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Chapter 6. Tool support for image creation in OpenStack Virtual Machine Image Guide - current - DiskImageBuilder link is wrong In sentence "This example creates the image as before, but for arm architecture. More elements are available in the git source directory and documented in the diskimage-builder documentation. " the hyperlink referred by "diskimage-builder " is wrong. It's http://docs.openstack.org/developer/diskimage-builder/elements.html (pointing to a section of the documentation) but should be http://docs.openstack.org/developer/diskimage-builder/ (pointing to the documentation main page) change word "diskimage-builder documentation" to "diskimage-builder elements documentation." Change-Id: I7deae6416b640ae96fddbcc0fbf469f72d5fd285 Closes-Bug: #1473040
195 lines
10 KiB
XML
195 lines
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XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
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version="5.0"
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xml:id="ch_creating_images_automatically">
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<title>Tool support for image creation</title>
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<?dbhtml stop-chunking?>
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<para>There are several tools that are designed to automate image
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creation.</para>
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<section xml:id="Diskimage-builder">
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<title>Diskimage-builder</title>
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<para><link xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/developer/diskimage-builder/"
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>Diskimage-builder</link> is an automated disk image creation
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tool that supports a variety of distributions and architectures.
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Diskimage-builder (DIB) can build images for Fedora,
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Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS, and openSUSE.
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DIB is organized in a series of elements that build on top of
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each other to create specific images.</para>
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<para>To build an image, call the following script:</para>
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<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>disk-image-create ubuntu vm</userinput></screen>
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<para>This example creates a generic, bootable Ubuntu image of the latest
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release.</para>
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<para>Further customization could be accomplished by setting
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environment variables or adding elements to the command-line:</para>
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<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>disk-image-create -a armhf ubuntu vm</userinput></screen>
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<para>This example creates the image as before, but for arm architecture.
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More elements are available in the
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<link xlink:href="https://github.com/openstack/diskimage-builder/tree/master/elements"
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>git source directory</link> and documented in the <link
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xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/developer/diskimage-builder/elements.html"
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>diskimage-builder elements documentation</link>.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="oz">
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<title>Oz</title>
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<para><link xlink:href="https://github.com/clalancette/oz/wiki"
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>Oz</link> is a command-line tool that automates the process of
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creating a virtual machine image file. Oz is a Python app that
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interacts with KVM to step through the process of installing a
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virtual machine. It uses a predefined set of kickstart (Red
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Hat-based systems) and preseed files (Debian-based systems) for
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operating systems that it supports, and it can also be used to
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create Microsoft Windows images. On Fedora, install Oz with yum:</para>
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<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>yum install oz</userinput></screen>
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<note><para>As of this writing, there are no Oz packages for Ubuntu,
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so you will need to either install from the source or build your
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own .deb file.</para>
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</note>
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<para>A full treatment of Oz is beyond the scope of this document, but
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we will provide an example. You can find additional examples of Oz
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template files on GitHub at <link
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xlink:href="https://github.com/rackerjoe/oz-image-build/tree/master/templates"
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>rackerjoe/oz-image-build/templates</link>. Here's how you would
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create a CentOS 6.4 image with Oz.</para>
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<para>Create a template file (we'll call it
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<filename>centos64.tdl</filename>) with the following contents.
