# Copyright (c) 2010-2012 OpenStack Foundation
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
# implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""
Implementation of WSGI Request and Response objects.
This library has a very similar API to Webob. It wraps WSGI request
environments and response values into objects that are more friendly to
interact with.
Why Swob and not just use WebOb?
By Michael Barton
We used webob for years. The main problem was that the interface
wasn't stable. For a while, each of our several test suites required
a slightly different version of webob to run, and none of them worked
with the then-current version. It was a huge headache, so we just
scrapped it.
This is kind of a ton of code, but it's also been a huge relief to
not have to scramble to add a bunch of code branches all over the
place to keep Swift working every time webob decides some interface
needs to change.
"""
from collections import defaultdict
from cStringIO import StringIO
import UserDict
import time
from functools import partial
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, tzinfo
from email.utils import parsedate
import urlparse
import urllib2
import re
import random
import functools
import inspect
from swift.common.utils import reiterate, split_path
RESPONSE_REASONS = {
100: ('Continue', ''),
200: ('OK', ''),
201: ('Created', ''),
202: ('Accepted', 'The request is accepted for processing.'),
204: ('No Content', ''),
206: ('Partial Content', ''),
301: ('Moved Permanently', 'The resource has moved permanently.'),
302: ('Found', 'The resource has moved temporarily.'),
303: ('See Other', 'The response to the request can be found under a '
'different URI.'),
304: ('Not Modified', ''),
307: ('Temporary Redirect', 'The resource has moved temporarily.'),
400: ('Bad Request', 'The server could not comply with the request since '
'it is either malformed or otherwise incorrect.'),
401: ('Unauthorized', 'This server could not verify that you are '
'authorized to access the document you requested.'),
402: ('Payment Required', 'Access was denied for financial reasons.'),
403: ('Forbidden', 'Access was denied to this resource.'),
404: ('Not Found', 'The resource could not be found.'),
405: ('Method Not Allowed', 'The method is not allowed for this '
'resource.'),
406: ('Not Acceptable', 'The resource is not available in a format '
'acceptable to your browser.'),
408: ('Request Timeout', 'The server has waited too long for the request '
'to be sent by the client.'),
409: ('Conflict', 'There was a conflict when trying to complete '
'your request.'),
410: ('Gone', 'This resource is no longer available.'),
411: ('Length Required', 'Content-Length header required.'),
412: ('Precondition Failed', 'A precondition for this request was not '
'met.'),
413: ('Request Entity Too Large', 'The body of your request was too '
'large for this server.'),
414: ('Request URI Too Long', 'The request URI was too long for this '
'server.'),
415: ('Unsupported Media Type', 'The request media type is not '
'supported by this server.'),
416: ('Requested Range Not Satisfiable', 'The Range requested is not '
'available.'),
417: ('Expectation Failed', 'Expectation failed.'),
422: ('Unprocessable Entity', 'Unable to process the contained '
'instructions'),
499: ('Client Disconnect', 'The client was disconnected during request.'),
500: ('Internal Error', 'The server has either erred or is incapable of '
'performing the requested operation.'),
501: ('Not Implemented', 'The requested method is not implemented by '
'this server.'),
502: ('Bad Gateway', 'Bad gateway.'),
503: ('Service Unavailable', 'The server is currently unavailable. '
'Please try again at a later time.'),
504: ('Gateway Timeout', 'A timeout has occurred speaking to a '
'backend server.'),
507: ('Insufficient Storage', 'There was not enough space to save the '
'resource. Drive: %(drive)s'),
}
class _UTC(tzinfo):
"""
A tzinfo class for datetime objects that returns a 0 timedelta (UTC time)
"""
def dst(self, dt):
return timedelta(0)
utcoffset = dst
def tzname(self, dt):
return 'UTC'
UTC = _UTC()
def _datetime_property(header):
"""
Set and retrieve the datetime value of self.headers[header]
(Used by both request and response)
The header is parsed on retrieval and a datetime object is returned.
The header can be set using a datetime, numeric value, or str.
If a value of None is given, the header is deleted.
