799 lines
39 KiB
XML
799 lines
39 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE section [
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<!ENTITY % openstack SYSTEM "../../common/entities/openstack.ent">
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%openstack;
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]>
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<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
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xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
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version="5.0"
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xml:id="configuring-object-storage-features">
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<title>Configure Object Storage features</title>
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<section xml:id="swift-zones">
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<title>Object Storage zones</title>
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<para>In OpenStack Object Storage, data is placed across
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different tiers of failure domains. First, data is spread
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across regions, then zones, then servers, and finally
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across drives. Data is placed to get the highest failure
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domain isolation. If you deploy multiple regions, the
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Object Storage service places the data across the regions.
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Within a region, each replica of the data should be stored
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in unique zones, if possible. If there is only one zone,
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data should be placed on different servers. And if there
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is only one server, data should be placed on different
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drives.</para>
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<para>Regions are widely separated installations with a
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high-latency or otherwise constrained network link between
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them. Zones are arbitrarily assigned, and it is up to the
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administrator of the Object Storage cluster to choose an
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isolation level and attempt to maintain the isolation
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level through appropriate zone assignment. For example, a
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zone may be defined as a rack with a single power source.
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Or a zone may be a DC room with a common utility provider.
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Servers are identified by a unique IP/port. Drives are
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locally attached storage volumes identified by mount
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point.</para>
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<para>In small clusters (five nodes or fewer), everything is
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normally in a single zone. Larger Object Storage
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deployments may assign zone designations differently; for
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example, an entire cabinet or rack of servers may be
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designated as a single zone to maintain replica
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availability if the cabinet becomes unavailable (for
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example, due to failure of the top of rack switches or a
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dedicated circuit). In very large deployments, such as
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service provider level deployments, each zone might have
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an entirely autonomous switching and power infrastructure,
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so that even the loss of an electrical circuit or
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switching aggregator would result in the loss of a single
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replica at most.</para>
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<section xml:id="swift-zones-rackspacerecs">
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<title>Rackspace zone recommendations</title>
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<para>For ease of maintenance on OpenStack Object Storage,
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Rackspace recommends that you set up at least five
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nodes. Each node is assigned its own zone (for a total
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of five zones), which gives you host level redundancy.
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This enables you to take down a single zone for
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maintenance and still guarantee object availability in
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the event that another zone fails during your
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maintenance.</para>
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<para>You could keep each server in its own cabinet to achieve cabinet level isolation,
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but you may wish to wait until your Object Storage service is better established
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before developing cabinet-level isolation. OpenStack Object Storage is flexible; if
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you later decide to change the isolation level, you can take down one zone at a time
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and move them to appropriate new homes.</para>
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</section>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="swift-raid-controller">
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<title>RAID controller configuration</title>
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<para>OpenStack Object Storage does not require RAID. In fact,
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most RAID configurations cause significant performance
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degradation. The main reason for using a RAID controller
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is the battery-backed cache. It is very important for data
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integrity reasons that when the operating system confirms
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a write has been committed that the write has actually
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been committed to a persistent location. Most disks lie
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about hardware commits by default, instead writing to a
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faster write cache for performance reasons. In most cases,
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that write cache exists only in non-persistent memory. In
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the case of a loss of power, this data may never actually
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get committed to disk, resulting in discrepancies that the
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underlying file system must handle.</para>
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<para>
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OpenStack Object Storage works best on the XFS file system, and
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this document assumes that the hardware being used is configured
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appropriately to be mounted with the <command>nobarriers</command>
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option. For more information, see the <link
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xlink:href="http://xfs.org/index.php/XFS_FAQ">XFS FAQ</link>.
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</para>
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<para>To get the most out of your hardware, it is essential
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that every disk used in OpenStack Object Storage is
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configured as a standalone, individual RAID 0 disk; in the
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case of 6 disks, you would have six RAID 0s or one JBOD.
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Some RAID controllers do not support JBOD or do not
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support battery backed cache with JBOD. To ensure the
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integrity of your data, you must ensure that the
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individual drive caches are disabled and the battery
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backed cache in your RAID card is configured and used.
