Import Vulnerability Management article from wiki
Change-Id: I71a85e59bf56a822620b7eb052a8180698dce875
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Jeremy Stanley
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OpenStack Security
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====================
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.. toctree::
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:hidden:
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vmt-process
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Security is a fundamental goal of the OpenStack architecture and needs to
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be addressed at all layers of the stack. Like any complex, evolving system
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security has to be vigilantly pursued, and exposures eliminated. We need
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@ -74,12 +80,7 @@ Specifically, we are responsible for the following functions:
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community, the Team will ensure that proper credit is given to security
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researchers who responsibly report issues in OpenStack.
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.. seealso::
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See the Vulnerability_Management_ page in the wiki for details on our
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open process.
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.. _Vulnerability_Management: https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Vulnerability_Management
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See :doc:`vmt-process` for details on our open process.
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Other Security Teams in OpenStack
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---------------------------------
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.. :Copyright: 2015, OpenStack Vulnerability Management Team
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.. :License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
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Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode
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==================================
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Vulnerability Management Process
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==================================
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The OpenStack vulnerability management team (VMT_) is responsible
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for coordinating the progressive disclosure of a vulnerability.
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Members of the team are independent and security-minded folks who
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ensure that vulnerabilities are dealt with in a timely manner and
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that downstream stakeholders are notified in a coordinated and fair
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manner. Where a member of the team is employed by a downstream
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stakeholder, the member does not give their employer prior notice of
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any vulnerabilities. In order to reduce the disclosure of
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vulnerability in the early stages, membership of this team is
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intentionally limited to a small number of people.
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.. _VMT: https://launchpad.net/~openstack-vuln-mgmt
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Supported versions
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------------------
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The Vulnerability Management team coordinates patches fixing
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vulnerabilities in one or two previous releases of OpenStack, in
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addition to the master branch (next version under development), for
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all `security supported projects`_.
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.. _security supported projects: https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Security_supported_projects
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Process
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-------
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Each security bug is assigned a VMT *coordinator* (member from the
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vulnerability management team) that will drive the fixing and
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disclosure process. Here are the steps we follow.
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.. image:: vmt-process.png
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:width: 100 %
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:alt: VMT Process
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:target: _images/vmt-process.png
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Reception
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^^^^^^^^^
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A report can be received either as a private encrypted email to one
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of the VMT members, or as a Launchpad security bug (check the box
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marked "this is a security issue"). Reports received in private
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should have their bug description prefaced by an embargo reminder
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which can be removed once the bug is switched to a public state.
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The first steps are to confirm the validity of the report, create a
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Launchpad bug if necessary, add an ossa bugtask and subscribe the
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project's core security review team or `Vulnerability Management
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Liaison`_ for confirmation of impact and determination of
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affected branches. Reports starting with an "Incomplete" ossa
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bugtask should have a corresponding incomplete reception message
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added in a comment. Once we confirm that we will issue an OSSA for
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it, switch the ossa bugtask status to *Confirmed*. If the need for
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an OSSA is challenged, the ossa bugtask status should be set to
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*Incomplete* until that question is resolved.
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.. _Vulnerability Management Liaison: https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/CrossProjectLiaisons#Vulnerability_management
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Patch Development
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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The reporter, or the PTL, or any person that the PTL deems necessary
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to develop the fix is added to the security bug subscription list. A
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fix is proposed as a patch to the current master branch (as well as
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any affected supported branches) and attached to the bug.
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Patch Review
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^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Once the initial patch has been posted, core developers of the
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project are added to the bug subscription list so that the proposed
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patch can be pre-approved for merging. Patches need to be
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pre-approved so that they can be fast-tracked through review at
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disclosure time.
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Draft Impact Description
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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In the mean time, the VMT coordinator prepares a vulnerability
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description that will be communicated to downstream stakeholders,
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and will serve as the basis for the Security Advisory that will be
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finally published.
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The description should properly credit the reporter, specify
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affected versions (including unsupported ones) and accurately
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describe impact and mitigation mechanisms. The VMT coordinator
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should use the template below. Once the description is posted, the
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ossa bugtask status should be switched to *Triaged*.
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Review Impact Description
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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The description is validated by the reporter and the PTL.
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CVE Assignment
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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To ensure full traceability, we get a CVE assigned before the issue
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is communicated to a larger public. This is generally done as the
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patch gets nearer to final approval. The ossa bugtask status is set
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to *In progress* and the approved description is sent to a CNA in
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an encrypted+signed email in order to get a CVE assigned. If the
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issue is already public, the CVE request should be sent to the
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oss-security list instead, including links to public bugs.
