openstack-manuals/doc/install-guide/ch_basics.xml
Tom Fifield 67d0d6a542 Trunk install guide is now icehouse!
This change updates package lists to be icehouse, rather than
havana. Some of these work, others do not. All will be worked
out during https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/IcehouseDocTesting

Removes a havana-specific paragraph for OpenSUSE

Change-Id: I59cab2d83695923e6b10ca60cdcf7a7fab55026e
2014-02-27 12:54:53 +08:00

677 lines
35 KiB
XML

<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0"
xml:id="ch_basics">
<?dbhtml-stop-chunking?>
<title>Basic operating system configuration</title>
<para>This guide shows you how to create a controller node to host
most services and a compute node to run virtual machine instances.
Subsequent chapters create additional nodes to run more services.
OpenStack is flexible about how and where you run each service, so
other configurations are possible. However, you must configure
certain operating system settings on each node.</para>
<para>This chapter details a sample configuration for the controller
node and any additional nodes. You can configure the operating
system in other ways, but this guide assumes that your
configuration is compatible with the one described here.</para>
<para>All example commands assume you have administrative
privileges. Either run the commands as the root user or prefix
them with the <command>sudo</command> command.</para>
<section xml:id="before-you-begin">
<title>Before you begin</title>
<para>We strongly recommend that you install a 64-bit operating system on
your compute nodes. If you use a 32-bit operating system,
attempting a start a virtual machine using a 64-bit image will fail
with an error.</para>
<para>For more information about system requirements, see the <link
xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/ops/">OpenStack Operations
Guide</link>.
</para>
</section>
<section xml:id="basics-networking">
<title>Networking</title>
<para>For an OpenStack production deployment, most nodes must have
these network interface cards:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>One network interface card for external network traffic
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Another card to communicate with other OpenStack
nodes.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>For simple test cases, you can use machines with a single
network interface card.</para>
<para>The following example configures Networking on two networks
with <glossterm baseform="static IP address">static IP addresses</glossterm>
and manually manages a list of host
names on each machine. If you manage a large network, you might
already have systems in place to manage this. If so, you can
skip this section but note that the rest of this guide assumes
that each node can reach the other nodes on the internal network
by using the <literal>controller</literal> and
<literal>compute1</literal> host names.</para>
<!-- these fedora only paragraphs are confirmed not needed in centos -->
<para os="fedora">Disable the <systemitem class="service"
>NetworkManager</systemitem> service and enable the
<systemitem class="service">network</systemitem> service. The
<systemitem class="service">network</systemitem> service is
more suitable for the static network configuration done in this
guide.</para>
<screen os="fedora"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service NetworkManager stop</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service network start</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig NetworkManager off</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig network on</userinput></screen>
<note os="fedora">
<para>Since Fedora 19, <literal>firewalld</literal> replaces
<literal>iptables</literal> as the default firewall
system.</para>
<para>You can use <literal>firewalld</literal> successfully, but
this guide recommends and demonstrates the use of the default
<literal>iptables</literal>.</para>
<para>For Fedora 19 systems, run the following commands to
disable <literal>firewalld</literal> and enable
<literal>iptables</literal>:</para>
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service firewalld stop</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service iptables start</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig firewalld off</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig iptables on</userinput></screen>
</note>
<warning os="centos;rhel"><para>
RHEL and derivatives including CentOS and Scientific Linux enable a
restrictive <glossterm>firewall</glossterm> by default. During this
installation, certain steps
will fail unless you alter this setting or disable the firewall. For
further information about securing your installation, refer to the
<link xlink:href="http://docs.openstack.org/sec/">OpenStack Security Guide</link>.</para>
</warning>
<para os="opensuse;sles">When you set up your system, use the
traditional network scripts and do not use <systemitem
class="service">NetworkManager</systemitem>. You can change
the settings after installation with the YaST network
module:</para>
<screen os="opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>yast2 network</userinput></screen>
<para>Configure both <literal>eth0</literal> and