:param header: name of the header, e.g. "Content-Length"
"""
def getter(self):
value = self.headers.get(header, None)
if value is not None:
try:
parts = parsedate(self.headers[header])[:7]
date = datetime(*(parts + (UTC,)))
except Exception:
return None
if date.year < 1970:
raise ValueError('Somehow an invalid year')
return date
def setter(self, value):
if isinstance(value, (float, int, long)):
self.headers[header] = time.strftime(
"%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT", time.gmtime(value))
elif isinstance(value, datetime):
self.headers[header] = value.strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT")
else:
self.headers[header] = value
return property(getter, setter,
doc=("Retrieve and set the %s header as a datetime, "
"set it with a datetime, int, or str") % header)
def _header_property(header):
"""
Set and retrieve the value of self.headers[header]
(Used by both request and response)
If a value of None is given, the header is deleted.
:param header: name of the header, e.g. "Transfer-Encoding"
"""
def getter(self):
return self.headers.get(header, None)
def setter(self, value):
self.headers[header] = value
return property(getter, setter,
doc="Retrieve and set the %s header" % header)
def _header_int_property(header):
"""
Set and retrieve the value of self.headers[header]
(Used by both request and response)
On retrieval, it converts values to integers.
If a value of None is given, the header is deleted.
:param header: name of the header, e.g. "Content-Length"
"""
def getter(self):
val = self.headers.get(header, None)
if val is not None:
val = int(val)
return val
def setter(self, value):
self.headers[header] = value
return property(getter, setter,
doc="Retrieve and set the %s header as an int" % header)
class HeaderEnvironProxy(UserDict.DictMixin):
"""
A dict-like object that proxies requests to a wsgi environ,
rewriting header keys to environ keys.
For example, headers['Content-Range'] sets and gets the value of
headers.environ['HTTP_CONTENT_RANGE']
"""
def __init__(self, environ):
self.environ = environ
def _normalize(self, key):
key = 'HTTP_' + key.replace('-', '_').upper()
if key == 'HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH':
return 'CONTENT_LENGTH'
if key == 'HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE':
return 'CONTENT_TYPE'
return key
def __getitem__(self, key):
return self.environ[self._normalize(key)]
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
if value is None:
self.environ.pop(self._normalize(key), None)
elif isinstance(value, unicode):
self.environ[self._normalize(key)] = value.encode('utf-8')
else:
self.environ[self._normalize(key)] = str(value)
def __contains__(self, key):
return self._normalize(key) in self.environ
def __delitem__(self, key):
del self.environ[self._normalize(key)]
def keys(self):
keys = [key[5:].replace('_', '-').title()
for key in self.environ if key.startswith('HTTP_')]
if 'CONTENT_LENGTH' in self.environ:
keys.append('Content-Length')
if 'CONTENT_TYPE' in self.environ:
keys.append('Content-Type')
return keys
class HeaderKeyDict(dict):
"""
A dict that title-cases all keys on the way in, so as to be
case-insensitive.
"""
def __init__(self, base_headers=None, **kwargs):
if base_headers:
self.update(base_headers)
self.update(kwargs)
def update(self, other):
if hasattr(other, 'keys'):
for key in other.keys():
self[key.title()] = other[key]
else:
for key, value in other:
self[key.title()] = value
def __getitem__(self, key):
return dict.get(self, key.title())
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
if value is None:
self.pop(key.title(), None)
elif isinstance(value, unicode):
return dict.__setitem__(self, key.title(), value.encode('utf-8'))
else:
return dict.__setitem__(self, key.title(), str(value))
def __contains__(self, key):
return dict.__contains__(self, key.title())
def __delitem__(self, key):
return dict.__delitem__(self, key.title())
def get(self, key, default=None):
return dict.get(self, key.title(), default)
def setdefault(self, key, value=None):
if key not in self:
self[key] = value
return self[key]
def _resp_status_property():
"""
Set and retrieve the value of Response.status
On retrieval, it concatenates status_int and title.
When set to a str, it splits status_int and title apart.
When set to an integer, retrieves the correct title for that
response code from the RESPONSE_REASONS dict.
"""
def getter(self):
return '%s %s' % (self.status_int, self.title)
def setter(self, value):
if isinstance(value, (int, long)):
self.status_int = value
self.explanation = self.title = RESPONSE_REASONS[value][0]
else:
if isinstance(value, unicode):
value = value.encode('utf-8')
self.status_int = int(value.split(' ', 1)[0])
self.explanation = self.title = value.split(' ', 1)[1]
return property(getter, setter,
doc="Retrieve and set the Response status, e.g. '200 OK'")
def _resp_body_property():
"""
Set and retrieve the value of Response.body
If necessary, it will consume Response.app_iter to create a body.