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The only entry you will need to change is the
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<literal><rootpw></literal>
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contents.</para>
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<programlisting language="xml"><template>
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<name>centos64</name>
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<os>
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<name>CentOS-6</name>
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<version>4</version>
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<arch>x86_64</arch>
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<install type='iso'>
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<iso>http://mirror.rackspace.com/CentOS/6/isos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso</iso>
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</install>
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<rootpw>CHANGE THIS TO YOUR ROOT PASSWORD</rootpw>
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</os>
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<description>CentOS 6.4 x86_64</description>
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<repositories>
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<repository name='epel-6'>
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<url>http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch</url>
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<signed>no</signed>
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</repository>
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</repositories>
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<packages>
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<package name='epel-release'/>
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<package name='cloud-utils'/>
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<package name='cloud-init'/>
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</packages>
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<commands>
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<command name='update'>
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yum -y update
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yum clean all
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sed -i '/^HWADDR/d' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
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echo -n > /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
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echo -n > /lib/udev/rules.d/75-persistent-net-generator.rules
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</command>
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</commands>
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</template></programlisting>
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<para>This Oz template specifies where to download the Centos 6.4
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install ISO. Oz will use the version information to identify which
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kickstart file to use. In this case, it will be <link
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xlink:href="https://github.com/clalancette/oz/blob/master/oz/auto/RHEL6.auto"
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>RHEL6.auto</link>. It adds EPEL as a repository and install the
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<literal>epel-release</literal>, <literal>cloud-utils</literal>,
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and <literal>cloud-init</literal> packages, as specified in the
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<literal>packages</literal> section of the file.</para>
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<para>After Oz completes the initial OS install using the kickstart file,
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it customizes the image with an update. It also removes any reference to the eth0
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device that libvirt creates while Oz does the customizing, as
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specified in the <literal>command</literal> section of the XML
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file.</para>
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<para>To run this:</para>
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<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>oz-install -d3 -u centos64.tdl -x centos64-libvirt.xml</userinput></screen>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>The <literal>-d3</literal> flag tells Oz to show
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status information as it runs.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The <literal>-u</literal> tells Oz to do the
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customization (install extra packages, run the commands)
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once it does the initial install.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The <literal>-x <filename></literal> flag tells Oz
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what filename to use to write out a libvirt XML file
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(otherwise it will default to something like
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<filename>centos64Apr_03_2013-12:39:42</filename>).</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>If you leave out the <literal>-u</literal> flag, or
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you want to edit the file to do additional customizations, you can
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use the <command>oz-customize</command> command, using the libvirt
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XML file that <command>oz-install</command> creates. For example:</para>
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<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>oz-customize -d3 centos64.tdl centos64-libvirt.xml</userinput></screen>
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<para>Oz will invoke libvirt to boot the image inside of KVM, then Oz will
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ssh into the instance and perform the customizations.</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="vmbuilder">
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<title>VMBuilder</title>
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<para><link xlink:href="https://launchpad.net/vmbuilder"
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>VMBuilder</link> (Virtual Machine Builder) is a
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command-line tool that creates virtual machine images for
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different hypervisors. The version of VMBuilder that ships
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with Ubuntu can only create Ubuntu virtual machine guests.
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The version of VMBuilder that ships with Debian can create
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Ubuntu and Debian virtual machine guests.</para>
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<para>The <link
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xlink:href="https://help.ubuntu.com/12.04/serverguide/jeos-and-vmbuilder.html"
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><citetitle>Ubuntu Server Guide</citetitle></link>
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has documentation on how to use VMBuilder to create an
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Ubuntu image.</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="boxgrinder">
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<title>BoxGrinder</title>
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<para>
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<link xlink:href="http://boxgrinder.org/"
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>BoxGrinder</link> is another tool for creating
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virtual machine images, which it calls appliances.
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BoxGrinder can create Fedora, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, or
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CentOS images. BoxGrinder is currently only supported on
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Fedora.</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="veewee">
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<title>VeeWee</title>
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<para><link xlink:href="https://github.com/jedi4ever/veewee">
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VeeWee</link> is often used to build <link
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xlink:href="http://vagrantup.com">Vagrant</link>
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boxes, but it can also be used to build KVM images.</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="packer">
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<title>Packer</title>
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<para><link xlink:href="https://packer.io">
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Packer</link> is a tool for creating machine images for multiple platforms
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from a single source configuration.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="imagefactory">
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<title>imagefactory</title>
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<para><link xlink:href="http://imgfac.org/"
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>imagefactory</link> is a newer tool designed to
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automate the building, converting, and uploading images to
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different cloud providers. It uses Oz as its back-end and
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includes support for OpenStack-based clouds.</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="susestudio">
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<title>SUSE Studio</title>
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<para><link xlink:href="http://susestudio.com">SUSE
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Studio</link> is a web application for building and
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testing software applications in a web browser. It
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supports the creation of physical, virtual or cloud-based
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applications and includes support for building images for
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OpenStack based clouds using SUSE Linux Enterprise and
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openSUSE as distributions.</para>
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</section>
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</chapter>
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