<literal>eth1</literal>. The examples in this guide use the
<literal>192.168.0.<replaceable>x</replaceable></literal> IP
addresses for the internal network and the
<literal>10.0.0.<replaceable>x</replaceable></literal> IP
addresses for the external network. Make sure to connect your
network devices to the correct network.</para>
<para>In this guide, the controller node uses the
<literal>192.168.0.10</literal> and
<literal>10.0.0.10</literal> IP addresses. When you create the
compute node, use the <literal>192.168.0.11</literal> and
<literal>10.0.0.11</literal> addresses instead. Additional
nodes that you add in subsequent chapters also follow this
pattern.</para>
<figure xml:id="basic-architecture-networking">
<title>Basic architecture</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata contentwidth="6in"
fileref="figures/basic-architecture-networking.svg"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<example os="fedora">
<title><filename>/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0</filename></title>
<programlisting language="ini"># Internal Network
DEVICE=eth0
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.0.10
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
DEFROUTE=yes
ONBOOT=yes</programlisting>
</example>
<example os="fedora">
<title><filename>/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1</filename></title>
<programlisting language="ini"># External Network
DEVICE=eth1
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=10.0.0.10
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
DEFROUTE=yes
ONBOOT=yes</programlisting>
</example>
<para os="opensuse;sles">To configure the network interfaces,
start the YaST network module, as follows:</para>
<screen os="opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>yast2 network</userinput></screen>
<itemizedlist os="opensuse;sles">
<listitem>
<para>Use these parameters to set up the
<literal>eth0</literal> ethernet card for the internal
network:</para>
<programlisting>Statically assigned IP Address
IP Address: 192.168.0.10
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0</programlisting>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Use these parameters to set up the
<literal>eth1</literal> ethernet card for the external
network:</para>
<programlisting>Statically assigned IP Address
IP Address: 10.0.0.10
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0</programlisting>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Set up a default route on the external network.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<example os="ubuntu;debian">
<title><filename>/etc/network/interfaces</filename></title>
<programlisting language="ini"># Internal Network
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.0.10
netmask 255.255.255.0
# External Network
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
address 10.0.0.10
netmask 255.255.255.0</programlisting>
</example>
<para>After you configure the network, restart the daemon for
changes to take effect:</para>
<screen os="ubuntu;debian"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service networking restart</userinput></screen>
<screen os="fedora;rhel;centos;opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service network restart</userinput></screen>
<para>Set the host name of each machine. Name the controller node
<literal>controller</literal> and the first compute node
<literal>compute1</literal>. The examples in this guide use
these host names.</para>
<para os="ubuntu;debian;fedora;rhel;centos">Use the
<command>hostname</command> command to set the host name:
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>hostname controller</userinput></screen></para>
<para os="opensuse;sles">Use <command>yast network</command> to
set the host name with YaST.</para>
<para os="rhel;fedora;centos">To have the host name change persist
when the system reboots, you must specify it in the proper
configuration file. In Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS, and
older versions of Fedora, you set this in the file
<filename>/etc/sysconfig/network</filename>. Change the line
starting with <literal>HOSTNAME=</literal>.</para>
<programlisting language="ini" os="rhel;fedora;centos">HOSTNAME=controller</programlisting>
<para os="fedora">As of Fedora 18, Fedora uses the
<filename>/etc/hostname</filename> file, which contains a
single line with the host name.</para>
<para os="ubuntu;debian">To configure this host name to be
available when the system reboots, you must specify it in the
<filename>/etc/hostname</filename> file, which contains a
single line with the host name.</para>
<para>Finally, ensure that each node can reach the other nodes by
using host names. You must manually edit the
<filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file on each system. For
large-scale deployments, use DNS or a configuration management
system like Puppet.</para>
<programlisting>127.0.0.1 localhost
192.168.0.10 controller
192.168.0.11 compute1</programlisting>
</section>
<section xml:id="basics-ntp">
<title>Network Time Protocol (NTP)</title>
<para>To synchronize services across multiple machines, you must
install <glossterm baseform="Network Time Protocol (NTP)">NTP</glossterm>.
