ccb80d725d
Updated a typo (keystone-mange -> keystone-manage) Updated a few capitalization errors in titles Change-Id: I38ec2a6c53b9e3a1e1bf330b54c26f293a764d94 author: diane fleming
531 lines
27 KiB
XML
531 lines
27 KiB
XML
<section xml:id="section_compute-scheduler"
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xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
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xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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xmlns:ns5="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
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xmlns:ns4="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
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xmlns:ns3="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"
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xmlns:ns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
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version="5.0">
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<title>Scheduling</title>
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<para>Compute uses the <systemitem class="service">nova-scheduler</systemitem> service to
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determine how to dispatch compute and volume requests. For example, the <systemitem
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class="service">nova-scheduler</systemitem> service determines which host a VM should
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launch on. The term <firstterm>host</firstterm> in the context of filters means a physical node that has a
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<systemitem class="service">nova-compute</systemitem> service running on it.
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You can configure the scheduler through a variety of options.</para>
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<para>Compute is configured with the following default scheduler options:</para>
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<programlisting language="ini">scheduler_driver=nova.scheduler.multi.MultiScheduler
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compute_scheduler_driver=nova.scheduler.filter_scheduler.FilterScheduler
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scheduler_available_filters=nova.scheduler.filters.all_filters
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scheduler_default_filters=AvailabilityZoneFilter,RamFilter,ComputeFilter
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least_cost_functions=nova.scheduler.least_cost.compute_fill_first_cost_fn
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compute_fill_first_cost_fn_weight=-1.0</programlisting>
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<para>By default, the compute scheduler is configured as a filter
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scheduler, as described in the next section. In the default
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configuration, this scheduler considers hosts that meet all
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the following criteria:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>Are in the requested availability zone
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(<literal>AvailabilityZoneFilter</literal>).</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Have sufficient RAM available
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(<literal>RamFilter</literal>).</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Are capable of servicing the request
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(<literal>ComputeFilter</literal>).</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>For information on the volume scheduler, refer the Block Storage section of <link
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xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/admin-guide-cloud/content/managing-volumes.html">
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<citetitle>OpenStack Cloud Administrator Guide</citetitle></link> for information.</para>
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<section xml:id="filter-scheduler">
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<title>Filter scheduler</title>
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<para>The Filter Scheduler
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(<literal>nova.scheduler.filter_scheduler.FilterScheduler</literal>)
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is the default scheduler for scheduling virtual machine
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instances. It supports filtering and weighting to make
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informed decisions on where a new instance should be
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created. You can use this scheduler to schedule compute
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requests but not volume requests. For example, you can use
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it with only the
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<literal>compute_scheduler_driver</literal>
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configuration option.</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="scheduler-filters">
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<?dbhtml stop-chunking?>
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<title>Filters</title>
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<para>When the Filter Scheduler receives a request for a
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resource, it first applies filters to determine which
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hosts are eligible for consideration when dispatching a
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resource. Filters are binary: either a host is accepted by
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the filter, or it is rejected. Hosts that are accepted by
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the filter are then processed by a different algorithm to
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decide which hosts to use for that request, described in
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the <link linkend="weights">Weights</link> section.
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<figure xml:id="filter-figure">
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<title>Filtering</title>
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<mediaobject>
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<imageobject>
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<imagedata
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fileref="../../common/figures/filteringWorkflow1.png"
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scale="80"/>
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</imageobject>
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</mediaobject>
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</figure>
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</para>
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<para>The <literal>scheduler_available_filters</literal>
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configuration option in <filename>nova.conf</filename>
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provides the Compute service with the list of the filters
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that are used by the scheduler. The default setting
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specifies all of the filter that are included with the
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Compute service:</para>
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<programlisting language="ini">scheduler_available_filters=nova.scheduler.filters.all_filters</programlisting>
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<para>This configuration option can be specified multiple
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times. For example, if you implemented your own custom
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filter in Python called
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<literal>myfilter.MyFilter</literal> and you wanted to
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use both the built-in filters and your custom filter, your
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<filename>nova.conf</filename> file would
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contain:</para>
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<programlisting language="ini">scheduler_available_filters=nova.scheduler.filters.all_filters
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scheduler_available_filters=myfilter.MyFilter</programlisting>
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<para>The <literal>scheduler_default_filters</literal>
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configuration option in <filename>nova.conf</filename>
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defines the list of filters that are applied by the
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<systemitem class="service">nova-scheduler</systemitem> service. As
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mentioned, the default filters are:</para>
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<programlisting language="ini">scheduler_default_filters=AvailabilityZoneFilter,RamFilter,ComputeFilter</programlisting>
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<para>The following sections describe the available
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filters.</para>
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<section xml:id="aggregatecorefilter">
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<title>AggregateCoreFilter</title>
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<para>Implements blueprint per-aggregate-resource-ratio.