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Get Assigned CVE
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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The CNA returns the assigned CVE. It is added to the Launchpad bug
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(see "link to CVE" at the top-right), and the bug is retitled to
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"$TITLE ($CVE)".
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Embargoed Disclosure
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Once the patches are approved and the CVE is assigned, a signed
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email with the vulnerability description is sent to the downstream
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stakeholders. The disclosure date is set to 3-5 business days,
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excluding Monday/Friday and holiday periods, at 1500 UTC. No
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stakeholder is supposed to deploy public patches before disclosure
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date.
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Once the email is sent, the ossa bugtask status should be set to
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*Fix committed*. At that point we can also add downstream
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stakeholders to the Launchpad bug, if they use Launchpad for
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security patches. This means adding ~canonical-security to the bug
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subscribers.
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For non-embargoed, public vulnerabilities no separate downstream
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advance notification is sent. Instead the OSSA bugtask is set to fix
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committed status once the CVE assignment is received OSSA is
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drafting begins immediately.
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Open Bug, Push Patches
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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In preparation for this, make sure you have a core developer and a
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stable maintainer available to help pushing the fix at disclosure
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time.
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On the disclosure hour, push patches to Gerrit for review on master
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and supported stable branches, open bug, fast-track approvals
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(referencing the bug).
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Publish OSSA
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^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Shortly after pushing the patches (potentially waiting for the first
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test runs to complete), publish the advisory to the OpenStack ML.
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Wait until all patches merged to supported branches before setting
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the ossa bugtask status to *Fix released*.
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Incident Report Taxonomy
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------------------------
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The VMT is now using this classification list in order to assist
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vulnerability report triage, especially whenever a bug does not
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warrant an advisory.
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+----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
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| Classes | Outcome | Description |
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+==========+===========+===========================================+
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| Class A | OSSA | A vulnerability to be fixed in master and |
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| | | all supported releases |
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+----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
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| Class B1 | OSSN | A vulnerability that can only be fixed in |
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| | | master, security note for stable |
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| | | branches, e.g., default config value is |
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| | | insecure |
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+----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
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| Class B2 | OSSN | A vulnerability without a complete fix |
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| | | yet, security note for all versions, |
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| | | e.g., poor architecture / design |
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+----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
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| Class C1 | Potential | Not considered a practical vulnerability |
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| | OSSN | (but some people might assign a CVE for |
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| | | it) |
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+----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
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| Class C2 | Potential | A vulnerability, but not in OpenStack |
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| | OSSN | supported code, e.g., in a dependency |
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+----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
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| Class D | Potential | Not a vulnerability, just a bug with |
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| | OSSN | (some) security implications, e.g., |
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| | | strengthening opportunities |
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+----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
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| Class E | | Not a vulnerability at all |
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+----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
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| Class Y | | Vulnerability only found in development |
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| | | release |
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+----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
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| Class Z | | When due process fails |
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+----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
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Extent of Disclosure
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--------------------
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The science of vulnerability management is somewhere around being
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able to assess impact and severity of a report, being able to design
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security patches, being an obsessive process-following perfectionist
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and respecting the rule of lesser disclosure.
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Lesser disclosure is about disclosing the vulnerability details to
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an increasing number of people over time, but only to the people
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that are necessary to reach the next step. The diagram above shows
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"disclosure extent" across the various steps of the process.
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Vulnerability reporters retain final control over the disclosure of
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their findings. If for some reason they are uncomfortable with our
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process, their choice of disclosure terms prevails.
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Downstream Stakeholders
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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OpenStack as an upstream project is used in a number of
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distributions, products, private and public service offerings that
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are negatively affected by vulnerabilities. In the spirit of
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responsible disclosure, this ecosystem, collectively known as the
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downstream stakeholders, needs to be warned in advance to be able to
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prepare patches and roll them out in a coordinated fashion on
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disclosure day. The embargo period is kept voluntarily small (3-5
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business days), as a middle ground between keeping the vulnerability
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under cover for too long and not giving a chance to downstream
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stakeholders to react.
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If you're currently not a referenced stakeholder and think you
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should definitely be included on that email distribution list,
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please submit an email with a rationale to member(s) of the VMT_.
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Templates
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---------
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Reception Incomplete Message (Unconfirmed Issues)
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Since this report concerns a possible security risk, an incomplete
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security advisory task has been added while the core security
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reviewers for the affected project or projects confirm the bug and
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discuss the scope of any vulnerability along with potential
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solutions.