The examples in this guide configure the controller
node as the reference server and any additional nodes to set
their time from the controller node.</para>
<para>Install the <literal>ntp</literal> package on each system
running OpenStack services.</para>
<screen os="ubuntu;debian"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>apt-get install ntp</userinput></screen>
<screen os="rhel;fedora;centos"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>yum install ntp</userinput></screen>
<screen os="opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper install ntp</userinput></screen>
<para os="rhel;fedora;centos;opensuse;sles">Set up the NTP server
on your controller node so that it receives data by modifying
the <filename>ntp.conf</filename> file and restarting the
service.</para>
<screen os="rhel;fedora;centos;opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service ntpd start</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig ntpd on</userinput></screen>
<screen os="opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service ntp start</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig ntp on</userinput></screen>
<para>On additional nodes, it is advised that you configure the
other nodes to synchronize their time from the controller node
rather than from outside of your LAN. To do so, install the ntp
daemon as above, then edit <filename>/etc/ntp.conf</filename>
and change the <code>server</code> directive to use the
controller node as internet time source.</para>
</section>
<section xml:id="basics-passwords" os="ubuntu;rhel;fedora;centos;opensuse;sles">
<title>Passwords</title>
<para>The various OpenStack services and the required software
like the database and the Messaging server have to be password
protected. These passwords are needed when configuring a service
and then again to access the service. You have to choose a random
password while configuring the service and later remember to use
the same password when accessing it. To generate a list of passwords, you
can use the <application>pwgen</application> program
to generate a list of passwords or take the output of:
<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>openssl rand -hex 10</userinput></screen>
</para>
<para>This guide uses the convention that
<literal><replaceable>SERVICE_PASS</replaceable></literal> is
password to access the service <literal>SERVICE</literal> and
<literal><replaceable>SERVICE_DBPASS</replaceable></literal> is
the database password used by the service SERVICE to access the
database.
</para>
<para>The complete list of passwords you need to define in this guide are:
<table rules="all">
<caption>Passwords</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Password name</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Database password (no variable used)</td>
<td>Root password for the database</td>
</tr>
<tr os="ubuntu;opensuse;sles">
<td><literal><replaceable>RABBIT_PASS</replaceable></literal></td>
<td>Password of user guest of RabbitMQ</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><literal><replaceable>KEYSTONE_DBPASS</replaceable></literal></td>
<td>Database password of Identity service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><literal><replaceable>ADMIN_PASS</replaceable></literal></td>
<td>Password of user <literal>admin</literal></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><literal><replaceable>GLANCE_DBPASS</replaceable></literal></td>
<td>Database password for Image Service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><literal><replaceable>GLANCE_PASS</replaceable></literal></td>
<td>Password of Image Service user <literal>glance</literal></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><literal><replaceable>NOVA_DBPASS</replaceable></literal></td>
<td>Database password for Compute service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><literal><replaceable>NOVA_PASS</replaceable></literal></td>
<td>Password of Compute service user <literal>nova</literal></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><literal><replaceable>DASH_DBPASS</replaceable></literal></td>
<td>Database password for the dashboard</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><literal><replaceable>CINDER_DBPASS</replaceable></literal></td>
<td>Database password for the Block Storage Service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><literal><replaceable>CINDER_PASS</replaceable></literal></td>
<td>Password of Block Storage Service user <literal>cinder</literal></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><literal><replaceable>NEUTRON_DBPASS</replaceable></literal></td>
<td>Database password for the Networking service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><literal><replaceable>NEUTRON_PASS</replaceable></literal></td>