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Failure to configure the controller properly in this case
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puts data at risk in the case of sudden loss of
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power.</para>
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<para>You can also use hybrid drives or similar options for
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battery backed up cache configurations without a RAID
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controller.</para>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="object-storage-rate-limits">
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<?dbhtml stop-chunking?>
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<title>Throttle resources through rate limits</title>
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<para>Rate limiting in OpenStack Object Storage is implemented
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as a pluggable middleware that you configure on the proxy
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server. Rate limiting is performed on requests that result
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in database writes to the account and container SQLite
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databases. It uses memcached and is dependent on the proxy
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servers having highly synchronized time. The rate limits
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are limited by the accuracy of the proxy server
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clocks.</para>
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<section xml:id="configuration-for-rate-limiting">
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<title>Configure rate limiting</title>
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<para>All configuration is optional. If no account or
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container limits are provided, no rate limiting
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occurs. Available configuration options
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include:</para>
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<xi:include
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href="../../common/tables/swift-proxy-server-filter-ratelimit.xml"/>
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<para>The container rate limits are linearly interpolated
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from the values given. A sample container rate
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limiting could be:</para>
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<para>container_ratelimit_100 = 100</para>
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<para>container_ratelimit_200 = 50</para>
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<para>container_ratelimit_500 = 20</para>
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<para>This would result in:</para>
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<table rules="all">
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<caption>Values for Rate Limiting with Sample
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Configuration Settings</caption>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>Container Size</td>
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<td>Rate Limit</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>0-99</td>
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<td>No limiting</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>100</td>
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<td>100</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>150</td>
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<td>75</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>500</td>
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<td>20</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>1000</td>
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<td>20</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</section>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="object-storage-healthcheck">
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<title>Health check</title>
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<para>Provides an easy way to monitor whether the Object Storage proxy server is alive. If
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you access the proxy with the path <filename>/healthcheck</filename>, it responds with
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<literal>OK</literal> in the response body, which monitoring tools can use.</para>
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<xi:include
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href="../../common/tables/swift-account-server-filter-healthcheck.xml"
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/>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="object-storage-domain-remap">
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<title>Domain remap</title>
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<para>Middleware that translates container and account parts
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of a domain to path parameters that the proxy server
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understands.</para>
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<xi:include
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href="../../common/tables/swift-proxy-server-filter-domain_remap.xml"
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/>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="object-storage-cname-lookup">
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<title>CNAME lookup</title>
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<para>Middleware that translates an unknown domain in the host
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header to something that ends with the configured
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<code>storage_domain</code> by looking up the given domain's CNAME
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record in DNS.</para>
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<xi:include
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href="../../common/tables/swift-proxy-server-filter-cname_lookup.xml"
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/>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="object-storage-tempurl">
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<?dbhtml stop-chunking?>
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<title>Temporary URL</title>
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<para>Allows the creation of URLs to provide temporary access to objects. For example, a
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website may wish to provide a link to download a large object in OpenStack Object
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Storage, but the Object Storage account has no public access. The website can generate a
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URL that provides GET access for a limited time to the resource. When the web browser
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user clicks on the link, the browser downloads the object directly from Object Storage,
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eliminating the need for the website to act as a proxy for the request. If the user
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shares the link with all his friends, or accidentally posts it on a forum, the direct
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access is limited to the expiration time set when the website created the link.</para>
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<para>A temporary URL is the typical URL associated with an
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object, with two additional query parameters:<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>temp_url_sig</literal></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>A cryptographic signature</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>temp_url_expires</literal></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>An expiration date, in Unix time</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist></para>
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<para>An example of a temporary
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URL:<programlisting>
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https://swift-cluster.example.com/v1/AUTH_a422b2-91f3-2f46-74b7-d7c9e8958f5d30/container/object?
