Files
swift/test/unit/common/test_memcached.py
Timur Alperovich 167bb5eeb8 Fix IPv6 handling in MemcacheConnPool.
The patch removes the assumption of IPv4-only addresses in the
MemcacheConnPool. The changes are around address handling.
Namely, if a server is specified with an address
[<address>]:port (port is optional), it is assumed to be an IPv6
address [1]. If an IPv6 address is specified without "[]", an exception
is raised as it is impossible to parse such addresses correctly.

For testing, memcache can be configured to listen on the link-local,
unique-local, or ::1 (equivalent to 127.0.0.1) addresses. Link-local
addresses are assigned by default to each interface and are of the form
"fe80::dead:beef". These addresses require a scope ID, which would look
like "fe80::dead:beef%eth0" (replacing eth0 with the correct interface).

Unique-local addresses are any addresses in the fc00::/7 subnet. To add
a ULA to an interface use the "ip" utility. For example:
"ip -6 address add fc01::dead:beef dev eth0". Lastly, and probably
simplest, memcache can be configured to listen on "::1". The same
address would be used in the swift configuration, e.g. "[::1]:11211".

Note: only memcached version 1.4.25 or greater supports binding to an
IPv6 address.

Fixes #1526570

[1] IPv6 host literals:
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.2.2

