instance is online.</para>
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<para>To view the available options for the
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<command>nova list</command> command, run the
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following command:</para>
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<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput><?db-font-size 75%?>nova help list</userinput></screen>
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</step>
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<step>
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<para>If you did not provide a keypair, security
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groups, or rules, you can only access the instance
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from inside the cloud through VNC. Even pinging
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the instance is not possible.</para>
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</step>
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</procedure>
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</section>
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<?hard-pagebreak?>
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<xi:include href="section_nova_boot_from_volume.xml"/>
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</section>
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