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temp_url_sig=da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709&
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temp_url_expires=1323479485
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</programlisting></para>
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<para>
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To create temporary URLs, first set the
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<literal>X-Account-Meta-Temp-URL-Key</literal> header on your
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Object Storage account to an arbitrary string. This string serves
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as a secret key. For example, to set a key of
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<literal>b3968d0207b54ece87cccc06515a89d4</literal> by using the
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<command>swift</command> command-line tool:
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</para>
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<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>swift post -m "Temp-URL-Key:<replaceable>b3968d0207b54ece87cccc06515a89d4</replaceable>"</userinput></screen>
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<para>Next, generate an HMAC-SHA1 (RFC 2104) signature to
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specify:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>Which HTTP method to allow (typically
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<literal>GET</literal> or
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<literal>PUT</literal>)</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The expiry date as a Unix timestamp</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The full path to the object</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The secret key set as the
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<literal>X-Account-Meta-Temp-URL-Key</literal></para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>Here is code generating the signature for a GET for 24
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hours on
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<code>/v1/AUTH_account/container/object</code>:</para>
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<programlisting language="python">import hmac
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from hashlib import sha1
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from time import time
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method = 'GET'
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duration_in_seconds = 60*60*24
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expires = int(time() + duration_in_seconds)
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path = '/v1/AUTH_a422b2-91f3-2f46-74b7-d7c9e8958f5d30/container/object'
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key = 'mykey'
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hmac_body = '%s\n%s\n%s' % (method, expires, path)
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sig = hmac.new(key, hmac_body, sha1).hexdigest()
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s = 'https://{host}/{path}?temp_url_sig={sig}&temp_url_expires={expires}'
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url = s.format(host='swift-cluster.example.com', path=path, sig=sig, expires=expires)</programlisting>
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<para>
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Any alteration of the resource path or query arguments results in
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a <errorcode>401</errorcode> <errortext>Unauthorized</errortext>
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error. Similarly, a PUT where GET was the allowed method returns a
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<errorcode>401</errorcode> error. HEAD is allowed if GET or PUT is
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allowed. Using this in combination with browser form post
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translation middleware could also allow direct-from-browser
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uploads to specific locations in Object Storage.
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</para>
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<note>
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<para>
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Changing the <literal>X-Account-Meta-Temp-URL-Key</literal>
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invalidates any previously generated
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temporary URLs within 60 seconds, which is the memcache time for
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the key. Object Storage supports up to two keys,
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specified by <literal>X-Account-Meta-Temp-URL-Key</literal>
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and <literal>X-Account-Meta-Temp-URL-Key-2</literal>.
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Signatures are checked against both keys,
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if present. This process enables key rotation without
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invalidating all existing temporary URLs.
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</para>
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</note>
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<para>
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Object Storage includes the <command>swift-temp-url</command>
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script that generates the query parameters automatically:
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</para>
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<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>bin/swift-temp-url GET 3600 /v1/AUTH_account/container/object mykey</userinput>
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<computeroutput>/v1/AUTH_account/container/object?
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temp_url_sig=5c4cc8886f36a9d0919d708ade98bf0cc71c9e91&
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temp_url_expires=1374497657</computeroutput></screen>
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<para>Because this command only returns the path, you must
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prefix the Object Storage host name (for example,
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<literal>https://swift-cluster.example.com</literal>).</para>
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<para>With GET Temporary URLs, a
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<literal>Content-Disposition</literal> header is set
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on the response so that browsers interpret this as a file
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attachment to be saved. The file name chosen is based on
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the object name, but you can override this with a
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<literal>filename</literal> query parameter. The
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following example specifies a filename of <filename>My
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Test File.pdf</filename>:</para>
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<programlisting>https://swift-cluster.example.com/v1/AUTH_a422b2-91f3-2f46-74b7-d7c9e8958f5d30/container/object?
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temp_url_sig=da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709&
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temp_url_expires=1323479485&
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filename=My+Test+File.pdf</programlisting>
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<para>If you do not want the object to be downloaded, you can cause
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<literal>Content-Disposition: inline</literal>
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to be set on the response by adding
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the <literal>inline</literal> parameter to the query string, as follows:</para>
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<programlisting>https://swift-cluster.example.com/v1/AUTH_account/container/object?