On assignment, encodes unicode values to utf-8, and sets the content-length
to the length of the str.
"""
def getter(self):
if not self._body:
if not self._app_iter:
return ''
self._body = ''.join(self._app_iter)
self._app_iter = None
return self._body
def setter(self, value):
if isinstance(value, unicode):
value = value.encode('utf-8')
if isinstance(value, str):
self.content_length = len(value)
self._app_iter = None
self._body = value
return property(getter, setter,
doc="Retrieve and set the Response body str")
def _resp_etag_property():
"""
Set and retrieve Response.etag
This may be broken for etag use cases other than Swift's.
Quotes strings when assigned and unquotes when read, for compatibility
with webob.
"""
def getter(self):
etag = self.headers.get('etag', None)
if etag:
etag = etag.replace('"', '')
return etag
def setter(self, value):
if value is None:
self.headers['etag'] = None
else:
self.headers['etag'] = '"%s"' % value
return property(getter, setter,
doc="Retrieve and set the response Etag header")
def _resp_content_type_property():
"""
Set and retrieve Response.content_type
Strips off any charset when retrieved -- that is accessible
via Response.charset.
"""
def getter(self):
if 'content-type' in self.headers:
return self.headers.get('content-type').split(';')[0]
def setter(self, value):
self.headers['content-type'] = value
return property(getter, setter,
doc="Retrieve and set the response Content-Type header")
def _resp_charset_property():
"""
Set and retrieve Response.charset
On retrieval, separates the charset from the content-type.
On assignment, removes any existing charset from the content-type and
appends the new one.
"""
def getter(self):
if '; charset=' in self.headers['content-type']:
return self.headers['content-type'].split('; charset=')[1]
def setter(self, value):
if 'content-type' in self.headers:
self.headers['content-type'] = self.headers['content-type'].split(
';')[0]
if value:
self.headers['content-type'] += '; charset=' + value
return property(getter, setter,
doc="Retrieve and set the response charset")
def _resp_app_iter_property():
"""
Set and retrieve Response.app_iter
Mostly a pass-through to Response._app_iter; it's a property so it can zero
out an existing content-length on assignment.
"""
def getter(self):
return self._app_iter
def setter(self, value):
if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
self.content_length = sum(map(len, value))
elif value is not None:
self.content_length = None
self._body = None
self._app_iter = value
return property(getter, setter,
doc="Retrieve and set the response app_iter")
def _req_fancy_property(cls, header, even_if_nonexistent=False):
"""
Set and retrieve "fancy" properties.
On retrieval, these properties return a class that takes the value of the
header as the only argument to their constructor.
For assignment, those classes should implement a __str__ that converts them
back to their header values.
:param header: name of the header, e.g. "Accept"
:param even_if_nonexistent: Return a value even if the header does not
exist. Classes using this should be prepared to accept None as a
parameter.
"""
def getter(self):
try:
if header in self.headers or even_if_nonexistent:
return cls(self.headers.get(header))
except ValueError:
return None
def setter(self, value):
self.headers[header] = value
return property(getter, setter, doc=("Retrieve and set the %s "
"property in the WSGI environ, as a %s object") %
(header, cls.__name__))
class Range(object):
"""
Wraps a Request's Range header as a friendly object.
After initialization, "range.ranges" is populated with a list
of (start, end) tuples denoting the requested ranges.
If there were any syntactically-invalid byte-range-spec values,
"range.ranges" will be an empty list, per the relevant RFC:
"The recipient of a byte-range-set that includes one or more syntactically
invalid byte-range-spec values MUST ignore the header field that includes
that byte-range-set."
According to the RFC 2616 specification, the following cases will be all
considered as syntactically invalid, thus, a ValueError is thrown so that
the range header will be ignored. If the range value contains at least
one of the following cases, the entire range is considered invalid,
ValueError will be thrown so that the header will be ignored.
1. value not starts with bytes=
2. range value start is greater than the end, eg. bytes=5-3
3. range does not have start or end, eg. bytes=-
4. range does not have hyphen, eg. bytes=45
5. range value is non numeric
6. any combination of the above
Every syntactically valid range will be added into the ranges list
even when some of the ranges may not be satisfied by underlying content.
