186 lines
10 KiB
XML
186 lines
10 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE chapter [
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<!ENTITY % openstack SYSTEM "../common/entities/openstack.ent">
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%openstack;
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]>
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<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
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version="5.0"
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xml:id="ch_creating_images_manually">
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<title>Create images manually</title>
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<para>Creating a new image is a step done outside of your
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OpenStack installation. You create the new image manually on
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your own system and then upload the image to your
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cloud.</para>
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<para>To create a new image, you will need the installation CD or
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DVD ISO file for the guest operating system. You'll also need
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access to a virtualization tool. You can use KVM for this. Or,
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if you have a GUI desktop virtualization tool (such as, VMware
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Fusion or VirtualBox), you can use that instead and just
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convert the file to raw once you are done.</para>
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<para>When you create a new virtual machine image, you will need
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to connect to the graphical console of the hypervisor, which
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acts as the virtual machine's display and allows you to
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interact with the guest operating system's installer using
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your keyboard and mouse. KVM can expose the graphical console
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using the <link
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xlink:href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Network_Computing"
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>VNC</link> (Virtual Network Computing) protocol or the
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newer <link xlink:href="http://spice-space.org">SPICE</link>
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protocol. We'll use the VNC protocol here, since you're more
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likely to be able to find a VNC client that works on your
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local desktop.</para>
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<section xml:id="net-running">
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<title>Verify the libvirt default network is running</title>
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<para>Before starting a virtual machine with libvirt, verify
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that the libvirt "default" network has been started. This
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network must be active for your virtual machine to be able
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to connect out to the network. Starting this network will
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create a Linux bridge (usually called
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<literal>virbr0</literal>), iptables rules, and a
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dnsmasq process that will serve as a DHCP server.</para>
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<para>To verify that the libvirt "default" network is enabled,
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use the <command>virsh net-list</command> command and
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verify that the "default" network is active:</para>
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<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>virsh net-list</userinput>
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<computeroutput>Name State Autostart
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-----------------------------------------
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default active yes</computeroutput></screen>
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<para>If the network is not active, start it by doing:</para>
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<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>virsh net-start default</userinput></screen>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="virt-manager">
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<title>Use the virt-manager X11 GUI</title>
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<para>If you plan to create a virtual machine image on a
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machine that can run X11 applications, the simplest way to
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do so is to use the <command>virt-manager</command> GUI,
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which is installable as the
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<literal>virt-manager</literal> package on both
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Fedora-based and Debian-based systems. This GUI has an
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embedded VNC client that will let you view and
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interact with the guest's graphical console.</para>
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<para>If you are building the image on a headless server, and
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you have an X server on your local machine, you can launch
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<command>virt-manager</command> using ssh X11
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forwarding to access the GUI. Since virt-manager interacts
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directly with libvirt, you typically need to be root to
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access it. If you can ssh directly in as root (or with a
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user that has permissions to interact with libvirt),
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do:<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>ssh -X root@server virt-manager</userinput></screen></para>
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<para>If the account you use to ssh into your server does not
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have permissions to run libvirt, but has sudo privileges, do:<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>ssh -X root@server</userinput>
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<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>sudo virt-manager</userinput> </screen><note>
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<para>The <literal>-X</literal> flag passed to ssh
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will enable X11 forwarding over ssh. If this does
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not work, try replacing it with the
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<literal>-Y</literal> flag.</para>
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</note></para>
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<para>Click the "New" button at the top-left and step through
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the instructions. <mediaobject>
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<imageobject>
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<imagedata fileref="figures/virt-manager-new.png"
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format="PNG" contentwidth="6in"/>
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</imageobject>
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</mediaobject>You will be shown a series of dialog boxes
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that will allow you to specify information about the
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virtual machine.</para>
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<note><para>
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When using qcow2 format images you should check the option
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'customize before install', go to disk properties and
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explicitly select the qcow2 format. This ensures the virtual
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machine disk size will be correct.