<td>Password of Networking service user <literal>neutron</literal></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><literal><replaceable>HEAT_DBPASS</replaceable></literal></td>
<td>Database password for the Orchestration service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><literal><replaceable>HEAT_PASS</replaceable></literal></td>
<td>Password of Orchestration service user <literal>heat</literal></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><literal><replaceable>CEILOMETER_DBPASS</replaceable></literal></td>
<td>Database password for the Telemetry service</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><literal><replaceable>CEILOMETER_PASS</replaceable></literal></td>
<td>Password of Telemetry service user <literal>ceilometer</literal></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</para>
</section>
<section xml:id="basics-database">
<?dbhtml-stop-chunking?>
<title>MySQL database</title>
<para os="ubuntu;debian;rhel;fedora;centos">Most OpenStack
services require a database to store information. These examples
use a MySQL database that runs on the controller node. You must
install the MySQL database on the controller node. You must
install MySQL client software on any additional nodes that
access MySQL.</para>
<para os="opensuse;sles">Most OpenStack services require a
database to store information. This guide uses a MySQL database
on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server and a compatible database on
openSUSE running on the controller node. This compatible
database for openSUSE is MariaDB. You must install the MariaDB
database on the controller node. You must install the MariaDB
client software on any nodes that access the MariaDB
database.</para>
<section xml:id="basics-database-controller">
<title>Controller setup</title>
<para><phrase os="sles">For SUSE Linux Enterprise Server:
</phrase> On the controller node, install the MySQL client and
server packages, and the Python library.</para>
<screen os="opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper install mysql-client mysql python-mysql</userinput></screen>
<para os="opensuse">For openSUSE: On the controller node,
install the MariaDB client and database server packages,
and the MySQL Python library.</para>
<screen os="opensuse"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper install mariadb-client mariadb python-mysql</userinput></screen>
<screen os="ubuntu;debian"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>apt-get install python-mysqldb mysql-server</userinput></screen>
<screen os="rhel;fedora;centos"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>yum install mysql mysql-server MySQL-python</userinput></screen>
<note os="ubuntu;debian">
<para>When you install the server package, you are prompted
for the root password for the database. Choose a strong
password and remember it.</para>
</note>
<para>Edit <filename os="ubuntu;debian"
>/etc/mysql/my.cnf</filename><filename
os="opensuse;sles;rhel;fedora;centos"
>/etc/my.cnf</filename> and set the
<literal>bind-address</literal> to the internal IP address
of the controller, to enable access from outside the
controller node.</para>
<programlisting language="ini">[mysqld]
...
bind-address = 192.168.0.10</programlisting>
<para os="ubuntu;debian">Restart the MySQL service to apply
the changes:</para>
<screen os="ubuntu;debian"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service mysql restart</userinput></screen>
<para os="rhel;centos;fedora;opensuse;sles">Start the <phrase
os="rhel;fedora;centos">MySQL</phrase>
<phrase os="opensuse;sles">MariaDB or MySQL</phrase> database
server and set it to start automatically when the system
boots.</para>
<screen os="rhel;centos;fedora"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service mysqld start</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig mysqld on</userinput></screen>
<screen os="opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service mysql start</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig mysql on</userinput></screen>
<para os="rhel;centos;fedora;opensuse;sles">Finally, you should
set a root password for your <phrase os="rhel;fedora;centos"
>MySQL</phrase>
<phrase os="opensuse;sles">MariaDB or MySQL</phrase> database.
The OpenStack programs that set up databases and tables prompt
you for this password if it is set.</para>
<para os="ubuntu;debian;rhel;centos;fedora;opensuse;sles">You must
delete the anonymous users that are created when the database is
first started. Otherwise, database connection problems occur
when you follow the instructions in this guide. To do this, use
the <command>mysql_secure_installation</command> command.