:param headerval: value of the header as a str
"""
def __init__(self, headerval):
headerval = headerval.replace(' ', '')
if not headerval.lower().startswith('bytes='):
raise ValueError('Invalid Range header: %s' % headerval)
self.ranges = []
for rng in headerval[6:].split(','):
# Check if the range has required hyphen.
if rng.find('-') == -1:
raise ValueError('Invalid Range header: %s' % headerval)
start, end = rng.split('-', 1)
if start:
# when start contains non numeric value, this also causes
# ValueError
start = int(start)
else:
start = None
if end:
# when end contains non numeric value, this also causes
# ValueError
end = int(end)
if start is not None and end < start:
raise ValueError('Invalid Range header: %s' % headerval)
else:
end = None
if start is None:
raise ValueError('Invalid Range header: %s' % headerval)
self.ranges.append((start, end))
def __str__(self):
string = 'bytes='
for start, end in self.ranges:
if start is not None:
string += str(start)
string += '-'
if end is not None:
string += str(end)
string += ','
return string.rstrip(',')
def ranges_for_length(self, length):
"""
This method is used to return multiple ranges for a given length
which should represent the length of the underlying content.
The constructor method __init__ made sure that any range in ranges
list is syntactically valid. So if length is None or size of the
ranges is zero, then the Range header should be ignored which will
eventually make the response to be 200.
If an empty list is returned by this method, it indicates that there
are unsatisfiable ranges found in the Range header, 416 will be
returned.
if a returned list has at least one element, the list indicates that
there is at least one range valid and the server should serve the
request with a 206 status code.
The start value of each range represents the starting position in
the content, the end value represents the ending position. This
method purposely adds 1 to the end number because the spec defines
the Range to be inclusive.
The Range spec can be found at the following link:
http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.35.1
:param length: length of the underlying content
"""
# not syntactically valid ranges, must ignore
if length is None or not self.ranges or self.ranges == []:
return None
all_ranges = []
for single_range in self.ranges:
begin, end = single_range
# The possible values for begin and end are
# None, 0, or a positive numeric number
if begin is None:
if end == 0:
# this is the bytes=-0 case
continue
elif end > length:
# This is the case where the end is greater than the
# content length, as the RFC 2616 stated, the entire
# content should be returned.
all_ranges.append((0, length))
else:
all_ranges.append((length - end, length))
continue
# begin can only be 0 and numeric value from this point on
if end is None:
if begin < length:
all_ranges.append((begin, length))
else:
# the begin position is greater than or equal to the
# content length; skip and move on to the next range
continue
# end can only be 0 or numeric value
elif begin < length:
# the begin position is valid, take the min of end + 1 or
# the total length of the content
all_ranges.append((begin, min(end + 1, length)))
return all_ranges
class Match(object):
"""
Wraps a Request's If-None-Match header as a friendly object.
:param headerval: value of the header as a str
"""
def __init__(self, headerval):
self.tags = set()
for tag in headerval.split(', '):
if tag.startswith('"') and tag.endswith('"'):
self.tags.add(tag[1:-1])
else:
self.tags.add(tag)
def __contains__(self, val):
return '*' in self.tags or val in self.tags
class Accept(object):
"""
Wraps a Request's Accept header as a friendly object.
:param headerval: value of the header as a str
"""
# RFC 2616 section 2.2
token = r'[^()<>@,;:\"/\[\]?={}\x00-\x20\x7f]+'
qdtext = r'[^"]'
quoted_pair = r'(?:\\.)'
quoted_string = r'"(?:' + qdtext + r'|' + quoted_pair + r')*"'
extension = (r'(?:\s*;\s*(?:' + token + r")\s*=\s*" + r'(?:' + token +
r'|' + quoted_string + r'))')
acc = (r'^\s*(' + token + r')/(' + token +
r')(' + extension + r'*?\s*)$')
acc_pattern = re.compile(acc)
def __init__(self, headerval):
self.headerval = headerval
def _get_types(self):
types = []
if not self.headerval:
return []
for typ in self.headerval.split(','):
type_parms = self.acc_pattern.findall(typ)
if not type_parms:
raise ValueError('Invalid accept header')
typ, subtype, parms = type_parms[0]
parms = [p.strip() for p in parms.split(';') if p.strip()]
seen_q_already = False
quality = 1.0
for parm in parms:
name, value = parm.split('=')
name = name.strip()
value = value.strip()
if name == 'q':
if seen_q_already:
raise ValueError('Multiple "q" params')
seen_q_already = True
quality = float(value)
pattern = '^' + \
(self.token if typ == '*' else re.escape(typ)) + '/' + \
(self.token if subtype == '*' else re.escape(subtype)) + '$'
types.append((pattern, quality, '*' not in (typ, subtype)))
# sort candidates by quality, then whether or not there were globs
types.sort(reverse=True, key=lambda t: (t[1], t[2]))
return [t[0] for t in types]
def best_match(self, options):
"""
Returns the item from "options" that best matches the accept header.