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temp_url_sig=da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709&
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temp_url_expires=1323479485&inline</programlisting>
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<para>To enable Temporary URL functionality, edit
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<filename>/etc/swift/proxy-server.conf</filename> to
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add <literal>tempurl</literal> to the
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<literal>pipeline</literal> variable defined in the
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<literal>[pipeline:main]</literal> section. The
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<literal>tempurl</literal> entry should appear
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immediately before the authentication filters in the
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pipeline, such as <literal>authtoken</literal>,
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<literal>tempauth</literal> or
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<literal>keystoneauth</literal>. For
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example:<programlisting>[pipeline:main]
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pipeline = pipeline = healthcheck cache <emphasis role="bold">tempurl</emphasis> authtoken keystoneauth proxy-server</programlisting></para>
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<xi:include
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href="../../common/tables/swift-proxy-server-filter-tempurl.xml"
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/>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="object-storage-name-check">
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<title>Name check filter</title>
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<para>Name Check is a filter that disallows any paths that
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contain defined forbidden characters or that exceed a
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defined length.</para>
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<xi:include
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href="../../common/tables/swift-proxy-server-filter-name_check.xml"
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/>
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</section>
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<section xml:id="object-storage-constraints">
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<title>Constraints</title>
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<para>To change the OpenStack Object Storage internal limits,
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update the values in the
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<literal>swift-constraints</literal> section in the
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<filename>swift.conf</filename> file. Use caution when
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you update these values because they affect the
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performance in the entire cluster.</para>
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<xi:include
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href="../../common/tables/swift-swift-swift-constraints.xml"
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/>
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</section>
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|
<section xml:id="object-storage-dispersion">
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<title>Cluster health</title>
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|
<para>
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Use the <command>swift-dispersion-report</command> tool to measure
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overall cluster health. This tool checks if a set of deliberately
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distributed containers and objects are currently in their proper
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places within the cluster. For instance, a common deployment has
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three replicas of each object. The health of that object can be
|
|
measured by checking if each replica is in its proper place. If
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only 2 of the 3 is in place the object's health can be said to be
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at 66.66%, where 100% would be perfect. A single object's health,
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|
especially an older object, usually reflects the health of that
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entire partition the object is in. If you make enough objects on a
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|
distinct percentage of the partitions in the cluster,you get a
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|
good estimate of the overall cluster health.
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|
</para>
|
|
<para>
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In practice, about 1% partition coverage seems to balance well
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|
between accuracy and the amount of time it takes to gather
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results. To provide this health value, you must create an account
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solely for this usage. Next, you must place the containers and
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|
objects throughout the system so that they are on distinct
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partitions. Use the <command>swift-dispersion-populate</command>
|
|
tool to create random container and object names until they fall
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on distinct partitions.
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|
</para>
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<para>
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|
Last, and repeatedly for the life of the cluster, you must run the
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<command>swift-dispersion-report</command> tool to check the
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health of each container and object.
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|
</para>
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|
<para>
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These tools must have direct access to the entire cluster and ring
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|
files. Installing them on a proxy server suffices.
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|
</para>
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|
<para>
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|
The <command>swift-dispersion-populate</command> and
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|
<command>swift-dispersion-report</command> commands both use the
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|
same <filename>/etc/swift/dispersion.conf</filename> configuration
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|
file. Example <filename>dispersion.conf</filename> file:
|
|
</para>
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|
<programlisting language="ini">
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|
[dispersion]
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auth_url = http://localhost:8080/auth/v1.0
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auth_user = test:tester
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auth_key = testing
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</programlisting>
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|
<para>
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|
You can use configuration options to specify the dispersion
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|
coverage, which defaults to 1%, retries, concurrency, and so on.
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|
However, the defaults are usually fine. After the configuration is
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in place, run the <command>swift-dispersion-populate</command>
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|
tool to populate the containers and objects throughout the
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|
cluster. Now that those containers and objects are in place, you
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can run the <command>swift-dispersion-report</command> tool to get
|
|
a dispersion report or view the overall health of the cluster.
|
|
Here is an example of a cluster in perfect health:
|
|
</para>
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<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>swift-dispersion-report</userinput>
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<computeroutput>Queried 2621 containers for dispersion reporting, 19s, 0 retries
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100.00% of container copies found (7863 of 7863)
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Sample represents 1.00% of the container partition space
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Queried 2619 objects for dispersion reporting, 7s, 0 retries
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100.00% of object copies found (7857 of 7857)
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Sample represents 1.00% of the object partition space
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</computeroutput></screen>
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<para>Now, deliberately double the weight of a device in the
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|
object ring (with replication turned off) and re-run the
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|
dispersion report to show what impact that has:</para>
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|
<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>swift-ring-builder object.builder set_weight d0 200</userinput>
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|
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>swift-ring-builder object.builder rebalance</userinput>
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|
...
