==============================================================
Instructions for a Multiple Server Swift Installation (Ubuntu)
==============================================================
Prerequisites
-------------
* Ubuntu Server 10.04 LTS installation media
.. note:
Swift can run with other distros, but for this document we will focus
on installing on Ubuntu Server, ypmv (your packaging may vary).
Basic architecture and terms
----------------------------
- *node* - a host machine running one or more Swift services
- *Proxy node* - node that runs Proxy services
- *Auth node* - node that runs the Auth service
- *Storage node* - node that runs Account, Container, and Object services
- *ring* - a set of mappings of Swift data to physical devices
This document shows a cluster using the following types of nodes:
- one Proxy node
- Runs the swift-proxy-server processes which proxy requests to the
appropriate Storage nodes.
- one Auth node
- Runs the swift-auth-server which controls authentication and
authorization for all requests. This can be on the same node as a
Proxy node.
- five Storage nodes
- Runs the swift-account-server, swift-container-server, and
swift-object-server processes which control storage of the account
databases, the container databases, as well as the actual stored
objects.
.. note::
Fewer Storage nodes can be used initially, but a minimum of 5 is
recommended for a production cluster.
This document describes each Storage node as a separate zone in the ring.
It is recommended to have a minimum of 5 zones. A zone is a group of nodes
that is as isolated as possible from other nodes (separate servers, network,
power, even geography). The ring guarantees that every replica is stored
in a separate zone. For more information about the ring and zones, see: :doc:`The Rings <overview_ring>`.
Network Setup Notes
-------------------
This document refers to two networks. An external network for connecting to the Proxy server, and a storage network that is not accessibile from outside the cluster, to which all of the nodes are connected. All of the Swift services, as well as the rsync daemon on the Storage nodes are configured to listen on their STORAGE_LOCAL_NET IP addresses.
General OS configuration and partitioning for each node
-------------------------------------------------------
#. Install the baseline Ubuntu Server 10.04 LTS on all nodes.
#. Install common Swift software prereqs::
apt-get install python-software-properties
add-apt-repository ppa:swift-core/ppa
apt-get update
apt-get install swift openssh-server
#. Create and populate configuration directories::
mkdir -p /etc/swift
chown -R swift:swift /etc/swift/
#. Create /etc/swift/swift.conf::
[swift-hash]
# random unique string that can never change (DO NOT LOSE)
swift_hash_path_suffix = changeme
.. note::
/etc/swift/swift.conf should be set to some random string of text to be
used as a salt when hashing to determine mappings in the ring. This
file should be the same on every node in the cluster!
Configure the Proxy node
------------------------
.. note::
It is assumed that all commands are run as the root user
#. Install swift-proxy service::
apt-get install swift-proxy memcached
#. Create self-signed cert for SSL::
cd /etc/swift
openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -out cert.crt -keyout cert.key
#. Modify memcached to listen on the default interfaces. Preferably this should be on a local, non-public network. Edit the following line in /etc/memcached.conf, changing::
-l 127.0.0.1
to
-l <PROXY_LOCAL_NET_IP>
#. Restart the memcached server::
service memcached restart
#. Create /etc/swift/proxy-server.conf::
[DEFAULT]
cert_file = /etc/swift/cert.crt
key_file = /etc/swift/cert.key
bind_port = 8080
workers = 8
user = swift
[pipeline:main]
pipeline = healthcheck cache auth proxy-server
[app:proxy-server]
use = egg:swift#proxy
[filter:auth]
use = egg:swift#auth
ssl = true
[filter:healthcheck]
use = egg:swift#healthcheck
[filter:cache]
use = egg:swift#memcache
memcache_servers = <PROXY_LOCAL_NET_IP>:11211
.. note::
If you run multiple memcache servers, put the multiple IP:port listings
in the [filter:cache] section of the proxy-server.conf file like:
`10.1.2.3:11211,10.1.2.4:11211`. Only the proxy server uses memcache.
#. Create the account, container and object rings::
cd /etc/swift
swift-ring-builder account.builder create 18 3 1
swift-ring-builder container.builder create 18 3 1
swift-ring-builder object.builder create 18 3 1
.. note::
For more information on building rings, see :doc:`overview_ring`.
#. For every storage device on each node add entries to each ring::
swift-ring-builder account.builder add z<ZONE>-<STORAGE_LOCAL_NET_IP>:6002/<DEVICE> 100
swift-ring-builder container.builder add z<ZONE>-<STORAGE_LOCAL_NET_IP_1>:6001/<DEVICE> 100
swift-ring-builder object.builder add z<ZONE>-<STORAGE_LOCAL_NET_IP_1>:6000/<DEVICE> 100
.. note::
Assuming there are 5 zones with 1 node per zone, ZONE should start at
1 and increment by one for each additional node.
#. Verify the ring contents for each ring::
swift-ring-builder account.builder
swift-ring-builder container.builder
swift-ring-builder object.builder
#. Rebalance the rings::
swift-ring-builder account.builder rebalance
swift-ring-builder container.builder rebalance
swift-ring-builder object.builder rebalance
.. note::
Rebalancing rings can take some time.
#. Copy the account.ring.gz, container.ring.gz, and object.ring.gz files
to each of the Proxy and Storage nodes in /etc/swift.
