206 lines
11 KiB
XML
206 lines
11 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
|
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
|
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
|
|
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
|
version="5.0"
|
|
xml:id="ubuntu-image">
|
|
<title>Example: Ubuntu image</title>
|
|
<para>This example installs a Ubuntu 14.04 (Trusty Tahr) image. To create an image for a
|
|
different version of Ubuntu, follow these steps with the noted differences.</para>
|
|
<simplesect>
|
|
<title>Download an Ubuntu install ISO</title>
|
|
<para>Because the goal is to make the smallest possible base image, this example uses the
|
|
network installation ISO. The Ubuntu 64-bit 14.04 network installer ISO is at <link
|
|
xlink:href="http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty/main/installer-amd64/current/images/netboot/mini.iso"
|
|
>http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty/main/installer-amd64/current/images/netboot/mini.iso</link>.</para>
|
|
</simplesect>
|
|
<simplesect>
|
|
<title>Start the install process</title>
|
|
<para>Start the installation process by using either <command>virt-manager</command> or
|
|
<command>virt-install</command> as described in the previous section. If you use
|
|
<command>virt-install</command>, do not forget to connect your VNC client to the
|
|
virtual machine.</para>
|
|
<para>Assume that the name of your virtual machine image is <literal>ubuntu-14.04</literal>,
|
|
which you need to know when you use <command>virsh</command> commands to manipulate the
|
|
state of the image.</para>
|
|
<para>If you are using <command>virt-manager</command>, the commands should look something
|
|
like this:</para>
|
|
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>qemu-img create -f qcow2 /tmp/trusty.qcow2 10G</userinput>
|
|
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>virt-install --virt-type kvm --name trusty --ram 1024 \
|
|
--cdrom=/data/isos/trusty-64-mini.iso \
|
|
--disk /tmp/trusty.qcow2,format=qcow2 \
|
|
--network network=default \
|
|
--graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 --noautoconsole \
|
|
--os-type=linux --os-variant=ubuntutrusty</userinput></screen>
|
|
</simplesect>
|
|
<simplesect>
|
|
<title>Step through the install</title>
|
|
<para>At the initial Installer boot menu, choose the <guilabel>Install</guilabel> option.
|
|
Step through the install prompts, the defaults should be fine.</para>
|
|
<mediaobject>
|
|
<imageobject>
|
|
<imagedata fileref="figures/ubuntu-install.png" format="PNG" contentwidth="6in"/>
|
|
</imageobject>
|
|
</mediaobject>
|
|
</simplesect>
|
|
<simplesect>
|
|
<title>Hostname</title>
|
|
<para>The installer may ask you to choose a hostname. The default
|
|
(<literal>ubuntu</literal>) is fine. We will install the cloud-init package later, which
|
|
will set the hostname on boot when a new instance is provisioned using this
|
|
image.</para>
|
|
|
|
</simplesect>
|
|
<simplesect>
|
|
<title>Select a mirror</title>
|
|
<para>The default mirror proposed by the installer should be fine.</para>
|
|
</simplesect>
|
|
<simplesect>
|
|
<title>Step through the install</title>
|
|
<para>Step through the install, using the default options. When prompted for a user name,
|
|
the default (<systemitem class="username">ubuntu</systemitem>) is fine.</para>
|
|
</simplesect>
|
|
<simplesect>
|
|
<title>Partition the disks</title>
|
|
<para>There are different options for partitioning the disks. The default installation will
|
|
use LVM partitions, and will create three partitions (<filename>/boot</filename>,
|
|
<filename>/</filename>, swap), and this will work fine. Alternatively, you may wish
|
|
to create a single ext4 partition, mounted to "<literal>/</literal>", should also work
|
|
fine.</para>
|
|
<para>If unsure, we recommend you use the installer's default partition scheme, since there
|
|
is no clear advantage to one scheme or another.</para>
|
|
</simplesect>
|
|
<simplesect>
|
|
<title>Automatic updates</title>
|
|
<para>The Ubuntu installer will ask how you want to manage upgrades on your system. This
|
|
option depends on your specific use case. If your virtual machine instances will be
|
|
connected to the Internet, we recommend "Install security updates automatically".</para>
|
|
</simplesect>
|
|
<simplesect>
|
|
<title>Software selection: OpenSSH server</title>
|
|
<para>Choose "OpenSSH server"so that you will be able to SSH into the virtual machine when
|
|
it launches inside of an OpenStack cloud.</para>
|
|
<mediaobject>
|
|
<imageobject>
|
|
<imagedata fileref="figures/ubuntu-software-selection.png" format="PNG"
|
|
contentwidth="6in"/>
|
|
</imageobject>
|
|
</mediaobject>
|
|
</simplesect>
|
|
<simplesect>
|
|
<title>Install GRUB boot loader</title>
|
|
<para>Select "Yes" when asked about installing the GRUB boot loader to the master boot
|
|
record.</para>
|
|
<mediaobject>
|
|
<imageobject>
|
|
<imagedata fileref="figures/ubuntu-grub.png" format="PNG" contentwidth="6in"/>
|
|
</imageobject>
|
|
</mediaobject>
|
|
</simplesect>
|
|
<simplesect>
|
|
<title>Detach the CD-ROM and reboot</title>
|
|
<para>Select the defaults for all of the remaining options. When the installation is
|
|
complete, you will be prompted to remove the CD-ROM.</para>
|
|
|
|
<mediaobject>
|
|
<imageobject>
|
|
<imagedata fileref="figures/ubuntu-finished.png" format="PNG" contentwidth="6in"/>
|
|
</imageobject>
|
|
</mediaobject>
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>When you hit "Continue" the virtual machine will shut down, even though it says it
|
|
will reboot.</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
<para>To eject a disk using <command>virsh</command>, libvirt requires that you attach an
|
|
empty disk at the same target that the CDROM was previously attached, which should be
|
|
<literal>hdc</literal>. You can confirm the appropriate target using the
|
|
<command>dom dumpxml <replaceable>vm-image</replaceable></command> command.</para>
|
|
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>virsh dumpxml trusty</userinput>
|
|
<computeroutput><domain type='kvm'>
|
|
<name>trusty</name>
|
|
...