Note that if <command>mysql_secure_installation</command> fails
you might need to use <command>mysql_install_db</command> first:</para>
<screen os="ubuntu;debian;rhel;centos;fedora;opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mysql_install_db</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mysql_secure_installation</userinput></screen>
<para><phrase os="rhel;centos;fedora;opensuse;sles">If you have
not already set a root database password, press
<keycap>ENTER</keycap> when you are prompted for the
password.</phrase> This command presents a number of options
for you to secure your database installation. Respond
<userinput>yes</userinput> to all prompts unless you have a
good reason to do otherwise.</para>
</section>
<section xml:id="basics-database-node">
<title>Node setup</title>
<para>On all nodes other than the controller node, install the
<phrase os="ubuntu;debian;rhel;fedora;centos"
>MySQL</phrase>
<phrase os="opensuse">MariaDB (on openSUSE)</phrase> client
and the MySQL Python library on any system that does not
host a MySQL database:</para>
<screen os="ubuntu;debian"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>apt-get install python-mysqldb</userinput></screen>
<screen os="rhel;fedora;centos"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>yum install mysql MySQL-python</userinput></screen>
<screen os="opensuse"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper install mariadb-client python-mysql</userinput></screen>
<para os="sles">For SUSE Linux Enterprise, install
MySQL:</para>
<screen os="sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper install mysql-client python-mysql</userinput></screen>
</section>
</section>
<section xml:id="basics-packages">
<title>OpenStack packages</title>
<para>Distributions might release OpenStack packages as part of
their distribution or through other methods because the
OpenStack and distribution release times are independent of each
other.</para>
<para>This section describes the configuration you must
complete after you configure machines to install the latest
OpenStack packages.</para>
<para os="fedora;centos;rhel">The examples in this guide use the
OpenStack packages from the RDO repository. These packages work
on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6, compatible versions of CentOS,
and Fedora 20. To enable the RDO repository, download and
install the <package>rdo-release-icehouse</package>
package.</para>
<screen os="fedora;centos;rhel"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>yum install http://repos.fedorapeople.org/repos/openstack/openstack-icehouse/rdo-release-icehouse-1.noarch.rpm</userinput></screen>
<para os="fedora;centos;rhel">The EPEL package includes GPG keys
for package signing and repository information. This should only
be installed on Red Hat Enterprise Linux and CentOS, not Fedora.
Install the latest <package>epel-release</package> package (see
<link
xlink:href="http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/repoview/epel-release.html"
>http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/repoview/epel-release.html</link>).
For example:</para>
<screen os="fedora;centos;rhel"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>yum install http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm</userinput></screen>
<para os="fedora;centos;rhel">The
<package>openstack-utils</package> package contains utility
programs that make installation and configuration easier. These
programs are used throughout this guide. Install
<package>openstack-utils</package>. This verifies that you can
access the RDO repository.</para>
<screen os="fedora;centos;rhel"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>yum install openstack-utils</userinput></screen>
<para os="opensuse;sles">Use the Open Build Service repositories
for <glossterm>Icehouse</glossterm> based on your openSUSE or
SUSE Linux Enterprise
Server version, for example if you run openSUSE 12.3 use:</para>
<screen os="opensuse"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper addrepo -f obs://Cloud:OpenStack:Icehouse/openSUSE_12.3 Icehouse</userinput></screen>
<para os="opensuse">For openSUSE 13.1 use:</para>
<screen os="opensuse"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper addrepo -f obs://Cloud:OpenStack:Icehouse/openSUSE_13.1 Icehouse</userinput></screen>
<para os="sles">If you use SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP3,
use:</para>
<screen os="sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper addrepo -f obs://Cloud:OpenStack:Icehouse/SLE_11_SP3 Icehouse</userinput></screen>
<para os="opensuse;sles">The <package>openstack-utils</package>
package contains utility programs that make installation and
configuration easier. These programs are used throughout this
guide. Install <package>openstack-utils</package>. This verifies
that you can access the Open Build Service repository:</para>
<screen os="opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper install openstack-utils</userinput></screen>
<warning os="fedora;centos;rhel;opensuse;sles">
<para>The <application>openstack-config</application> program
in the <package>openstack-utils</package> package uses
<application>crudini</application> to manipulate configuration
files. However, <application>crudini</application> version 0.3
does not support multi valued options. See
<link
xlink:href="https://bugs.launchpad.net/openstack-manuals/+bug/1269271"
>https://bugs.launchpad.net/openstack-manuals/+bug/1269271</link>.
