diff --git a/doc/source/conf.py b/doc/source/conf.py
index 3ee292fb..6340192d 100755
--- a/doc/source/conf.py
+++ b/doc/source/conf.py
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ source_suffix = '.rst'
 master_doc = 'index'
 
 # General information about the project.
-project = u'os-ken'
-copyright = u'2018, OpenStack Developers'
+project = 'os-ken'
+copyright = '2018, OpenStack Developers'
 
 # openstackdocstheme options
 openstackdocs_repo_name = 'openstack/os-ken'
@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ htmlhelp_basename = '%sdoc' % project
 latex_documents = [
     ('index',
      'doc-%s.tex' % project,
-     u'%s Documentation' % project,
-     u'OpenStack Developers', 'manual'),
+     '%s Documentation' % project,
+     'OpenStack Developers', 'manual'),
 ]
 
 latex_use_xindy = False
diff --git a/os_ken/services/protocols/bgp/bmp.py b/os_ken/services/protocols/bgp/bmp.py
index ac9b1dde..0e46c33b 100644
--- a/os_ken/services/protocols/bgp/bmp.py
+++ b/os_ken/services/protocols/bgp/bmp.py
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ class BMPClient(Activity):
         self._socket = socket
         # send init message
         init_info = {'type': bmp.BMP_INIT_TYPE_STRING,
-                     'value': u'This is OSKen BGP BMP message'}
+                     'value': 'This is OSKen BGP BMP message'}
         init_msg = bmp.BMPInitiation([init_info])
         self._send(init_msg)
 
diff --git a/os_ken/tests/unit/packet/test_bmp.py b/os_ken/tests/unit/packet/test_bmp.py
index cad95cbd..a005dcc8 100644
--- a/os_ken/tests/unit/packet/test_bmp.py
+++ b/os_ken/tests/unit/packet/test_bmp.py
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class Test_bmp(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_initiation(self):
         initiation_info = [{'type': bmp.BMP_INIT_TYPE_STRING,
-                            'value': u'This is OSKen BGP BMP message'}]
+                            'value': 'This is OSKen BGP BMP message'}]
         msg = bmp.BMPInitiation(info=initiation_info)
         binmsg = msg.serialize()
         msg2, rest = bmp.BMPMessage.parser(binmsg)
diff --git a/releasenotes/source/conf.py b/releasenotes/source/conf.py
index 8f1840f9..e70c3b99 100644
--- a/releasenotes/source/conf.py
+++ b/releasenotes/source/conf.py
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ source_suffix = '.rst'
 master_doc = 'index'
 
 # General information about the project.
-project = u'os_ken Release Notes'
-copyright = u'2018, OpenStack Developers'
+project = 'os_ken Release Notes'
+copyright = '2018, OpenStack Developers'
 
 # openstackdocstheme options
 openstackdocs_repo_name = 'openstack/os-ken'
@@ -213,8 +213,8 @@ latex_elements = {
 #  author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]).
 latex_documents = [
     ('index', 'os_kenReleaseNotes.tex',
-     u'os_ken  Release Notes Documentation',
-     u'OpenStack Foundation', 'manual'),
+     'os_ken  Release Notes Documentation',
+     'OpenStack Foundation', 'manual'),
 ]
 
 # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
@@ -244,8 +244,8 @@ latex_documents = [
 # (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
 man_pages = [
     ('index', 'os_kenrereleasenotes',
-     u'os_ken  Release Notes Documentation',
-     [u'OpenStack Foundation'], 1)
+     'os_ken  Release Notes Documentation',
+     ['OpenStack Foundation'], 1)
 ]
 
 # If true, show URL addresses after external links.
@@ -259,8 +259,8 @@ man_pages = [
 #  dir menu entry, description, category)
 texinfo_documents = [
     ('index', 'os_ken ReleaseNotes',
-     u'os_ken Release Notes Documentation',
-     u'OpenStack Foundation', 'os_kenReleaseNotes',
+     'os_ken Release Notes Documentation',
+     'OpenStack Foundation', 'os_kenReleaseNotes',
      'One line description of project.',
      'Miscellaneous'),
 ]