swift/swift/common/ring/ring.py

383 lines
15 KiB
Python

# Copyright (c) 2010-2012 OpenStack Foundation
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
# implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
import array
import cPickle as pickle
from collections import defaultdict
from gzip import GzipFile
from os.path import getmtime
import struct
from time import time
import os
from io import BufferedReader
from hashlib import md5
from itertools import chain
from swift.common.utils import json
from swift.common.ondisk import hash_path, validate_configuration
from swift.common.ring.utils import tiers_for_dev
class RingData(object):
"""Partitioned consistent hashing ring data (used for serialization)."""
def __init__(self, replica2part2dev_id, devs, part_shift):
self.devs = devs
self._replica2part2dev_id = replica2part2dev_id
self._part_shift = part_shift
for dev in self.devs:
if dev is not None:
dev.setdefault("region", 1)
@classmethod
def deserialize_v1(cls, gz_file):
json_len, = struct.unpack('!I', gz_file.read(4))
ring_dict = json.loads(gz_file.read(json_len))
ring_dict['replica2part2dev_id'] = []
partition_count = 1 << (32 - ring_dict['part_shift'])
for x in xrange(ring_dict['replica_count']):
ring_dict['replica2part2dev_id'].append(
array.array('H', gz_file.read(2 * partition_count)))
return ring_dict
@classmethod
def load(cls, filename):
"""
Load ring data from a file.
:param filename: Path to a file serialized by the save() method.
:returns: A RingData instance containing the loaded data.
"""
gz_file = GzipFile(filename, 'rb')
# Python 2.6 GzipFile doesn't support BufferedIO
if hasattr(gz_file, '_checkReadable'):
gz_file = BufferedReader(gz_file)
# See if the file is in the new format
magic = gz_file.read(4)
if magic == 'R1NG':
version, = struct.unpack('!H', gz_file.read(2))
if version == 1:
ring_data = cls.deserialize_v1(gz_file)
else:
raise Exception('Unknown ring format version %d' % version)
else:
# Assume old-style pickled ring
gz_file.seek(0)
ring_data = pickle.load(gz_file)
if not hasattr(ring_data, 'devs'):
ring_data = RingData(ring_data['replica2part2dev_id'],
ring_data['devs'], ring_data['part_shift'])
return ring_data
def serialize_v1(self, file_obj):
# Write out new-style serialization magic and version:
file_obj.write(struct.pack('!4sH', 'R1NG', 1))
ring = self.to_dict()
json_encoder = json.JSONEncoder(sort_keys=True)
json_text = json_encoder.encode(
{'devs': ring['devs'], 'part_shift': ring['part_shift'],
'replica_count': len(ring['replica2part2dev_id'])})
json_len = len(json_text)
file_obj.write(struct.pack('!I', json_len))
file_obj.write(json_text)
for part2dev_id in ring['replica2part2dev_id']:
file_obj.write(part2dev_id.tostring())
def save(self, filename):
"""
Serialize this RingData instance to disk.
:param filename: File into which this instance should be serialized.
"""
# Override the timestamp so that the same ring data creates
# the same bytes on disk. This makes a checksum comparison a
# good way to see if two rings are identical.
#
# This only works on Python 2.7; on 2.6, we always get the
# current time in the gzip output.
try:
gz_file = GzipFile(filename, 'wb', mtime=1300507380.0)
except TypeError:
gz_file = GzipFile(filename, 'wb')
self.serialize_v1(gz_file)
gz_file.close()
def to_dict(self):
return {'devs': self.devs,
'replica2part2dev_id': self._replica2part2dev_id,
'part_shift': self._part_shift}
class Ring(object):
"""
Partitioned consistent hashing ring.
:param serialized_path: path to serialized RingData instance
:param reload_time: time interval in seconds to check for a ring change
"""
def __init__(self, serialized_path, reload_time=15, ring_name=None):
# Can't use the ring unless the on-disk configuration is valid
validate_configuration()
if ring_name:
self.serialized_path = os.path.join(serialized_path,
ring_name + '.ring.gz')
else:
self.serialized_path = os.path.join(serialized_path)
self.reload_time = reload_time
self._reload(force=True)
def _reload(self, force=False):
self._rtime = time() + self.reload_time
if force or self.has_changed():
ring_data = RingData.load(self.serialized_path)
self._mtime = getmtime(self.serialized_path)
self._devs = ring_data.devs
# NOTE(akscram): Replication parameters like replication_ip
# and replication_port are required for
# replication process. An old replication
# ring doesn't contain this parameters into
# device.
for dev in self._devs:
if dev:
if 'ip' in dev:
dev.setdefault('replication_ip', dev['ip'])
if 'port' in dev:
dev.setdefault('replication_port', dev['port'])
self._replica2part2dev_id = ring_data._replica2part2dev_id
self._part_shift = ring_data._part_shift
self._rebuild_tier_data()
# Do this now, when we know the data has changed, rather then
# doing it on every call to get_more_nodes().
regions = set()
zones = set()
self._num_devs = 0
for dev in self._devs:
if dev:
regions.add(dev['region'])
zones.add((dev['region'], dev['zone']))
self._num_devs += 1
self._num_regions = len(regions)
self._num_zones = len(zones)
def _rebuild_tier_data(self):
self.tier2devs = defaultdict(list)
for dev in self._devs:
if not dev:
continue
for tier in tiers_for_dev(dev):
self.tier2devs[tier].append(dev)
tiers_by_length = defaultdict(list)
for tier in self.tier2devs:
tiers_by_length[len(tier)].append(tier)
self.tiers_by_length = sorted(tiers_by_length.values(),
key=lambda x: len(x[0]))
for tiers in self.tiers_by_length:
tiers.sort()
@property
def replica_count(self):
"""Number of replicas (full or partial) used in the ring."""
return len(self._replica2part2dev_id)
@property
def partition_count(self):
"""Number of partitions in the ring."""
return len(self._replica2part2dev_id[0])
@property
def devs(self):
"""devices in the ring"""
if time() > self._rtime:
self._reload()
return self._devs
def has_changed(self):
"""
Check to see if the ring on disk is different than the current one in
memory.