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|
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>swift-dispersion-report</userinput>
|
|
<computeroutput>Queried 2621 containers for dispersion reporting, 8s, 0 retries
|
|
100.00% of container copies found (7863 of 7863)
|
|
Sample represents 1.00% of the container partition space
|
|
|
|
Queried 2619 objects for dispersion reporting, 7s, 0 retries
|
|
There were 1763 partitions missing one copy.
|
|
77.56% of object copies found (6094 of 7857)
|
|
Sample represents 1.00% of the object partition space
|
|
</computeroutput></screen>
|
|
<para>
|
|
You can see the health of the objects in the cluster has gone down
|
|
significantly. Of course, this test environment has just four
|
|
devices, in a production environment with many devices the impact
|
|
of one device change is much less. Next, run the replicators to
|
|
get everything put back into place and then rerun the dispersion
|
|
report:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
... start object replicators and monitor logs until they're caught up ...
|
|
$ swift-dispersion-report
|
|
Queried 2621 containers for dispersion reporting, 17s, 0 retries
|
|
100.00% of container copies found (7863 of 7863)
|
|
Sample represents 1.00% of the container partition space
|
|
|
|
Queried 2619 objects for dispersion reporting, 7s, 0 retries
|
|
100.00% of object copies found (7857 of 7857)
|
|
Sample represents 1.00% of the object partition space
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
<para>Alternatively, the dispersion report can also be output
|
|
in JSON format. This allows it to be more easily consumed
|
|
by third-party utilities:</para>
|
|
<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>swift-dispersion-report -j</userinput>
|
|
<computeroutput>{"object": {"retries:": 0, "missing_two": 0, "copies_found": 7863, "missing_one": 0,
|
|
"copies_expected": 7863, "pct_found": 100.0, "overlapping": 0, "missing_all": 0}, "container":
|
|
{"retries:": 0, "missing_two": 0, "copies_found": 12534, "missing_one": 0, "copies_expected":
|
|
12534, "pct_found": 100.0, "overlapping": 15, "missing_all": 0}}</computeroutput></screen>
|
|
<xi:include
|
|
href="../../common/tables/swift-dispersion-dispersion.xml"
|
|
/>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section xml:id="object-storage-slo">
|
|
<!-- Usage documented in http://docs.openstack.org/developer/swift/overview_large_objects.html -->
|
|
<title>Static Large Object (SLO) support</title>
|
|
<para>This feature is very similar to Dynamic Large Object
|
|
(DLO) support in that it enables the user to upload many
|
|
objects concurrently and afterwards download them as a
|
|
single object. It is different in that it does not rely on
|
|
eventually consistent container listings to do so.
|
|
Instead, a user-defined manifest of the object segments is
|
|
used.</para>
|
|
<xi:include
|
|
href="../../common/tables/swift-proxy-server-filter-slo.xml"
|
|
/>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section xml:id="object-storage-container-quotas">
|
|
<title>Container quotas</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The <code>container_quotas</code> middleware implements simple
|
|
quotas that can be imposed on Object Storage containers by a user
|
|
with the ability to set container metadata, most likely the
|
|
account administrator. This can be useful for limiting the scope
|
|
of containers that are delegated to non-admin users, exposed to
|
|
form &POST; uploads, or just as a self-imposed sanity check.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>Any object &PUT; operations that exceed these quotas
|
|
return a <literal>Forbidden (403)</literal> status code.</para>
|
|
<para>Quotas are subject to several limitations: eventual
|
|
consistency, the timeliness of the cached container_info
|
|
(60 second TTL by default), and it is unable to reject
|
|
chunked transfer uploads that exceed the quota (though
|
|
once the quota is exceeded, new chunked transfers are
|
|
refused).</para>
|
|
<para>Set quotas by adding meta values to the container. These
|
|
values are validated when you set them:</para>
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>X-Container-Meta-Quota-Bytes: Maximum size of
|
|
the container, in bytes.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>X-Container-Meta-Quota-Count: Maximum object
|
|
count of the container.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
<xi:include
|
|
href="../../common/tables/swift-proxy-server-filter-container-quotas.xml"
|
|
/>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section xml:id="object-storage-account-quotas">
|
|
<title>Account quotas</title>
|
|
<para>The <literal>x-account-meta-quota-bytes</literal>
|
|
metadata entry must be requests (PUT, POST) if a given
|
|
account quota (in bytes) is exceeded while DELETE requests
|
|
are still allowed.</para>
|
|
<para>The <literal>x-account-meta-quota-bytes</literal>
|
|
metadata entry must be
|
|
set to store and enable the quota. Write requests to this
|
|
metadata entry are only permitted for resellers. There is
|
|
no account quota limitation on a reseller account even if
|
|
<literal>x-account-meta-quota-bytes</literal> is set.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>Any object PUT operations that exceed the quota return a
|
|
413 response (request entity too large) with a descriptive
|
|
body.</para>
|
|
<para>The following command uses an admin account that own the