|
|
<disk type='block' device='cdrom'>
|
|
<driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
|
|
<target dev='hdc' bus='ide'/>
|
|
<readonly/>
|
|
<address type='drive' controller='0' bus='1' target='0' unit='0'/>
|
|
</disk>
|
|
...
|
|
</domain>
|
|
</computeroutput></screen>
|
|
<para>Run the following commands in the host as root to start up the machine again as
|
|
paused, eject the disk and resume. If you are using virt-manager, you may use the GUI
|
|
instead.</para>
|
|
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>virsh start trusty --paused</userinput>
|
|
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>virsh attach-disk --type cdrom --mode readonly trusty "" hdc</userinput>
|
|
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>virsh resume trusty</userinput></screen>
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>In the previous example, you paused the instance paused, ejected the disk, and
|
|
unpaused the instance. In theory, you could have ejected the disk at the
|
|
<guilabel>Installation complete</guilabel> screen. However, our testing
|
|
indicates that the Ubuntu installer locks the drive so that it cannot be ejected at
|
|
that point.</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</simplesect>
|
|
<simplesect>
|
|
<title>Log in to newly created image</title>
|
|
<para>When you boot for the first time after install, it may ask you about authentication
|
|
tools, you can just choose 'Exit'. Then, log in as root using the root password you
|
|
specified.</para>
|
|
</simplesect>
|
|
<simplesect>
|
|
<title>Install cloud-init</title>
|
|
<para>The <command>cloud-init</command> script starts on instance boot and will search for a
|
|
metadata provider to fetch a public key from. The public key will be placed in the
|
|
default user account for the image.</para>
|
|
<para>Install the <package>cloud-init</package> package:</para>
|
|
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>apt-get install cloud-init</userinput></screen>
|
|
<para>When building Ubuntu images <command>cloud-init</command> must be explicitly
|
|
configured for the metadata source in use. The OpenStack metadata server emulates the
|
|
EC2 metadata service used by images in Amazon EC2.</para>
|
|
<para>To set the metadata source to be used by the image run the
|
|
<command>dpkg-reconfigure</command> command against the
|
|
<package>cloud-init</package> package. When prompted select the
|
|
<literal>EC2</literal> data source:</para>
|
|
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>dpkg-reconfigure cloud-init</userinput></screen>
|
|
<para>The account varies by distribution. On Ubuntu-based virtual machines, the account is
|
|
called "ubuntu". On Fedora-based virtual machines, the account is called
|
|
"ec2-user".</para>
|
|
<para>You can change the name of the account used by cloud-init by editing the
|
|
<filename>/etc/cloud/cloud.cfg</filename> file and adding a line with a different
|
|
user. For example, to configure cloud-init to put the key in an account named "admin",
|
|
edit the config file so it has the line:</para>
|
|
<programlisting>user: admin</programlisting>
|
|
</simplesect>
|
|
<simplesect>
|
|
<title>Shut down the instance</title>
|
|
<para>From inside the instance, as root:</para>
|
|
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>/sbin/shutdown -h now</userinput></screen>
|
|
</simplesect>
|
|
<simplesect>
|
|
<title>Clean up (remove MAC address details)</title>
|
|
<para>The operating system records the MAC address of the virtual Ethernet card in locations
|
|
such as <filename>/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules</filename> during the
|
|
instance process. However, each time the image boots up, the virtual Ethernet card will
|
|
have a different MAC address, so this information must be deleted from the configuration
|
|
file.</para>
|
|
<para>There is a utility called <command>virt-sysprep</command>, that performs various
|
|
cleanup tasks such as removing the MAC address references. It will clean up a virtual
|
|
machine image in place:</para>
|
|
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>virt-sysprep -d trusty</userinput></screen>
|
|
</simplesect>
|
|
<simplesect>
|
|
<title>Undefine the libvirt domain</title>
|
|
<para>Now that the image is ready to be uploaded to the Image Service, you no longer need to
|
|
have this virtual machine image managed by libvirt. Use the <command>virsh undefine
|
|
<replaceable>vm-image</replaceable></command> command to inform libvirt:</para>
|
|
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>virsh undefine trusty</userinput></screen>
|
|
</simplesect>
|
|
<simplesect>
|
|
<title>Image is complete</title>
|
|
<para>The underlying image file that you created with <command>qemu-img create</command>,
|
|
such as <filename>/tmp/trusty.qcow2</filename>, is now ready for uploading to the
|
|
OpenStack Image Service.</para>
|
|
</simplesect>
|
|
</section>
|