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AggregateCoreFilter supports per-aggregate
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<literal>cpu_allocation_ratio</literal>. If the
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per-aggregate value is not found, the value falls back
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to the global setting.</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="aggregateinstanceextraspecsfilter">
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<title>AggregateInstanceExtraSpecsFilter</title>
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<para>Matches properties defined in an instance type's
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extra specs against admin-defined properties on a host
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aggregate. Works with specifications that are unscoped,
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or are scoped with <literal>aggregate_instance_extra_specs</literal>.
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See the <link linkend="host-aggregates"
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>host aggregates</link> section for documentation
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on how to use this filter.</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="aggregate-multi-tenancy-isolation">
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<title>AggregateMultiTenancyIsolation</title>
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<para>Isolates tenants to specific <link
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linkend="host-aggregates">host aggregates</link>.
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If a host is in an aggregate that has the metadata key
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<literal>filter_tenant_id</literal> it only
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creates instances from that tenant (or list of
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tenants). A host can be in different aggregates. If a
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host does not belong to an aggregate with the metadata
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key, it can create instances from all tenants.</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="aggregate-ram-filter">
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<title>AggregateRamFilter</title>
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<para>Implements blueprint
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<literal>per-aggregate-resource-ratio</literal>.
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Supports per-aggregate
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<literal>ram_allocation_ratio</literal>. If
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per-aggregate value is not found, it falls back to the
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default setting.</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="allhostsfilter">
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<title>AllHostsFilter</title>
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<para>This is a no-op filter, it does not eliminate any of
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the available hosts.</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="availabilityzonefilter">
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<title>AvailabilityZoneFilter</title>
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<para>Filters hosts by availability zone. This filter must
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be enabled for the scheduler to respect availability
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zones in requests.</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="computecapabilitiesfilter">
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<title>ComputeCapabilitiesFilter</title>
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<para>Matches properties defined in an instance type's
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extra specs against compute capabilities.</para>
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<para>If an extra specs key contains a colon ":", anything
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before the colon is treated as a namespace, and
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anything after the colon is treated as the key to be
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matched. If a namespace is present and is not
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'capabilities', it is ignored by this filter.</para>
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<note>
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<para>Disable the ComputeCapabilitiesFilter when using
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a Bare Metal configuration, due to <link
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xlink:href="https://bugs.launchpad.net/nova/+bug/1129485"
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>bug 1129485</link></para>
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</note>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="computefilter">
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<title>ComputeFilter</title>
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<para>Passes all hosts that are operational and
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enabled.</para>
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<para>In general, this filter should always be enabled.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="corefilter">
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<title>CoreFilter</title>
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<para>Only schedule instances on hosts if there are
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sufficient CPU cores available. If this filter is not
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set, the scheduler may over provision a host based on
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cores (for example, the virtual cores running on an
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instance may exceed the physical cores).</para>
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<para>This filter can be configured to allow a fixed
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amount of vCPU overcommitment by using the
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<literal>cpu_allocation_ratio</literal>
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Configuration option in
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<filename>nova.conf</filename>. The default setting
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is:</para>
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<programlisting language="ini">cpu_allocation_ratio=16.0</programlisting>
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<para>With this setting, if 8 vCPUs are on a node, the
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scheduler allows instances up to 128 vCPU to be run on
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that node.</para>
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<para>To disallow vCPU overcommitment set:</para>
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<programlisting language="ini">cpu_allocation_ratio=1.0</programlisting>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="differenthostfilter">
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<title>DifferentHostFilter</title>
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<para>Schedule the instance on a different host from a set
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of instances. To take advantage of this filter, the
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requester must pass a scheduler hint, using
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<literal>different_host</literal> as the key and a
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list of instance uuids as the value. This filter is
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the opposite of the <literal>SameHostFilter</literal>.