|
|
Reseller role to set a quota on the test account:</para>
|
|
<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>swift -A http://127.0.0.1:8080/auth/v1.0 -U admin:admin -K admin \
|
|
--os-storage-url http://127.0.0.1:8080/v1/AUTH_test post -m quota-bytes:10000</userinput></screen>
|
|
<para>Here is the stat listing of an account where quota has
|
|
been set:</para>
|
|
<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>swift -A http://127.0.0.1:8080/auth/v1.0 -U test:tester -K testing stat</userinput>
|
|
<computeroutput>Account: AUTH_test
|
|
Containers: 0
|
|
Objects: 0
|
|
Bytes: 0
|
|
Meta Quota-Bytes: 10000
|
|
X-Timestamp: 1374075958.37454
|
|
X-Trans-Id: tx602634cf478546a39b1be-0051e6bc7a</computeroutput></screen>
|
|
<para>This command removes the account quota:</para>
|
|
<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>swift -A http://127.0.0.1:8080/auth/v1.0 -U admin:admin -K admin --os-storage-url http://127.0.0.1:8080/v1/AUTH_test post -m quota-bytes:</userinput></screen>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section xml:id="object-storage-bulk-delete">
|
|
<title>Bulk delete</title>
|
|
<para>Use <code>bulk-delete</code> to delete multiple files
|
|
from an account
|
|
with a single request. Responds to DELETE requests with a
|
|
header 'X-Bulk-Delete: true_value'. The body of the DELETE
|
|
request is a new line-separated list of files to delete.
|
|
The files listed must be URL encoded and in the
|
|
form:</para>
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
/container_name/obj_name
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
<para>If all files are successfully deleted (or did not
|
|
exist), the operation returns <code>HTTPOk</code>. If any
|
|
files failed to delete, the operation returns
|
|
<code>HTTPBadGateway</code>. In both cases, the response body
|
|
is a JSON dictionary that shows the number of files that were
|
|
successfully deleted or not found. The files that failed are
|
|
listed.</para>
|
|
<xi:include
|
|
href="../../common/tables/swift-proxy-server-filter-bulk.xml"
|
|
/>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<xi:include href="section_configure_s3.xml"/>
|
|
<section xml:id="object-storage-drive-audit">
|
|
<title>Drive audit</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The <option>swift-drive-audit</option> configuration items
|
|
reference a script that can be run by using
|
|
<command>cron</command> to watch for bad drives. If errors are
|
|
detected, it unmounts the bad drive so that OpenStack Object
|
|
Storage can work around it. It takes the following options:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<xi:include
|
|
href="../../common/tables/swift-drive-audit-drive-audit.xml"
|
|
/>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section xml:id="object-storage-form-post">
|
|
<title>Form post</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Middleware that enables you to upload objects to a cluster by
|
|
using an HTML form &POST;.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The format of the form is:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<programlisting><![CDATA[
|
|
<form action="<swift-url>" method="POST"
|
|
enctype="multipart/form-data">
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="redirect" value="<redirect-url>" />
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="max_file_size" value="<bytes>" />
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="max_file_count" value="<count>" />
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="expires" value="<unix-timestamp>" />
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="signature" value="<hmac>" />
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="x_delete_at" value="<unix-timestamp>"/>
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="x_delete_after" value="<seconds>"/>
|
|
<input type="file" name="file1" /><br />
|
|
<input type="submit" />
|
|
</form>]]>
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
<para>
|
|
In the form:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<emphasis role="bold"><literal>action="<swift-url>"</literal></emphasis>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The URL to the Object Storage destination, such as
|
|
<uri>https://swift-cluster.example.com/v1/AUTH_account/container/object_prefix</uri>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The name of each uploaded file is appended to the specified
|
|
<literal>swift-url</literal>. So, you can upload directly to the root of
|
|
container with a URL like
|
|
<uri>https://swift-cluster.example.com/v1/AUTH_account/container/</uri>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Optionally, you can include an object prefix to
|
|
separate different users' uploads, such as
|
|
<uri>https://swift-cluster.example.com/v1/AUTH_account/container/object_prefix</uri>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<emphasis
|
|
role="bold"><literal>method="POST"</literal></emphasis></para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The form <literal>method</literal> must be &POST;.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<emphasis
|
|
role="bold"><literal>enctype="multipart/form-data</literal></emphasis></para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The <literal>enctype</literal> must be set to <literal>multipart/form-data</literal>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<emphasis
|
|