Returns None if no available options are acceptable to the client.
:param options: a list of content-types the server can respond with
"""
try:
types = self._get_types()
except ValueError:
return None
if not types and options:
return options[0]
for pattern in types:
for option in options:
if re.match(pattern, option):
return option
return None
def __repr__(self):
return self.headerval
def _req_environ_property(environ_field):
"""
Set and retrieve value of the environ_field entry in self.environ.
(Used by both request and response)
"""
def getter(self):
return self.environ.get(environ_field, None)
def setter(self, value):
if isinstance(value, unicode):
self.environ[environ_field] = value.encode('utf-8')
else:
self.environ[environ_field] = value
return property(getter, setter, doc=("Get and set the %s property "
"in the WSGI environment") % environ_field)
def _req_body_property():
"""
Set and retrieve the Request.body parameter. It consumes wsgi.input and
returns the results. On assignment, uses a StringIO to create a new
wsgi.input.
"""
def getter(self):
body = self.environ['wsgi.input'].read()
self.environ['wsgi.input'] = StringIO(body)
return body
def setter(self, value):
self.environ['wsgi.input'] = StringIO(value)
self.environ['CONTENT_LENGTH'] = str(len(value))
return property(getter, setter, doc="Get and set the request body str")
def _host_url_property():
"""
Retrieves the best guess that can be made for an absolute location up to
the path, for example: https://host.com:1234
"""
def getter(self):
if 'HTTP_HOST' in self.environ:
host = self.environ['HTTP_HOST']
else:
host = '%s:%s' % (self.environ['SERVER_NAME'],
self.environ['SERVER_PORT'])
scheme = self.environ.get('wsgi.url_scheme', 'http')
if scheme == 'http' and host.endswith(':80'):
host, port = host.rsplit(':', 1)
elif scheme == 'https' and host.endswith(':443'):
host, port = host.rsplit(':', 1)
return '%s://%s' % (scheme, host)
return property(getter, doc="Get url for request/response up to path")
class Request(object):
"""
WSGI Request object.
"""
range = _req_fancy_property(Range, 'range')
if_none_match = _req_fancy_property(Match, 'if-none-match')
accept = _req_fancy_property(Accept, 'accept', True)
method = _req_environ_property('REQUEST_METHOD')
referrer = referer = _req_environ_property('HTTP_REFERER')
script_name = _req_environ_property('SCRIPT_NAME')
path_info = _req_environ_property('PATH_INFO')
host = _req_environ_property('HTTP_HOST')
host_url = _host_url_property()
remote_addr = _req_environ_property('REMOTE_ADDR')
remote_user = _req_environ_property('REMOTE_USER')
user_agent = _req_environ_property('HTTP_USER_AGENT')
query_string = _req_environ_property('QUERY_STRING')
if_match = _req_environ_property('HTTP_IF_MATCH')
body_file = _req_environ_property('wsgi.input')
content_length = _header_int_property('content-length')
if_modified_since = _datetime_property('if-modified-since')
if_unmodified_since = _datetime_property('if-unmodified-since')
body = _req_body_property()
charset = None
_params_cache = None
acl = _req_environ_property('swob.ACL')
def __init__(self, environ):
self.environ = environ
self.headers = HeaderEnvironProxy(self.environ)
@classmethod
def blank(cls, path, environ=None, headers=None, body=None, **kwargs):
"""
Create a new request object with the given parameters, and an
environment otherwise filled in with non-surprising default values.