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</para></note>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="virt-install">
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<title>Use virt-install and connect by using a local VNC
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client</title>
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<para>If you do not wish to use virt-manager (for example, you
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do not want to install the dependencies on your server,
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you don't have an X server running locally, the X11
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forwarding over SSH isn't working), you can use the
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<command>virt-install</command> tool to boot the
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virtual machine through libvirt and connect to the
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graphical console from a VNC client installed on your
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local machine.</para>
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<para>Because VNC is a standard protocol, there are multiple
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clients available that implement the VNC spec, including
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<link
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xlink:href="http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/tigervnc/index.php?title=Welcome_to_TigerVNC"
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>TigerVNC</link> (multiple platforms), <link
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xlink:href="http://tightvnc.com/">TightVNC</link>
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(multiple platforms), <link
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xlink:href="http://realvnc.com/">RealVNC</link>
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(multiple platforms), <link
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xlink:href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/chicken/"
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>Chicken</link> (Mac OS X), <link
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xlink:href="http://userbase.kde.org/Krdc">Krde</link>
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(KDE), and <link
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xlink:href="http://projects.gnome.org/vinagre/"
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>Vinagre</link> (GNOME).</para>
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<para>The following example shows how to use the
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<command>qemu-img</command> command to create an empty
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image file, and <command>virt-install</command> command to
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start up a virtual machine using that image file. As
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root:</para>
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<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <command>qemu-img create -f qcow2 /data/centos-6.4.qcow2 10G</command>
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<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>virt-install --virt-type kvm --name centos-6.4 --ram 1024 \
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--cdrom=/data/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-netinstall.iso \
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--disk path=/data/centos-6.4.qcow2,size=10,format=qcow2 \
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--network network=default \
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--graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 --noautoconsole \
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--os-type=linux --os-variant=rhel6</userinput>
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<computeroutput>
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Starting install...
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Creating domain... | 0 B 00:00
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Domain installation still in progress. You can reconnect to
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the console to complete the installation process.</computeroutput></screen>
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<para>
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The KVM hypervisor starts the virtual machine with the
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libvirt name, <literal>centos-6.4</literal>, with
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1024 MB of RAM. The virtual machine also has a virtual
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CD-ROM drive associated with the
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<filename>/data/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-netinstall.iso</filename>
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file and a local 10 GB hard disk in qcow2 format that is
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stored in the host at
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<filename>/data/centos-6.4.qcow2</filename>.
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It configures networking to
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use libvirt's default network. There is a VNC server that
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is listening on all interfaces, and libvirt will not
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attempt to launch a VNC client automatically nor try to
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display the text console
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(<literal>--no-autoconsole</literal>). Finally,
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libvirt will attempt to optimize the configuration for a
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Linux guest running a RHEL 6.x distribution.<note>
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<para>When using the libvirt
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<literal>default</literal> network, libvirt will
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connect the virtual machine's interface to a bridge
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called <literal>virbr0</literal>. There is a dnsmasq
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process managed by libvirt that will hand out an IP
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address on the 192.168.122.0/24 subnet, and libvirt
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has iptables rules for doing NAT for IP addresses on
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this subnet.</para>
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</note></para>
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<para>Run the <command>virt-install --os-variant
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list</command> command to see a range of allowed
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<literal>--os-variant</literal> options.</para>
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<para>Use the <command>virsh vncdisplay
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<replaceable>vm-name</replaceable></command>
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command to get the VNC port number.</para>
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<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>virsh vncdisplay centos-6.4</userinput>
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<computeroutput>:1</computeroutput></screen>
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<para>In the example above, the guest
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<literal>centos-6.4</literal> uses VNC display
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<literal>:1</literal>, which corresponds to TCP port
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<literal>5901</literal>. You should be able to connect
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a VNC client running on your local machine to display
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:1 on the remote machine and step through the installation
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process.</para>
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</section>
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<xi:include href="section_centos-example.xml"/>
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<xi:include href="section_ubuntu-example.xml"/>
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<xi:include href="section_fedora-example.xml"/>
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<xi:include href="section_windows-example.xml"/>
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<xi:include href="section_freebsd-example.xml"/>
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</chapter>
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