role="bold"><literal>name="redirect"</literal></emphasis></para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The URL to which to redirect the browser after the upload
|
|
completes. The URL has status and message query parameters
|
|
added to it that indicate the HTTP status code for the upload
|
|
and, optionally, additional error information. The 2<emphasis
|
|
role="italic">nn</emphasis> status code indicates success. If
|
|
an error occurs, the URL might include error information, such
|
|
as <literal>"max_file_size exceeded"</literal>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<emphasis
|
|
role="bold"><literal>name="max_file_size"</literal></emphasis></para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Required. The maximum number of bytes that can be uploaded in
|
|
a single file upload.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<emphasis
|
|
role="bold"><literal>name="max_file_count"</literal></emphasis></para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Required. The maximum number of files that can be uploaded
|
|
with the form.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<emphasis
|
|
role="bold"><literal>name="expires"</literal></emphasis>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The expiration date and time for the form in <link
|
|
xlink:href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time">UNIX
|
|
Epoch time stamp format</link>. After this date and time, the
|
|
form is no longer valid.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
For example, <code>1440619048</code> is equivalent to
|
|
<code>Mon, Wed, 26 Aug 2015 19:57:28 GMT</code>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<emphasis
|
|
role="bold"><literal>name="signature"</literal></emphasis>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The HMAC-SHA1 signature of the form. This sample Python code
|
|
shows how to compute the signature:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<programlisting language="python">import hmac
|
|
from hashlib import sha1
|
|
from time import time
|
|
path = '/v1/account/container/object_prefix'
|
|
redirect = 'https://myserver.com/some-page'
|
|
max_file_size = 104857600
|
|
max_file_count = 10
|
|
expires = int(time() + 600)
|
|
key = 'mykey'
|
|
hmac_body = '%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s' % (path, redirect,
|
|
max_file_size, max_file_count, expires)
|
|
signature = hmac.new(key, hmac_body, sha1).hexdigest()</programlisting>
|
|
<para>The key is the value of the
|
|
<literal>X-Account-Meta-Temp-URL-Key</literal> header
|
|
on the account.</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Use the full path from the <literal>/v1/</literal> value and
|
|
onward.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
During testing, you can use the
|
|
<command>swift-form-signature</command> command-line tool to compute the
|
|
<literal>expires</literal> and <literal>signature</literal>
|
|
values.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<emphasis
|
|
role="bold"><literal>name="x_delete_at"</literal></emphasis>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The date and time in <link
|
|
xlink:href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time">UNIX Epoch
|
|
time stamp format</link> when the object will be removed.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
For example, <code>1440619048</code> is equivalent to
|
|
<code>Mon, Wed, 26 Aug 2015 19:57:28 GMT</code>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
This attribute enables you to specify the <literal>X-Delete-
|
|
At</literal> header value in the form &POST;.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<emphasis
|
|
role="bold"><literal>name="x_delete_after"</literal></emphasis>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The number of seconds after which the object is removed.
|
|
Internally, the Object Storage system stores this value in the
|
|
<literal>X-Delete-At</literal> metadata item. This attribute
|
|
enables you to specify the <literal>X-Delete-After</literal>
|
|
header value in the form &POST;.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<emphasis role="bold"><literal>type="file" name="filexx"</literal></emphasis>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Optional. One or more files to upload. Must appear after the other
|
|
attributes to be processed correctly. If attributes come after the
|
|
<literal>file</literal> attribute, they are not sent with the sub-
|
|
request because on the server side, all attributes in the file
|
|
cannot be parsed unless the whole file is read into memory and the
|
|
server does not have enough memory to service these requests. So,
|
|
attributes that follow the <literal>file</literal> attribute are
|
|
ignored.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
<xi:include href="../../common/tables/swift-proxy-server-filter-formpost.xml"/>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<section xml:id="object-storage-static-web">
|
|
<title>Static web sites</title>
|
|
<para>When configured, this middleware serves container data
|
|
as a static web site with index file and error file
|
|
resolution and optional file listings. This mode is
|
|
normally only active for anonymous requests.</para>
|
|
<xi:include
|
|
href="../../common/tables/swift-proxy-server-filter-staticweb.xml"
|
|
/>
|
|
</section>
|
|
<xi:include href="section_object-storage-cors.xml"/>
|
|
<xi:include href="section_object-storage-listendpoints.xml"/>
|
|
</section>
|