db91682ed9
* Trivial changes to improve readability. Change-Id: I5c388382019fd534f04847d1be4d62a6aea898e7
231 lines
13 KiB
XML
231 lines
13 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0"
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xml:id="certificates-for-pki">
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<?dbhtml stop-chunking?>
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<title>Certificates for PKI</title>
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<para>PKI stands for Public Key Infrastructure. Tokens are
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documents, cryptographically signed using the X509 standard.
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In order to work correctly token generation requires a
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public/private key pair. The public key must be signed in an
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X509 certificate, and the certificate used to sign it must be
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available as Certificate Authority (CA) certificate. These
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files can be generated either using the
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<command>keystone-manage</command> utility, or externally
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generated. The files need to be in the locations specified by
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the top level Identity Service configuration file
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<filename>keystone.conf</filename> as specified in the
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above section. Additionally, the private key should only be
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readable by the system user that will run the Identity
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Service.</para>
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<warning>
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<para>The certificates can be world readable, but the private
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key cannot be. The private key should only be readable by
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the account that is going to sign tokens. When generating
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files with the <command>keystone-manage
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pki_setup</command> command, your best option is to
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run as the pki user. If you run nova-manage as root, you
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can append --keystone-user and --keystone-group parameters
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to set the username and group keystone is going to run
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under.</para>
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</warning>
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<para>The values that specify where to read the certificates are
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under the <literal>[signing]</literal> section of the
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configuration file. The configuration values are:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<literal>token_format</literal> - Determines the
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algorithm used to generate tokens. Can be either
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<literal>UUID</literal> or <literal>PKI</literal>.
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Defaults to <literal>PKI</literal>.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<literal>certfile</literal> - Location of certificate
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used to verify tokens. Default is
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<literal>/etc/keystone/ssl/certs/signing_cert.pem</literal>.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<literal>keyfile</literal> - Location of private key
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used to sign tokens. Default is
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<literal>/etc/keystone/ssl/private/signing_key.pem</literal>.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<literal>ca_certs</literal> - Location of certificate
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for the authority that issued the above certificate.
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Default is
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<literal>/etc/keystone/ssl/certs/ca.pem</literal>.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<literal>key_size</literal> - Default is
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<literal>1024</literal>.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<literal>valid_days</literal> - Default is
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<literal>3650</literal>.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<literal>ca_password</literal> - Password required to
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read the <literal>ca_file</literal>. Default is
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<literal>None</literal>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>If <literal>token_format=UUID</literal>, a typical token
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looks like
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<literal>53f7f6ef0cc344b5be706bcc8b1479e1</literal>. If
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<literal>token_format=PKI</literal>, a typical token is a
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much longer string, such as:</para>
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<screen>MIIKtgYJKoZIhvcNAQcCoIIKpzCCCqMCAQExCTAHBgUrDgMCGjCCCY8GCSqGSIb3DQEHAaCCCYAEggl8eyJhY2Nlc3MiOiB7InRva2VuIjogeyJpc3N1ZWRfYXQiOiAiMjAxMy0wNS0z
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MFQxNTo1MjowNi43MzMxOTgiLCAiZXhwaXJlcyI6ICIyMDEzLTA1LTMxVDE1OjUyOjA2WiIsICJpZCI6ICJwbGFjZWhvbGRlciIsICJ0ZW5hbnQiOiB7ImRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIjogbnVs
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bCwgImVuYWJsZWQiOiB0cnVlLCAiaWQiOiAiYzJjNTliNGQzZDI4NGQ4ZmEwOWYxNjljYjE4MDBlMDYiLCAibmFtZSI6ICJkZW1vIn19LCAic2VydmljZUNhdGFsb2ciOiBbeyJlbmRw
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b2ludHMiOiBbeyJhZG1pblVSTCI6ICJodHRwOi8vMTkyLjE2OC4yNy4xMDA6ODc3NC92Mi9jMmM1OWI0ZDNkMjg0ZDhmYTA5ZjE2OWNiMTgwMGUwNiIsICJyZWdpb24iOiAiUmVnaW9u