:returns: True if the ring on disk has changed, False otherwise
"""
return getmtime(self.serialized_path) != self._mtime
def _get_part_nodes(self, part):
part_nodes = []
seen_ids = set()
for r2p2d in self._replica2part2dev_id:
if part < len(r2p2d):
dev_id = r2p2d[part]
if dev_id not in seen_ids:
part_nodes.append(self.devs[dev_id])
seen_ids.add(dev_id)
return part_nodes
def get_part(self, account, container=None, obj=None):
"""
Get the partition for an account/container/object.
:param account: account name
:param container: container name
:param obj: object name
:returns: the partition number
"""
key = hash_path(account, container, obj, raw_digest=True)
if time() > self._rtime:
self._reload()
part = struct.unpack_from('>I', key)[0] >> self._part_shift
return part
def get_part_nodes(self, part):
"""
Get the nodes that are responsible for the partition. If one
node is responsible for more than one replica of the same
partition, it will only appear in the output once.
:param part: partition to get nodes for
:returns: list of node dicts
See :func:`get_nodes` for a description of the node dicts.
"""
if time() > self._rtime:
self._reload()
return self._get_part_nodes(part)
def get_nodes(self, account, container=None, obj=None):
"""
Get the partition and nodes for an account/container/object.
If a node is responsible for more than one replica, it will
only appear in the output once.
:param account: account name
:param container: container name
:param obj: object name
:returns: a tuple of (partition, list of node dicts)
Each node dict will have at least the following keys:
====== ===============================================================
id unique integer identifier amongst devices
weight a float of the relative weight of this device as compared to
others; this indicates how many partitions the builder will try
to assign to this device
zone integer indicating which zone the device is in; a given
partition will not be assigned to multiple devices within the
same zone
ip the ip address of the device
port the tcp port of the device
device the device's name on disk (sdb1, for example)
meta general use 'extra' field; for example: the online date, the
hardware description
====== ===============================================================
"""
part = self.get_part(account, container, obj)
return part, self._get_part_nodes(part)
def get_more_nodes(self, part):
"""
Generator to get extra nodes for a partition for hinted handoff.
The handoff nodes will try to be in zones other than the
primary zones, will take into account the device weights, and
will usually keep the same sequences of handoffs even with
ring changes.
:param part: partition to get handoff nodes for
:returns: generator of node dicts
See :func:`get_nodes` for a description of the node dicts.
"""
if time() > self._rtime:
self._reload()
primary_nodes = self._get_part_nodes(part)
used = set(d['id'] for d in primary_nodes)
same_regions = set(d['region'] for d in primary_nodes)
same_zones = set((d['region'], d['zone']) for d in primary_nodes)
parts = len(self._replica2part2dev_id[0])
start = struct.unpack_from(
'>I', md5(str(part)).digest())[0] >> self._part_shift
inc = int(parts / 65536) or 1
# Multiple loops for execution speed; the checks and bookkeeping get
# simpler as you go along
hit_all_regions = len(same_regions) == self._num_regions
for handoff_part in chain(xrange(start, parts, inc),
xrange(inc - ((parts - start) % inc),
start, inc)):
if hit_all_regions:
# At this point, there are no regions left untouched, so we
# can stop looking.
break
for part2dev_id in self._replica2part2dev_id:
if handoff_part < len(part2dev_id):
dev_id = part2dev_id[handoff_part]
dev = self._devs[dev_id]
region = dev['region']
zone = (region, dev['zone'])
if dev_id not in used and region not in same_regions:
yield dev
used.add(dev_id)
same_regions.add(region)
same_zones.add(zone)
if len(same_regions) == self._num_regions:
hit_all_regions = True
break
hit_all_zones = len(same_zones) == self._num_zones
for handoff_part in chain(xrange(start, parts, inc),
xrange(inc - ((parts - start) % inc),
start, inc)):
if hit_all_zones:
# Much like we stopped looking for fresh regions before, we
# can now stop looking for fresh zones; there are no more.
break
for part2dev_id in self._replica2part2dev_id:
if handoff_part < len(part2dev_id):
dev_id = part2dev_id[handoff_part]
dev = self._devs[dev_id]
zone = (dev['region'], dev['zone'])
if dev_id not in used and zone not in same_zones:
yield dev
used.add(dev_id)
same_zones.add(zone)
if len(same_zones) == self._num_zones:
hit_all_zones = True
break
hit_all_devs = len(used) == self._num_devs
for handoff_part in chain(xrange(start, parts, inc),
xrange(inc - ((parts - start) % inc),
start, inc)):
if hit_all_devs:
# We've used every device we have, so let's stop looking for
# unused devices now.
break
for part2dev_id in self._replica2part2dev_id:
if handoff_part < len(part2dev_id):
dev_id = part2dev_id[handoff_part]
if dev_id not in used:
yield self._devs[dev_id]
used.add(dev_id)
if len(used) == self._num_devs:
hit_all_devs = True
break