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Using the <command>nova</command> command-line tool,
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use the <literal>--hint</literal> flag. For
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example:</para>
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<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>nova boot --image cedef40a-ed67-4d10-800e-17455edce175 --flavor 1 \
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--hint different_host=a0cf03a5-d921-4877-bb5c-86d26cf818e1 \
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--hint different_host=8c19174f-4220-44f0-824a-cd1eeef10287 server-1</userinput></screen>
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<para>With the API, use the
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<literal>os:scheduler_hints</literal> key. For
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example:</para>
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<programlisting language="json">
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{
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'server': {
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'name': 'server-1',
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'imageRef': 'cedef40a-ed67-4d10-800e-17455edce175',
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'flavorRef': '1'
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},
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'os:scheduler_hints': {
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'different_host': ['a0cf03a5-d921-4877-bb5c-86d26cf818e1',
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'8c19174f-4220-44f0-824a-cd1eeef10287'],
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}
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</programlisting>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="diskfilter">
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<title>DiskFilter</title>
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<para>Only schedule instances on hosts if there is
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sufficient disk space available for root and ephemeral
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storage.</para>
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<para>This filter can be configured to allow a fixed
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amount of disk overcommitment by using the
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<literal>disk_allocation_ratio</literal>
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Configuration option in
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<filename>nova.conf</filename>. The default setting
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is:</para>
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<programlisting language="ini">disk_allocation_ratio=1.0</programlisting>
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<para>Adjusting this value to greater than 1.0 enables scheduling instances while over committing disk
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resources on the node. This might be desirable if you
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use an image format that is sparse or copy on write
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such that each virtual instance does not require a 1:1
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allocation of virtual disk to physical storage.</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="groupaffinityfilter">
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<title>GroupAffinityFilter</title>
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<para>The GroupAffinityFilter ensures that an instance is
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scheduled on to a host from a set of group hosts.
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To take advantage of this filter, the requester must pass a
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scheduler hint, using <literal>group</literal> as the
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key and an arbitrary name as the value. Using
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the <command>nova</command> command-line tool, use the
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<literal>--hint</literal> flag. For
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example:</para>
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<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>nova boot --image cedef40a-ed67-4d10-800e-17455edce175 --flavor 1 \
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--hint group=foo server-1</userinput></screen>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="groupantiaffinityfilter">
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<title>GroupAntiAffinityFilter</title>
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<para>The GroupAntiAffinityFilter ensures that each
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instance in a group is on a different host. To take
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advantage of this filter, the requester must pass a
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scheduler hint, using <literal>group</literal> as the
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key and an arbitrary name as the value. Using
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the <command>nova</command> command-line tool, use the
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<literal>--hint</literal> flag. For
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example:</para>
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<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>nova boot --image cedef40a-ed67-4d10-800e-17455edce175 --flavor 1 \
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--hint group=foo server-1</userinput></screen>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="imagepropertiesfilter">
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<title>ImagePropertiesFilter</title>
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<para>Filters hosts based on properties defined on the
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instance's image. It passes hosts that can support the
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specified image properties contained in the instance.
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Properties include the architecture, hypervisor type,
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and virtual machine mode. for example, an instance
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might require a host that runs an ARM-based processor
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and QEMU as the hypervisor. An image can be decorated
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with these properties by using:</para>
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<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>glance image-update img-uuid --property architecture=arm --property hypervisor_type=qemu</userinput></screen>
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<para>The image properties that the filter checks for
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are:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para><literal>architecture</literal>:
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Architecture describes the machine
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architecture required by the image. Examples
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are i686, x86_64, arm, and ppc64.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><literal>hypervisor_type</literal>:
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Hypervisor type describes the hypervisor
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required by the image. Examples are xen, kvm,
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qemu, xenapi, and powervm.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><literal>vm_mode</literal>: Virtual machine
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mode describes the hypervisor application
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binary interface (ABI) required by the image.