As a work around, you must manually set any multi valued
options or the new value overwrites the previous value instead
of creating a new option.</para>
</warning>
<para os="fedora;centos;rhel">The
<package>openstack-selinux</package> package includes the
policy files that are required to configure SELinux during
OpenStack installation.
Install <package>openstack-selinux</package>.</para>
<screen os="fedora;centos;rhel"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>yum install openstack-selinux</userinput></screen>
<para os="fedora;centos;rhel;opensuse;sles">Upgrade your system packages:</para>
<screen os="fedora;centos;rhel"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>yum upgrade</userinput></screen>
<screen os="opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper refresh</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper update</userinput></screen>
<para os="fedora;centos;rhel;opensuse;sles">If the upgrade included a new
kernel package, reboot the system to ensure the new kernel is running:</para>
<screen os="fedora;centos;rhel;opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>reboot</userinput></screen>
<procedure xml:id="ubuntu-cloud-archive" os="ubuntu">
<title>To use the Ubuntu Cloud Archive for Icehouse</title>
<para>The <link
xlink:href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ServerTeam/CloudArchive"
>Ubuntu Cloud Archive</link> is a special repository that
allows you to install newer releases of OpenStack on the
stable supported version of Ubuntu.</para>
<step>
<para>Install the Ubuntu Cloud Archive for
<glossterm>Icehouse</glossterm>:
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>apt-get install python-software-properties</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>add-apt-repository cloud-archive:icehouse</userinput></screen></para>
</step>
<step>
<para>Update the package database, upgrade your system, and reboot
for all changes to take effect:
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>apt-get update &amp;&amp; apt-get dist-upgrade</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>reboot</userinput> </screen></para>
</step>
</procedure>
<procedure xml:id="debian-cloud-archive" os="debian">
<title>To use the Debian Wheezy backports archive for
Icehouse</title>
<para>The <glossterm>Icehouse</glossterm> release is available
only in Debian Sid
(otherwise called Unstable). However, the Debian maintainers
of OpenStack also maintain a non-official Debian repository
for OpenStack containing Wheezy backports.</para>
<step>
<para>Install the Debian Wheezy backport repository
Icehouse:</para>
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>echo "deb http://archive.gplhost.com/debian icehouse-backports main" >>/etc/apt/sources.list</userinput></screen>
</step>
<step>
<para>Install the Debian Wheezy OpenStack repository for
Icehouse:</para>
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>echo "deb http://archive.gplhost.com/debian icehouse main" >>/etc/apt/sources.list</userinput></screen>
</step>
<step>
<para>Update the repository database and install the key:</para>
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>apt-get update &amp;&amp; apt-get install gplhost-archive-keyring</userinput></screen>
</step>
<step>
<para>Update the package database, upgrade your system, and reboot
for all changes to take effect:</para>
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>apt-get update &amp;&amp; apt-get dist-upgrade</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>reboot</userinput></screen>
</step>
</procedure>
<para os="debian">Numerous archive.gplhost.com mirrors are
available around the world. All are available with both FTP and
HTTP protocols (you should use the closest mirror). The list of
mirrors is available at <link
xlink:href="http://archive.gplhost.com/readme.mirrors"
>http://archive.gplhost.com/readme.mirrors</link>.</para>
</section>
<section xml:id="basics-argparse" os="debian">
<title>Manually install python-argparse</title>
<para>The Debian OpenStack packages are maintained on Debian Sid
(also known as Debian Unstable) - the current development
version. Backported packages run correctly on Debian Wheezy with
one caveat:</para>
<para>All OpenStack packages are written in Python. Wheezy uses
Python 2.6 and 2.7, with Python 2.6 as the default interpreter;
Sid has only Python 2.7. There is one packaging change between
these two. In Python 2.6, you installed the
<package>python-argparse</package> package separately. In
Python 2.7, this package is installed by default. Unfortunately,
in Python 2.7, this package does not include <code>Provides:
python-argparse</code> directive.</para>
<para>Because the packages are maintained in Sid where the
<code>Provides: python-argparse</code> directive causes an
error, and the Debian OpenStack maintainer wants to maintain one
version of the OpenStack packages, you must manually install the
<package>python-argparse</package> on each OpenStack system
that runs Debian Wheezy before you install the other OpenStack
packages. Use the following command to install the
package:</para>
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>apt-get install python-argparse</userinput></screen>
<para>This caveat applies to most OpenStack packages in
Wheezy.</para>
</section>
<section xml:id="basics-queue">
<title>Messaging server</title>
<para>On the controller node, install the messaging queue server.