:param path: encoded, parsed, and unquoted into PATH_INFO
:param environ: WSGI environ dictionary
:param headers: HTTP headers
:param body: stuffed in a StringIO and hung on wsgi.input
:param kwargs: any environ key with an property setter
"""
headers = headers or {}
environ = environ or {}
if isinstance(path, unicode):
path = path.encode('utf-8')
parsed_path = urlparse.urlparse(path)
server_name = 'localhost'
if parsed_path.netloc:
server_name = parsed_path.netloc.split(':', 1)[0]
server_port = parsed_path.port
if server_port is None:
server_port = {'http': 80,
'https': 443}.get(parsed_path.scheme, 80)
if parsed_path.scheme and parsed_path.scheme not in ['http', 'https']:
raise TypeError('Invalid scheme: %s' % parsed_path.scheme)
env = {
'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET',
'SCRIPT_NAME': '',
'QUERY_STRING': parsed_path.query,
'PATH_INFO': urllib2.unquote(parsed_path.path),
'SERVER_NAME': server_name,
'SERVER_PORT': str(server_port),
'HTTP_HOST': '%s:%d' % (server_name, server_port),
'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.0',
'wsgi.version': (1, 0),
'wsgi.url_scheme': parsed_path.scheme or 'http',
'wsgi.errors': StringIO(''),
'wsgi.multithread': False,
'wsgi.multiprocess': False
}
env.update(environ)
if body is not None:
env['wsgi.input'] = StringIO(body)
env['CONTENT_LENGTH'] = str(len(body))
elif 'wsgi.input' not in env:
env['wsgi.input'] = StringIO('')
req = Request(env)
for key, val in headers.iteritems():
req.headers[key] = val
for key, val in kwargs.items():
prop = getattr(Request, key, None)
if prop and isinstance(prop, property):
try:
setattr(req, key, val)
except AttributeError:
pass
else:
continue
raise TypeError("got unexpected keyword argument %r" % key)
return req
@property
def params(self):
"Provides QUERY_STRING parameters as a dictionary"
if self._params_cache is None:
if 'QUERY_STRING' in self.environ:
self._params_cache = dict(
urlparse.parse_qsl(self.environ['QUERY_STRING'], True))
else:
self._params_cache = {}
return self._params_cache
str_params = params
@property
def path_qs(self):
"""The path of the request, without host but with query string."""
path = self.path
if self.query_string:
path += '?' + self.query_string
return path
@property
def path(self):
"Provides the full path of the request, excluding the QUERY_STRING"
return urllib2.quote(self.environ.get('SCRIPT_NAME', '') +
self.environ['PATH_INFO'])
@property
def url(self):
"Provides the full url of the request"
return self.host_url + self.path_qs
def as_referer(self):
return self.method + ' ' + self.url
def path_info_pop(self):
"""
Takes one path portion (delineated by slashes) from the
path_info, and appends it to the script_name. Returns
the path segment.
"""
path_info = self.path_info
if not path_info or path_info[0] != '/':
return None
try:
slash_loc = path_info.index('/', 1)
except ValueError:
slash_loc = len(path_info)
self.script_name += path_info[:slash_loc]
self.path_info = path_info[slash_loc:]
return path_info[1:slash_loc]
def copy_get(self):
"""
Makes a copy of the request, converting it to a GET.
"""
env = self.environ.copy()
env.update({
'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET',
'CONTENT_LENGTH': '0',
'wsgi.input': StringIO(''),
})
return Request(env)
def call_application(self, application):
"""
Calls the application with this request's environment. Returns the
status, headers, and app_iter for the response as a tuple.
:param application: the WSGI application to call
"""
output = []
captured = []
def start_response(status, headers, exc_info=None):
captured[:] = [status, headers, exc_info]
return output.append
app_iter = application(self.environ, start_response)
if not app_iter:
app_iter = output
if not captured:
app_iter = reiterate(app_iter)
return (captured[0], captured[1], app_iter)
def get_response(self, application):
"""
Calls the application with this request's environment. Returns a
Response object that wraps up the application's result.
:param application: the WSGI application to call
"""
status, headers, app_iter = self.call_application(application)
return Response(status=status, headers=dict(headers),
app_iter=app_iter, request=self)
def split_path(self, minsegs=1, maxsegs=None, rest_with_last=False):
"""
Validate and split the Request's path.
**Examples**::
['a'] = split_path('/a')
['a', None] = split_path('/a', 1, 2)
['a', 'c'] = split_path('/a/c', 1, 2)
['a', 'c', 'o/r'] = split_path('/a/c/o/r', 1, 3, True)
:param minsegs: Minimum number of segments to be extracted
:param maxsegs: Maximum number of segments to be extracted
:param rest_with_last: If True, trailing data will be returned as part
of last segment. If False, and there is
trailing data, raises ValueError.