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Examples are 'xen' for Xen 3.0 paravirtual
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ABI, 'hvm' for native ABI, 'uml' for User Mode
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Linux paravirtual ABI, exe for container virt
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executable ABI.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="isolatedhostsfilter">
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<title>IsolatedHostsFilter</title>
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<para>Allows the admin to define a special (isolated) set
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of images and a special (isolated) set of hosts, such
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that the isolated images can only run on the isolated
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hosts, and the isolated hosts can only run isolated
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images. The flag <literal>restrict_isolated_hosts_to_isolated_images</literal>
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can be used to force isolated hosts to only run isolated images.</para>
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<para>The admin must specify the isolated set of images
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and hosts in the <filename>nova.conf</filename> file
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using the <literal>isolated_hosts</literal> and
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<literal>isolated_images</literal> configuration
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options. For example:
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<programlisting language="ini">isolated_hosts=server1,server2
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isolated_images=342b492c-128f-4a42-8d3a-c5088cf27d13,ebd267a6-ca86-4d6c-9a0e-bd132d6b7d09</programlisting>
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</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="jsonfilter">
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<title>JsonFilter</title>
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<para>The JsonFilter allows a user to construct a custom
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filter by passing a scheduler hint in JSON format. The
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following operators are supported:<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>=</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>in</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><=</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>>=</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>not</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
|
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<para>or</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>and</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>The filter supports the following variables:<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>$free_ram_mb</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>$free_disk_mb</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>$total_usable_ram_mb</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>$vcpus_total</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>$vcpus_used</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>Using the <command>nova</command>
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command-line tool, use the <literal>--hint</literal>
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flag:</para>
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<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>nova boot --image 827d564a-e636-4fc4-a376-d36f7ebe1747 \
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--flavor 1 --hint query='[">=","$free_ram_mb",1024]' server1</userinput></screen>
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<para>With the API, use the
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<literal>os:scheduler_hints</literal> key:</para>
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<programlisting language="json">
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{
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'server': {
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'name': 'server-1',
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'imageRef': 'cedef40a-ed67-4d10-800e-17455edce175',
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'flavorRef': '1'
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},
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'os:scheduler_hints': {
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'query': '[">=","$free_ram_mb",1024]',
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}
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}
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</programlisting>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="ramfilter">
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<title>RamFilter</title>
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<para>Only schedule instances on hosts that have
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sufficient RAM available. If this filter is not set,
|
|
the scheduler may over provision a host based on RAM
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|
(for example, the RAM allocated by virtual machine
|
|
instances may exceed the physical RAM).</para>
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<para>This filter can be configured to allow a fixed
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|
amount of RAM overcommitment by using the
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<literal>ram_allocation_ratio</literal>
|
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configuration option in
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<filename>nova.conf</filename>. The default setting
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is:</para>
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<programlisting language="ini">ram_allocation_ratio=1.5</programlisting>
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<para>With this setting, if there is 1GB of free RAM, the
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scheduler allows instances up to size 1.5GB to be run
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on that instance.</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="retryfilter">
|
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<title>RetryFilter</title>
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|
<para>Filter out hosts that have already been attempted
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for scheduling purposes. If the scheduler selects a
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host to respond to a service request, and the host
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fails to respond to the request, this filter prevents the scheduler from retrying that host for the
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service request.</para>
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<para>This filter is only useful if the
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<literal>scheduler_max_attempts</literal>
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configuration option is set to a value greater than
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zero.</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="samehostfilter">
|
|
<title>SameHostFilter</title>
|
|
<para>Schedule the instance on the same host as another
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instance in a set of instances. To take advantage of
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|
this filter, the requester must pass a scheduler hint,
|
|
using <literal>same_host</literal> as the key and a
|
|
list of instance uuids as the value. This filter is
|
|
the opposite of the
|
|
<literal>DifferentHostFilter</literal>. Using the
|
|
<command>nova</command> command-line tool, use the
|
|
<literal>--hint</literal> flag:</para>
|
|
<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>nova boot --image cedef40a-ed67-4d10-800e-17455edce175 --flavor 1 \
|
|
--hint same_host=a0cf03a5-d921-4877-bb5c-86d26cf818e1 \
|
|
--hint same_host=8c19174f-4220-44f0-824a-cd1eeef10287 server-1</userinput></screen>
|
|
<para>With the API, use the
|
|
<literal>os:scheduler_hints</literal> key:</para>
|
|
<programlisting language="json">
|
|
{
|
|
'server': {
|
|
'name': 'server-1',
|
|
'imageRef': 'cedef40a-ed67-4d10-800e-17455edce175',
|
|
'flavorRef': '1'
|
|
},
|
|
'os:scheduler_hints': {
|
|
'same_host': ['a0cf03a5-d921-4877-bb5c-86d26cf818e1',
|
|
'8c19174f-4220-44f0-824a-cd1eeef10287'],
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section xml:id="simplecidraffinityfilter">
|
|
<title>SimpleCIDRAffinityFilter</title>
|
|
<para>Schedule the instance based on host IP subnet range.
