177 lines
8.6 KiB
XML
177 lines
8.6 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
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version="5.0"
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xml:id="ch_creating_images_automatically">
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<title>Tool support for image creation</title>
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<?dbhtml stop-chunking?>
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<para>There are several tools that are designed to automate image
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creation.</para>
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<section xml:id="oz">
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<title>Oz</title>
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<para><link
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xlink:href="https://github.com/clalancette/oz/wiki"
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>Oz</link> is a command-line tool that automates the
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process of creating a virtual machine image file. Oz is a
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Python app that interacts with KVM to step through the
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process of installing a virtual machine. It uses a
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predefined set of kickstart (Red Hat-based systems) and
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preseed files (Debian-based systems) for operating systems
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that it supports, and it can also be used to create
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Microsoft Windows images. On Fedora, install Oz with yum:<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>yum install oz</userinput></screen><note>
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<para>As of this writing, there are no Oz packages for
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Ubuntu, so you will need to either install from
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source or build your own .deb file.</para>
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</note></para>
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<para>A full treatment of Oz is beyond the scope of this
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document, but we will provide an example. You can find
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additional examples of Oz template files on GitHub at
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<link
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xlink:href="https://github.com/rackerjoe/oz-image-build/tree/master/templates"
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>rackerjoe/oz-image-build/templates</link>. Here's how
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you would create a CentOS 6.4 image with Oz.</para>
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<para>Create a template file (we'll call it
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<filename>centos64.tdl</filename>) with the following
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contents. The only entry you will need to change is the
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<literal><rootpw></literal>
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contents.<programlisting language="xml"><template>
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<name>centos64</name>
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<os>
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<name>CentOS-6</name>
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<version>4</version>
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<arch>x86_64</arch>
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<install type='iso'>
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<iso>http://mirror.rackspace.com/CentOS/6/isos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso</iso>
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</install>
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<rootpw>CHANGE THIS TO YOUR ROOT PASSWORD</rootpw>
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</os>
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<description>CentOS 6.4 x86_64</description>
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<repositories>
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<repository name='epel-6'>
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<url>http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch</url>
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<signed>no</signed>
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</repository>
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</repositories>
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<packages>
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<package name='epel-release'/>
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<package name='cloud-utils'/>
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<package name='cloud-init'/>
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</packages>
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<commands>
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<command name='update'>
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yum update
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yum clean all
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sed -i '/^HWADDR/d' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
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echo -n > /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
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echo -n > /lib/udev/rules.d/75-persistent-net-generator.rules
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</command>
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</commands>
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</template></programlisting>
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</para>
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<para>This Oz template specifies where to download the Centos
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6.4 install ISO. Oz will use the version information to
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identify which kickstart file to use. In this case, it
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will be <link
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xlink:href="https://github.com/clalancette/oz/blob/master/oz/auto/RHEL6.auto"
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>RHEL6.auto</link>. It adds EPEL as a repository and
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installs the <literal>epel-release</literal>,
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<literal>cloud-utils</literal>, and
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<literal>cloud-init</literal> packages, as specified
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in the <literal>packages</literal> section of the
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file.</para>
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<para>After Oz does the initial OS install using the kickstart
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file, it customizes the image by doing an update. It also
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removes any reference to the eth0 device that libvirt
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creates while Oz does the customizing, as specified
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in the <literal>command</literal> section of the XML
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file.</para>
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<para>To run this, do, as root:</para>
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<para><screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>oz-install -d3 -u centos64.tdl -x centos64-libvirt.xml</userinput></screen><itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>The <literal>-d3</literal> flag tells Oz to
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show status information as it runs.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The <literal>-u</literal> tells Oz to do the
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customization (install extra packages, run the
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commands) once it does the initial
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install.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The <literal>-x <filename></literal> flag
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tells Oz what filename to use to write out a
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libvirt XML file (otherwise it will default to
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something like
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<filename>centos64Apr_03_2013-12:39:42</filename>).</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>If you leave out the <literal>-u</literal>
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flag, or you want to edit the file to do additional
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customizations, you can use the
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<command>oz-customize</command> command, using the
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libvirt XML file that <command>oz-install</command>
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creates. For example:
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<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>oz-customize -d3 centos64.tdl centos64-libvirt.xml</userinput></screen>
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Oz will invoke libvirt to boot the image inside of KVM,
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then Oz will ssh into the instance and perform the
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customizations.</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="vmbuilder">
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<title>VMBuilder</title>
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<para><link xlink:href="https://launchpad.net/vmbuilder"
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>VMBuilder</link> (Virtual Machine Builder) is a
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command-line tool that creates virtual machine images for
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different hypervisors. The version of VMBuilder that ships
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with Ubuntu can only create Ubuntu virtual machine guests.
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The version of VMBuilder that ships with Debian can create
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Ubuntu and Debian virtual machine guests.</para>
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<para>The <link
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xlink:href="https://help.ubuntu.com/12.04/serverguide/jeos-and-vmbuilder.html"
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><citetitle>Ubuntu Server Guide</citetitle></link>
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has documentation on how to use VMBuilder to create an
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Ubuntu image.</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="boxgrinder">
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<title>BoxGrinder</title>
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<para>
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<link xlink:href="http://boxgrinder.org/"
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>BoxGrinder</link> is another tool for creating
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virtual machine images, which it calls appliances.
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BoxGrinder can create Fedora, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, or
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CentOS images. BoxGrinder is currently only supported on
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Fedora.</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="veewee">
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<title>VeeWee</title>
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<para><link xlink:href="https://github.com/jedi4ever/veewee">
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VeeWee</link> is often used to build <link
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xlink:href="http://vagrantup.com">Vagrant</link>
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boxes, but it can also be used to build KVM images.</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="packer">
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<title>Packer</title>
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<para><link xlink:href="http://www.packer.io/">
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Packer</link> is a tool for creating machine images for multiple platforms
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from a single source configuration.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="imagefactory">
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<title>imagefactory</title>
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<para><link xlink:href="http://imgfac.org/"
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>imagefactory</link> is a newer tool designed to
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automate the building, converting, and uploading images to
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different cloud providers. It uses Oz as its back-end and
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includes support for OpenStack-based clouds.</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="susestudio">
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<title>SUSE Studio</title>
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<para><link xlink:href="http://susestudio.com">SUSE
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Studio</link> is a web application for building and
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testing software applications in a web browser. It
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supports the creation of physical, virtual or cloud-based
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applications and includes support for building images for
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OpenStack based clouds using SUSE Linux Enterprise and
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openSUSE as distributions.</para>
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</section>
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</chapter>
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