Typically this is <phrase os="ubuntu;debian;opensuse;sles"
><glossterm>RabbitMQ</glossterm></phrase>
<phrase os="centos;rhel;fedora">
<glossterm>Qpid</glossterm></phrase> but
<phrase os="ubuntu;debian;opensuse;sles"><glossterm>Qpid</glossterm></phrase>
<phrase os="centos;rhel;fedora"><glossterm>RabbitMQ</glossterm></phrase>
and <glossterm>ZeroMQ</glossterm> (0MQ) are also available.</para>
<screen os="ubuntu;debian"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>apt-get install rabbitmq-server</userinput></screen>
<screen os="opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>zypper install rabbitmq-server</userinput></screen>
<screen os="fedora;centos;rhel"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>yum install qpid-cpp-server memcached</userinput></screen>
<note os="ubuntu;debian;opensuse;sles">
<title>Important security consideration</title>
<para>The <package>rabbitmq-server</package> package configures
the RabbitMQ service to start automatically and creates a
<literal>guest</literal> user with a default
<literal>guest</literal> password. The RabbitMQ examples in
this guide use the <literal>guest</literal> account, though it
is strongly advised to change its default password, especially
if you have IPv6 available: by default the RabbitMQ server
enables anyone to connect to it by using guest as login and
password, and with IPv6, it is reachable from the
outside.</para>
<para>To change the default guest password of RabbitMQ:</para>
<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>rabbitmqctl change_password guest <replaceable>RABBIT_PASS</replaceable></userinput></screen>
</note>
<para os="fedora;centos;rhel">Disable Qpid authentication by
editing <filename>/etc/qpidd.conf</filename> file and changing
the <literal>auth</literal> option to
<literal>no</literal>.</para>
<screen os="fedora;centos;rhel"> <userinput>auth=no</userinput></screen>
<note os="fedora;centos;rhel">
<para>
To simplify configuration, the Qpid examples in this guide do not use
authentication. However, we strongly advise enabling authentication
for production deployments. For more information on securing Qpid
refer to the
<link xlink:href=
"http://qpid.apache.org/books/trunk/AMQP-Messaging-Broker-CPP-Book/html/chap-Messaging_User_Guide-Security.html"
>Qpid Documentation</link>.
</para>
<para>
After you enable Qpid authentication, you must update the configuration
file of each OpenStack service to ensure that the
<literal>qpid_username</literal> and <literal>qpid_password</literal>
configuration keys refer to a valid Qpid username and password,
respectively.
</para>
</note>
<para os="fedora;centos;rhel">Start Qpid and set it to start
automatically when the system boots.</para>
<screen os="fedora;centos;rhel"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service qpidd start</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig qpidd on</userinput></screen>
<para os="opensuse;sles">Start the messaging service and set it to
start automatically when the system boots:</para>
<screen os="opensuse;sles"><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service rabbitmq-server start</userinput>
<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chkconfig rabbitmq-server on</userinput></screen>
<para>Congratulations, now you are ready to install OpenStack
services!</para>
</section>
</chapter>