:returns: list of segments with a length of maxsegs (non-existant
segments will return as None)
:raises: ValueError if given an invalid path
"""
return split_path(
self.environ.get('SCRIPT_NAME', '') + self.environ['PATH_INFO'],
minsegs, maxsegs, rest_with_last)
def message_length(self):
"""
Properly determine the message length for this request. It will return
an integer if the headers explicitly contain the message length, or
None if the headers don't contain a length. The ValueError exception
will be raised if the headers are invalid.
:raises ValueError: if either transfer-encoding or content-length
headers have bad values
:raises AttributeError: if the last value of the transfer-encoding
header is not "chunked"
"""
te = self.headers.get('transfer-encoding')
if te:
encodings = te.split(',')
if len(encodings) > 1:
raise AttributeError('Unsupported Transfer-Coding header'
' value specified in Transfer-Encoding'
' header')
# If there are more than one transfer encoding value, the last
# one must be chunked, see RFC 2616 Sec. 3.6
if encodings[-1].lower() == 'chunked':
chunked = True
else:
raise ValueError('Invalid Transfer-Encoding header value')
else:
chunked = False
if not chunked:
# Because we are not using chunked transfer encoding we can pay
# attention to the content-length header.
fsize = self.headers.get('content-length', None)
if fsize is not None:
try:
fsize = int(fsize)
except ValueError:
raise ValueError('Invalid Content-Length header value')
else:
fsize = None
return fsize
def content_range_header_value(start, stop, size):
return 'bytes %s-%s/%s' % (start, (stop - 1), size)
def content_range_header(start, stop, size):
return "Content-Range: " + content_range_header_value(start, stop, size)
def multi_range_iterator(ranges, content_type, boundary, size, sub_iter_gen):
for start, stop in ranges:
yield ''.join(['\r\n--', boundary, '\r\n',
'Content-Type: ', content_type, '\r\n'])
yield content_range_header(start, stop, size) + '\r\n\r\n'
sub_iter = sub_iter_gen(start, stop)
for chunk in sub_iter:
yield chunk
yield '\r\n--' + boundary + '--\r\n'
class Response(object):
"""
WSGI Response object.
"""
content_length = _header_int_property('content-length')
content_type = _resp_content_type_property()
content_range = _header_property('content-range')
etag = _resp_etag_property()
status = _resp_status_property()
body = _resp_body_property()
host_url = _host_url_property()
last_modified = _datetime_property('last-modified')
location = _header_property('location')
accept_ranges = _header_property('accept-ranges')
charset = _resp_charset_property()
app_iter = _resp_app_iter_property()
def __init__(self, body=None, status=200, headers=None, app_iter=None,
request=None, conditional_response=False, **kw):
self.headers = HeaderKeyDict(
[('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=UTF-8')])
self.conditional_response = conditional_response
self.request = request
self.body = body
self.app_iter = app_iter
self.status = status
self.boundary = "%.32x" % random.randint(0, 256 ** 16)
if request:
self.environ = request.environ
else:
self.environ = {}
if headers:
self.headers.update(headers)
for key, value in kw.iteritems():
setattr(self, key, value)
# When specifying both 'content_type' and 'charset' in the kwargs,
# charset needs to be applied *after* content_type, otherwise charset
# can get wiped out when content_type sorts later in dict order.
if 'charset' in kw and 'content_type' in kw:
self.charset = kw['charset']
def _prepare_for_ranges(self, ranges):
"""
Prepare the Response for multiple ranges.