#. Make sure all the config files are owned by the swift user::
chown -R swift:swift /etc/swift
#. Start Proxy services::
swift-init proxy start
Configure the Auth node
-----------------------
#. If this node is not running on the same node as a proxy, create a
self-signed cert as you did for the Proxy node
#. Install swift-auth service::
apt-get install swift-auth
#. Create /etc/swift/auth-server.conf::
[DEFAULT]
cert_file = /etc/swift/cert.crt
key_file = /etc/swift/cert.key
user = swift
[pipeline:main]
pipeline = auth-server
[app:auth-server]
use = egg:swift#auth
default_cluster_url = https://<PROXY_HOSTNAME>:8080/v1
# Highly recommended to change this key to something else!
super_admin_key = devauth
#. Start Auth services::
swift-init auth start
chown swift:swift /etc/swift/auth.db
swift-init auth restart # 1.1.0 workaround because swift creates auth.db owned as root
Configure the Storage nodes
---------------------------
.. note::
Swift *should* work on any modern filesystem that supports
Extended Attributes (XATTRS). We currently recommend XFS as it
demonstrated the best overall performance for the swift use case after
considerable testing and benchmarking at Rackspace. It is also the
only filesystem that has been thoroughly tested.
#. Install Storage node packages::
apt-get install swift-account swift-container swift-object xfsprogs
#. For every device on the node, setup the XFS volume (/dev/sdb is used
as an example)::
fdisk /dev/sdb (set up a single partition)
mkfs.xfs -i size=1024 /dev/sdb1
echo "/dev/sdb1 /srv/node/sdb1 xfs noatime,nodiratime,nobarrier,logbufs=8 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
mkdir -p /srv/node/sdb1
mount /srv/node/sdb1
chown -R swift:swift /srv/node
#. Create /etc/rsyncd.conf::
uid = swift
gid = swift
log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log
pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid
address = <STORAGE_LOCAL_NET_IP>
[account]
max connections = 2
path = /srv/node/
read only = false
lock file = /var/lock/account.lock
[container]
max connections = 2
path = /srv/node/
read only = false
lock file = /var/lock/container.lock
[object]
max connections = 2
path = /srv/node/
read only = false
lock file = /var/lock/object.lock
#. Edit the following line in /etc/default/rsync::
RSYNC_ENABLE=true
#. Start rsync daemon::
service rsync start
.. note::
The rsync daemon requires no authentication, so it should be run on
a local, private network.
#. Create /etc/swift/account-server.conf::
[DEFAULT]
bind_ip = <STORAGE_LOCAL_NET_IP>
workers = 2
[pipeline:main]
pipeline = account-server
[app:account-server]
use = egg:swift#account
[account-replicator]
[account-auditor]
[account-reaper]
#. Create /etc/swift/container-server.conf::
[DEFAULT]
bind_ip = <STORAGE_LOCAL_NET_IP>
workers = 2
[pipeline:main]
pipeline = container-server
[app:container-server]
use = egg:swift#container
[container-replicator]
[container-updater]
[container-auditor]
#. Create /etc/swift/object-server.conf::
[DEFAULT]
bind_ip = <STORAGE_LOCAL_NET_IP>
workers = 2
[pipeline:main]
pipeline = object-server
[app:object-server]
use = egg:swift#object
[object-replicator]
[object-updater]
[object-auditor]
#. Start the storage services::
swift-init object-server start
swift-init object-replicator start
swift-init object-updater start
swift-init object-auditor start
swift-init container-server start
swift-init container-replicator start
swift-init container-updater start
swift-init container-auditor start
swift-init account-server start
swift-init account-replicator start
swift-init account-auditor start
Create Swift admin account and test (run commands from Auth node)
-----------------------------------------------------------------
#. Create a user with administrative priviledges (account = system,
username = root, password = testpass). Make sure to replace
``devauth`` with whatever super_admin key you assigned in the
auth-server.conf file above. *Note: None of the values of
account, username, or password are special - they can be anything.*::
swift-auth-add-user -K devauth -a system root testpass
#. Get an X-Storage-Url and X-Auth-Token::
curl -k -v -H 'X-Storage-User: system:root' -H 'X-Storage-Pass: testpass' https://<AUTH_HOSTNAME>:11000/v1.0
#. Check that you can HEAD the account::
curl -k -v -H 'X-Auth-Token: <token-from-x-auth-token-above>' <url-from-x-storage-url-above>
#. Check that ``st`` works::
st -A https://<AUTH_HOSTNAME>:11000/v1.0 -U system:root -K testpass stat
#. Use ``st`` to upload a few files named 'bigfile[1-2].tgz' to a container named 'myfiles'::
st -A https://<AUTH_HOSTNAME>:11000/v1.0 -U system:root -K testpass upload myfiles bigfile1.tgz
st -A https://<AUTH_HOSTNAME>:11000/v1.0 -U system:root -K testpass upload myfiles bigfile2.tgz
#. Use ``st`` to download all files from the 'myfiles' container::
st -A https://<AUTH_HOSTNAME>:11000/v1.0 -U system:root -K testpass download myfiles
Troubleshooting Notes
---------------------
If you see problems, look in var/log/syslog (or messages on some distros).
Also, at Rackspace we have seen hints at drive failures by looking at error messages in /var/log/kern.log.
There are more debugging hints and tips in the :doc:`admin_guide`.