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T25lIiwgImludGVybmFsVVJMIjogImh0dHA6Ly8xOTIuMTY4LjI3LjEwMDo4Nzc0L3YyL2MyYzU5YjRkM2QyODRkOGZhMDlmMTY5Y2IxODAwZTA2IiwgImlkIjogIjFmYjMzYmM5M2Y5
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ODRhNGNhZTk3MmViNzcwOTgzZTJlIiwgInB1YmxpY1VSTCI6ICJodHRwOi8vMTkyLjE2OC4yNy4xMDA6ODc3NC92Mi9jMmM1OWI0ZDNkMjg0ZDhmYTA5ZjE2OWNiMTgwMGUwNiJ9XSwg
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ImVuZHBvaW50c19saW5rcyI6IFtdLCAidHlwZSI6ICJjb21wdXRlIiwgIm5hbWUiOiAibm92YSJ9LCB7ImVuZHBvaW50cyI6IFt7ImFkbWluVVJMIjogImh0dHA6Ly8xOTIuMTY4LjI3
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LjEwMDozMzMzIiwgInJlZ2lvbiI6ICJSZWdpb25PbmUiLCAiaW50ZXJuYWxVUkwiOiAiaHR0cDovLzE5Mi4xNjguMjcuMTAwOjMzMzMiLCAiaWQiOiAiN2JjMThjYzk1NWFiNDNkYjhm
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MGU2YWNlNDU4NjZmMzAiLCAicHVibGljVVJMIjogImh0dHA6Ly8xOTIuMTY4LjI3LjEwMDozMzMzIn1dLCAiZW5kcG9pbnRzX2xpbmtzIjogW10sICJ0eXBlIjogInMzIiwgIm5hbWUi
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OiAiczMifSwgeyJlbmRwb2ludHMiOiBbeyJhZG1pblVSTCI6ICJodHRwOi8vMTkyLjE2OC4yNy4xMDA6OTI5MiIsICJyZWdpb24iOiAiUmVnaW9uT25lIiwgImludGVybmFsVVJMIjog
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Imh0dHA6Ly8xOTIuMTY4LjI3LjEwMDo5MjkyIiwgImlkIjogIjczODQzNTJhNTQ0MjQ1NzVhM2NkOTVkN2E0YzNjZGY1IiwgInB1YmxpY1VSTCI6ICJodHRwOi8vMTkyLjE2OC4yNy4x
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MDA6OTI5MiJ9XSwgImVuZHBvaW50c19saW5rcyI6IFtdLCAidHlwZSI6ICJpbWFnZSIsICJuYW1lIjogImdsYW5jZSJ9LCB7ImVuZHBvaW50cyI6IFt7ImFkbWluVVJMIjogImh0dHA6
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Ly8xOTIuMTY4LjI3LjEwMDo4Nzc2L3YxL2MyYzU5YjRkM2QyODRkOGZhMDlmMTY5Y2IxODAwZTA2IiwgInJlZ2lvbiI6ICJSZWdpb25PbmUiLCAiaW50ZXJuYWxVUkwiOiAiaHR0cDov
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LzE5Mi4xNjguMjcuMTAwOjg3NzYvdjEvYzJjNTliNGQzZDI4NGQ4ZmEwOWYxNjljYjE4MDBlMDYiLCAiaWQiOiAiMzQ3ZWQ2ZThjMjkxNGU1MGFlMmJiNjA2YWQxNDdjNTQiLCAicHVi
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bGljVVJMIjogImh0dHA6Ly8xOTIuMTY4LjI3LjEwMDo4Nzc2L3YxL2MyYzU5YjRkM2QyODRkOGZhMDlmMTY5Y2IxODAwZTA2In1dLCAiZW5kcG9pbnRzX2xpbmtzIjogW10sICJ0eXBl
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IjogInZvbHVtZSIsICJuYW1lIjogImNpbmRlciJ9LCB7ImVuZHBvaW50cyI6IFt7ImFkbWluVVJMIjogImh0dHA6Ly8xOTIuMTY4LjI3LjEwMDo4NzczL3NlcnZpY2VzL0FkbWluIiwg
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InJlZ2lvbiI6ICJSZWdpb25PbmUiLCAiaW50ZXJuYWxVUkwiOiAiaHR0cDovLzE5Mi4xNjguMjcuMTAwOjg3NzMvc2VydmljZXMvQ2xvdWQiLCAiaWQiOiAiMmIwZGMyYjNlY2U4NGJj
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YWE1NDAzMDMzNzI5YzY3MjIiLCAicHVibGljVVJMIjogImh0dHA6Ly8xOTIuMTY4LjI3LjEwMDo4NzczL3NlcnZpY2VzL0Nsb3VkIn1dLCAiZW5kcG9pbnRzX2xpbmtzIjogW10sICJ0
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eXBlIjogImVjMiIsICJuYW1lIjogImVjMiJ9LCB7ImVuZHBvaW50cyI6IFt7ImFkbWluVVJMIjogImh0dHA6Ly8xOTIuMTY4LjI3LjEwMDozNTM1Ny92Mi4wIiwgInJlZ2lvbiI6ICJS
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ZWdpb25PbmUiLCAiaW50ZXJuYWxVUkwiOiAiaHR0cDovLzE5Mi4xNjguMjcuMTAwOjUwMDAvdjIuMCIsICJpZCI6ICJiNTY2Y2JlZjA2NjQ0ZmY2OWMyOTMxNzY2Yjc5MTIyOSIsICJw
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dWJsaWNVUkwiOiAiaHR0cDovLzE5Mi4xNjguMjcuMTAwOjUwMDAvdjIuMCJ9XSwgImVuZHBvaW50c19saW5rcyI6IFtdLCAidHlwZSI6ICJpZGVudGl0eSIsICJuYW1lIjogImtleXN0
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b25lIn1dLCAidXNlciI6IHsidXNlcm5hbWUiOiAiZGVtbyIsICJyb2xlc19saW5rcyI6IFtdLCAiaWQiOiAiZTVhMTM3NGE4YTRmNDI4NWIzYWQ3MzQ1MWU2MDY4YjEiLCAicm9sZXMi
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OiBbeyJuYW1lIjogImFub3RoZXJyb2xlIn0sIHsibmFtZSI6ICJNZW1iZXIifV0sICJuYW1lIjogImRlbW8ifSwgIm1ldGFkYXRhIjogeyJpc19hZG1pbiI6IDAsICJyb2xlcyI6IFsi
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YWRiODM3NDVkYzQzNGJhMzk5ODllNjBjOTIzYWZhMjgiLCAiMzM2ZTFiNjE1N2Y3NGFmZGJhNWUwYTYwMWUwNjM5MmYiXX19fTGB-zCB-AIBATBcMFcxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMQ4wDAYD
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VQQIEwVVbnNldDEOMAwGA1UEBxMFVW5zZXQxDjAMBgNVBAoTBVVuc2V0MRgwFgYDVQQDEw93d3cuZXhhbXBsZS5jb20CAQEwBwYFKw4DAhowDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQAEgYCAHLpsEs2R
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nouriuiCgFayIqCssK3SVdhOMINiuJtqv0sE-wBDFiEj-Prcudqlz-n+6q7VgV4mwMPszz39-rwp+P5l4AjrJasUm7FrO-4l02tPLaaZXU1gBQ1jUG5e5aL5jPDP08HbCWuX6wr-QQQB
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SrWY8lF3HrTcJT23sZIleg==</screen>
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<section xml:id="signing-certificate-issued-by-external-ca">
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<title>Sign certificate issued by external CA</title>
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<para>You can use a signing certificate issued by an external
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CA instead of generated by
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<command>keystone-manage</command>. However, a
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certificate issued by an external CA must satisfy the
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following conditions:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>all certificate and key files must be in Privacy
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Enhanced Mail (PEM) format</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>private key files must not be protected by a
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password</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>When using signing certificate issued by an external CA,
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you do not need to specify <literal>key_size</literal>,
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<literal>valid_days</literal>, and
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<literal>ca_password</literal> as they will be
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ignored.</para>
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<para>The basic workflow for using a signing certificate
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issued by an external CA involves:</para>
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<orderedlist numeration="arabic">
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<listitem>
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<para>Request Signing Certificate from External CA
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Convert certificate and private key to PEM if