|
|
To take advantage of this filter, the requester must
|
|
specify a range of valid IP address in CIDR format, by
|
|
passing two scheduler hints:</para>
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><literal>build_near_host_ip</literal></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The first IP address in the subnet (for
|
|
example,
|
|
<literal>192.168.1.1</literal>)</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><literal>cidr</literal></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The CIDR that corresponds to the subnet
|
|
(for example,
|
|
<literal>/24</literal>)</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
<para>Using the <command>nova</command> command-line tool,
|
|
use the <literal>--hint</literal> flag. For example,
|
|
to specify the IP subnet
|
|
<literal>192.168.1.1/24</literal></para>
|
|
<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>nova boot --image cedef40a-ed67-4d10-800e-17455edce175 --flavor 1 \
|
|
--hint build_near_host_ip=192.168.1.1 --hint cidr=/24 server-1</userinput></screen>
|
|
<para>With the API, use the
|
|
<literal>os:scheduler_hints</literal> key:</para>
|
|
<programlisting language="json">{
|
|
{
|
|
'server': {
|
|
'name': 'server-1',
|
|
'imageRef': 'cedef40a-ed67-4d10-800e-17455edce175',
|
|
'flavorRef': '1'
|
|
},
|
|
'os:scheduler_hints': {
|
|
'build_near_host_ip': '192.168.1.1',
|
|
'cidr': '24'
|
|
}
|
|
}</programlisting>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section xml:id="weights">
|
|
<title>Weights</title>
|
|
<?dbhtml stop-chunking?>
|
|
<para>The Filter Scheduler weighs hosts based on the config
|
|
option <literal>scheduler_weight_classes</literal>, this
|
|
defaults to
|
|
<literal>nova.scheduler.weights.all_weighers</literal>,
|
|
which selects the only weigher available -- the
|
|
RamWeigher. Hosts are then weighed and sorted with the
|
|
largest weight winning.</para>
|
|
<programlisting language="ini">scheduler_weight_classes=nova.scheduler.weights.all_weighers
|
|
ram_weight_multiplier=1.0</programlisting>
|
|
<para>The default is to spread instances across all hosts
|
|
evenly. Set the <literal>ram_weight_multiplier</literal>
|
|
option to a negative number if you prefer stacking instead
|
|
of spreading.</para>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section xml:id="chance-scheduler">
|
|
<title>Chance scheduler</title>
|
|
<?dbhtml stop-chunking?>
|
|
<para>As an administrator, you work with the
|
|
Filter Scheduler. However, the Compute service also uses
|
|
the Chance Scheduler,
|
|
<literal>nova.scheduler.chance.ChanceScheduler</literal>,
|
|
which randomly selects from lists of filtered hosts. It is
|
|
the default volume scheduler.</para>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<xi:include href="../../common/section_cli_nova_host_aggregates.xml"/>
|
|
<section xml:id="compute-scheduler-config-ref">
|
|
<title>Configuration reference</title>
|
|
<xi:include href="../../common/tables/nova-scheduling.xml"/>
|
|
</section>
|
|
</section>
|