"""
content_size = self.content_length
content_type = self.content_type
self.content_type = ''.join(['multipart/byteranges;',
'boundary=', self.boundary])
# This section calculate the total size of the targeted response
# The value 12 is the length of total bytes of hyphen, new line
# form feed for each section header. The value 8 is the length of
# total bytes of hyphen, new line, form feed characters for the
# closing boundary which appears only once
section_header_fixed_len = 12 + (len(self.boundary) +
len('Content-Type: ') +
len(content_type) +
len('Content-Range: bytes '))
body_size = 0
for start, end in ranges:
body_size += section_header_fixed_len
body_size += len(str(start) + '-' + str(end - 1) + '/' +
str(content_size)) + (end - start)
body_size += 8 + len(self.boundary)
self.content_length = body_size
self.content_range = None
return content_size, content_type
def _response_iter(self, app_iter, body):
if self.request and self.request.method == 'HEAD':
# We explicitly do NOT want to set self.content_length to 0 here
return ['']
if self.conditional_response and self.request and \
self.request.range and self.request.range.ranges and \
not self.content_range:
ranges = self.request.range.ranges_for_length(self.content_length)
if ranges == []:
self.status = 416
self.content_length = 0
return ['']
elif ranges:
range_size = len(ranges)
if range_size > 0:
# There is at least one valid range in the request, so try
# to satisfy the request
if range_size == 1:
start, end = ranges[0]
if app_iter and hasattr(app_iter, 'app_iter_range'):
self.status = 206
self.content_range = content_range_header_value(
start, end, self.content_length)
self.content_length = (end - start)
return app_iter.app_iter_range(start, end)
elif body:
self.status = 206
self.content_range = content_range_header_value(
start, end, self.content_length)
self.content_length = (end - start)
return [body[start:end]]
elif range_size > 1:
if app_iter and hasattr(app_iter, 'app_iter_ranges'):
self.status = 206
content_size, content_type = \
self._prepare_for_ranges(ranges)
return app_iter.app_iter_ranges(ranges,
content_type,
self.boundary,
content_size)
elif body:
self.status = 206
content_size, content_type, = \
self._prepare_for_ranges(ranges)
def _body_slicer(start, stop):
yield body[start:stop]
return multi_range_iterator(ranges, content_type,
self.boundary,
content_size,
_body_slicer)
if app_iter:
return app_iter
if body is not None:
return [body]
if self.status_int in RESPONSE_REASONS:
title, exp = RESPONSE_REASONS[self.status_int]
if exp:
body = '%s
%s
' % (title, exp)
if '%(' in body:
body = body % defaultdict(lambda: 'unknown', self.__dict__)
self.content_length = len(body)
return [body]
return ['']
def absolute_location(self):
"""
Attempt to construct an absolute location.
"""
if not self.location.startswith('/'):
return self.location
return self.host_url + self.location
@property
def is_success(self):
return self.status_int // 100 == 2
def __call__(self, env, start_response):
if not self.request:
self.request = Request(env)
self.environ = env
app_iter = self._response_iter(self.app_iter, self._body)
if 'location' in self.headers:
self.location = self.absolute_location()
start_response(self.status, self.headers.items())
return app_iter
class HTTPException(Response, Exception):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
Response.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
Exception.__init__(self, self.status)
def wsgify(func):
"""
A decorator for translating functions which take a swob Request object and
return a Response object into WSGI callables. Also catches any raised
HTTPExceptions and treats them as a returned Response.
"""
argspec = inspect.getargspec(func)
if argspec.args and argspec.args[0] == 'self':
@functools.wraps(func)
def _wsgify_self(self, env, start_response):
try:
return func(self, Request(env))(env, start_response)
except HTTPException as err_resp:
return err_resp(env, start_response)
return _wsgify_self
else:
@functools.wraps(func)
def _wsgify_bare(env, start_response):
try:
return func(Request(env))(env, start_response)
except HTTPException as err_resp:
return err_resp(env, start_response)
return _wsgify_bare
class StatusMap(object):
"""
A dict-like object that returns HTTPException subclasses/factory functions
where the given key is the status code.
"""
def __getitem__(self, key):
return partial(HTTPException, status=key)
status_map = StatusMap()
HTTPOk = status_map[200]
HTTPCreated = status_map[201]
HTTPAccepted = status_map[202]
HTTPNoContent = status_map[204]
HTTPMovedPermanently = status_map[301]
HTTPFound = status_map[302]
HTTPSeeOther = status_map[303]
HTTPNotModified = status_map[304]
HTTPTemporaryRedirect = status_map[307]
HTTPBadRequest = status_map[400]
HTTPUnauthorized = status_map[401]
HTTPForbidden = status_map[403]
HTTPMethodNotAllowed = status_map[405]
HTTPNotFound = status_map[404]
HTTPNotAcceptable = status_map[406]
HTTPRequestTimeout = status_map[408]
HTTPConflict = status_map[409]
HTTPLengthRequired = status_map[411]
HTTPPreconditionFailed = status_map[412]
HTTPRequestEntityTooLarge = status_map[413]
HTTPRequestedRangeNotSatisfiable = status_map[416]
HTTPUnprocessableEntity = status_map[422]
HTTPClientDisconnect = status_map[499]
HTTPServerError = status_map[500]
HTTPInternalServerError = status_map[500]
HTTPNotImplemented = status_map[501]
HTTPBadGateway = status_map[502]
HTTPServiceUnavailable = status_map[503]
HTTPInsufficientStorage = status_map[507]