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Reception Embargo Reminder (Private Issues)
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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This issue is being treated as a potential security risk under
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embargo. Please do not make any public mention of embargoed
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(private) security vulnerabilities before their coordinated
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publication by the OpenStack Vulnerability Management Team in the
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form of an official OpenStack Security Advisory. This includes
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discussion of the bug or associated fixes in public forums such as
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mailing lists, code review systems and bug trackers. Please also
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avoid private disclosure to other individuals not already approved
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for access to this information, and provide this same reminder to
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those who are made aware of the issue prior to publication. All
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discussion should remain confined to this private bug report, and
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any proposed fixes should be added as to the bug as attachments.
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Impact Description ($DESCRIPTION)
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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::
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Title: $TITLE
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Reporter: $CREDIT
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Products: $PROJECT
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Affects: $AFFECTED_VERSIONS
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Description:
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$CREDIT reported a vulnerability in... By doing... a... may...
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resulting in... Only setups.... are affected.
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The AFFECTED_VERSIONS should read like this, while both grizzly and
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havana still will have point releases:
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::
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Affects: 2011.2 versions through 2013.1.2, and 2013.2 versions through 2013.2.1
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Once the last Grizzly point release is released, that line becomes:
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::
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Affects: 2011.2 versions through 2013.2.1
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If the oldest version affected is not easily identified, leave it
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open-ended:
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::
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Affects: versions through 2013.2.1
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CVE Request Email (Private Issues)
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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* *To:* CNA
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* *Subject:* CVE request for vulnerability in OpenStack $PROJECT
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::
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A vulnerability was discovered in OpenStack (see below). In order to
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ensure full traceability, we need a CVE number assigned that we can
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attach to private and public notifications. Please treat the
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following information as confidential until further public
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disclosure.
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$DESCRIPTION
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Thanks in advance,
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--
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$VMT_COORDINATOR_NAME
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OpenStack Vulnerability Management Team
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Email must be GPG-signed and GPG-encrypted.
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CVE Request Email (Public Issues)
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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* *To:* oss-security@lists.openwall.com
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* *Cc:* cve-assign@mitre.org
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* *Subject:* CVE request for vulnerability in OpenStack $PROJECT
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::
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A vulnerability was discovered in OpenStack (see below). In order to
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ensure full traceability, we need a CVE number assigned that we can
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attach to further notifications. This issue is already public, although an
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advisory was not sent yet.
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$DESCRIPTION
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References:
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https://launchpad.net/bugs/$BUG
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Thanks in advance,
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--
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$VMT_COORDINATOR_NAME
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OpenStack Vulnerability Management Team
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Email must be GPG-signed but not encrypted.
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Downstream Stakeholders Notification Email (Private Issues)
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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* *To:* Downstream stakeholders
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* *Subject:* [pre-OSSA] Vulnerability in OpenStack $PROJECT ($CVE)
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::
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This is an advance warning of a vulnerability discovered in OpenStack,
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to give you, as downstream stakeholders, a chance to coordinate the
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release of fixes and reduce the vulnerability window. Please treat the
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following information as confidential until the proposed public
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disclosure date.
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$DESCRIPTION
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Proposed patch:
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See attached patches. Unless a flaw is discovered in them, these patches
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will be merged to $BRANCHES on the public disclosure date.
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CVE: $CVE
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Proposed public disclosure date/time:
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$DISCLOSURE, 1500UTC
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Please do not make the issue public (or release public patches) before
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this coordinated embargo date.
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Regards,
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--
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$VMT_COORDINATOR_NAME
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OpenStack Vulnerability Management Team
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Proposed patches are attached, email must be GPG-signed. Use
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something unique and descriptive for the patch attachment file
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names, for example ``cve-2013-4183-master-havana.patch`` or
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``cve-2013-4183-stable-grizzly.patch``.
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OpenStack Security Advisories
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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We send two separate emails, to avoid off-topic replies to
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oss-security list:
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* *To:* openstack-announce@lists.openstack.org, openstack@lists.openstack.org
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* *To:* oss-security@lists.openwall.com
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Subject and content for both emails is identical:
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* *Subject:* [OSSA $NUM] $TITLE ($CVE)
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::
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OpenStack Security Advisory: $NUM
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CVE: $CVE
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Date: December 13, 2011
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$DESCRIPTION
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Havana (development branch) fix:
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https://review.openstack.org/$MASTER_REVIEW
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Grizzly fix:
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https://review.openstack.org/$STABLE_REVIEW
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Notes:
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This fix will be included in the $MILESTONE development milestone and in
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a future $NEXTSTABLE release.
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References:
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http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=$CVE
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https://launchpad.net/bugs/$BUG
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--
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$VMT_COORDINATOR_NAME
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OpenStack Vulnerability Management Team
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* Email must be GPG-signed.
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* $CVE must always be of the form CVE-YYYY-XXXX
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* $NUM is of the form YYYY-XX
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