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needed</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Install External Signing Certificate</para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="request-signing-certificate-from-external-ca">
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<title>Request a signing certificate from an external
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CA</title>
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<para>One way to request a signing certificate from an
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external CA is to first generate a PKCS #10 Certificate
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Request Syntax (CRS) using OpenSSL CLI.</para>
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<para>Create a certificate request configuration file. For
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example, create the <filename>cert_req.conf</filename>
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file, as follows:</para>
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<programlisting language="ini">[ req ]
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default_bits = 1024
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default_keyfile = keystonekey.pem
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default_md = sha1
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prompt = no
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distinguished_name = distinguished_name
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[ distinguished_name ]
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countryName = US
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stateOrProvinceName = CA
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localityName = Sunnyvale
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organizationName = OpenStack
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organizationalUnitName = Keystone
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commonName = Keystone Signing
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emailAddress = keystone@openstack.org
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</programlisting>
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<para>Then generate a CRS with OpenSSL CLI. <emphasis
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role="strong">Do not encrypt the generated private
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key. Must use the -nodes option.</emphasis>
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</para>
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<para>For example:</para>
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<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>openssl req -newkey rsa:1024 -keyout signing_key.pem -keyform PEM \
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-out signing_cert_req.pem -outform PEM -config cert_req.conf -nodes</userinput></screen>
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<para>If everything is successful, you should end up with
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<filename>signing_cert_req.pem</filename> and
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<filename>signing_key.pem</filename>. Send
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<filename>signing_cert_req.pem</filename> to your CA
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to request a token signing certificate and make sure to
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ask the certificate to be in PEM format. Also, make sure
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your trusted CA certificate chain is also in PEM format.
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</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="install-external-signing-certificate">
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<title>Install an external signing certificate</title>
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<para>Assuming you have the following already:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<filename>signing_cert.pem</filename> - (Keystone
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token) signing certificate in PEM format</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<filename>signing_key.pem</filename> -
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corresponding (non-encrypted) private key in PEM
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format</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<filename>cacert.pem</filename> - trust CA
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certificate chain in PEM format</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>Copy the above to your certificate directory. For
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example:</para>
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<screen><prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mkdir -p /etc/keystone/ssl/certs</userinput>
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<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cp signing_cert.pem /etc/keystone/ssl/certs/</userinput>
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<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cp signing_key.pem /etc/keystone/ssl/certs/</userinput>
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<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cp cacert.pem /etc/keystone/ssl/certs/</userinput>
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<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>chmod -R 700 /etc/keystone/ssl/certs</userinput>
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</screen>
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<note>
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<para>Make sure the certificate directory is only
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accessible by root.</para>
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</note>
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<para>If your certificate directory path is different from the
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default <filename>/etc/keystone/ssl/certs</filename>, make
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sure it is reflected in the <literal>[signing]</literal>
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section of the configuration file.</para>
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</section>
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</section>
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