Change-Id: I8408143c1d47d24e70df56a08167c529825276a2
2016-01-08 17:15:05 -08:00

608 lines
26 KiB
Python

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Copyright (c) 2010-2012 OpenStack Foundation
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
# implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""Tests for swift.common.utils"""
from collections import defaultdict
import logging
import socket
import time
import unittest
from uuid import uuid4
from eventlet import GreenPool, sleep, Queue
from eventlet.pools import Pool
from swift.common import memcached
from mock import patch, MagicMock
from test.unit import NullLoggingHandler
class MockedMemcachePool(memcached.MemcacheConnPool):
def __init__(self, mocks):
Pool.__init__(self, max_size=2)
self.mocks = mocks
# setting this for the eventlet workaround in the MemcacheConnPool
self._parent_class_getter = super(memcached.MemcacheConnPool, self).get
def create(self):
return self.mocks.pop(0)
class ExplodingMockMemcached(object):
exploded = False
def sendall(self, string):
self.exploded = True
raise socket.error()
def readline(self):
self.exploded = True
raise socket.error()
def read(self, size):
self.exploded = True
raise socket.error()
def close(self):
pass
class MockMemcached(object):
def __init__(self):
self.inbuf = ''
self.outbuf = ''
self.cache = {}
self.down = False
self.exc_on_delete = False
self.read_return_none = False
self.close_called = False
def sendall(self, string):
if self.down:
raise Exception('mock is down')
self.inbuf += string
while '\n' in self.inbuf:
cmd, self.inbuf = self.inbuf.split('\n', 1)
parts = cmd.split()
if parts[0].lower() == 'set':
self.cache[parts[1]] = parts[2], parts[3], \
self.inbuf[:int(parts[4])]
self.inbuf = self.inbuf[int(parts[4]) + 2:]
if len(parts) < 6 or parts[5] != 'noreply':
self.outbuf += 'STORED\r\n'
elif parts[0].lower() == 'add':
value = self.inbuf[:int(parts[4])]
self.inbuf = self.inbuf[int(parts[4]) + 2:]
if parts[1] in self.cache:
if len(parts) < 6 or parts[5] != 'noreply':
self.outbuf += 'NOT_STORED\r\n'
else:
self.cache[parts[1]] = parts[2], parts[3], value
if len(parts) < 6 or parts[5] != 'noreply':
self.outbuf += 'STORED\r\n'
elif parts[0].lower() == 'delete':
if self.exc_on_delete:
raise Exception('mock is has exc_on_delete set')
if parts[1] in self.cache:
del self.cache[parts[1]]
if 'noreply' not in parts:
self.outbuf += 'DELETED\r\n'
elif 'noreply' not in parts:
self.outbuf += 'NOT_FOUND\r\n'
elif parts[0].lower() == 'get':
for key in parts[1:]:
if key in self.cache:
val = self.cache[key]
self.outbuf += 'VALUE %s %s %s\r\n' % (
key, val[0], len(val[2]))
self.outbuf += val[2] + '\r\n'
self.outbuf += 'END\r\n'
elif parts[0].lower() == 'incr':
if parts[1] in self.cache:
val = list(self.cache[parts[1]])
val[2] = str(int(val[2]) + int(parts[2]))
self.cache[parts[1]] = val
self.outbuf += str(val[2]) + '\r\n'
else:
self.outbuf += 'NOT_FOUND\r\n'
elif parts[0].lower() == 'decr':
if parts[1] in self.cache:
val = list(self.cache[parts[1]])
if int(val[2]) - int(parts[2]) > 0:
val[2] = str(int(val[2]) - int(parts[2]))
else:
val[2] = '0'
self.cache[parts[1]] = val
self.outbuf += str(val[2]) + '\r\n'
else:
self.outbuf += 'NOT_FOUND\r\n'
def readline(self):
if self.read_return_none:
return None
if self.down:
raise Exception('mock is down')
if '\n' in self.outbuf:
response, self.outbuf = self.outbuf.split('\n', 1)
return response + '\n'
def read(self, size):
if self.down:
raise Exception('mock is down')
if len(self.outbuf) >= size:
response = self.outbuf[:size]
self.outbuf = self.outbuf[size:]
return response
def close(self):
self.close_called = True
pass
class TestMemcached(unittest.TestCase):
"""Tests for swift.common.memcached"""
def test_get_conns(self):
sock1 = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock1.bind(('127.0.0.1', 0))
sock1.listen(1)
sock1ipport = '%s:%s' % sock1.getsockname()
sock2 = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock2.bind(('127.0.0.1', 0))
sock2.listen(1)
orig_port = memcached.DEFAULT_MEMCACHED_PORT
try:
sock2ip, memcached.DEFAULT_MEMCACHED_PORT = sock2.getsockname()
sock2ipport = '%s:%s' % (sock2ip, memcached.DEFAULT_MEMCACHED_PORT)
# We're deliberately using sock2ip (no port) here to test that the
# default port is used.
memcache_client = memcached.MemcacheRing([sock1ipport, sock2ip])
one = two = True
while one or two: # Run until we match hosts one and two
key = uuid4().hex
for conn in memcache_client._get_conns(key):
peeripport = '%s:%s' % conn[2].getpeername()
self.assertTrue(peeripport in (sock1ipport, sock2ipport))
if peeripport == sock1ipport:
one = False
if peeripport == sock2ipport:
two = False
self.assertEqual(len(memcache_client._errors[sock1ipport]), 0)
self.assertEqual(len(memcache_client._errors[sock2ip]), 0)
finally:
memcached.DEFAULT_MEMCACHED_PORT = orig_port
def test_get_conns_v6(self):
if not socket.has_ipv6:
return
try:
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock.bind(('::1', 0, 0, 0))
sock.listen(1)
sock_addr = sock.getsockname()
server_socket = '[%s]:%s' % (sock_addr[0], sock_addr[1])
memcache_client = memcached.MemcacheRing([server_socket])
key = uuid4().hex
for conn in memcache_client._get_conns(key):
peer_sockaddr = conn[2].getpeername()
peer_socket = '[%s]:%s' % (peer_sockaddr[0], peer_sockaddr[1])
self.assertEqual(peer_socket, server_socket)
self.assertEqual(len(memcache_client._errors[server_socket]), 0)
finally:
sock.close()
def test_get_conns_v6_default(self):
if not socket.has_ipv6:
return
try:
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock.bind(('::1', 0))
sock.listen(1)
sock_addr = sock.getsockname()
server_socket = '[%s]:%s' % (sock_addr[0], sock_addr[1])
server_host = '[%s]' % sock_addr[0]
memcached.DEFAULT_MEMCACHED_PORT = sock_addr[1]
memcache_client = memcached.MemcacheRing([server_host])
key = uuid4().hex
for conn in memcache_client._get_conns(key):
peer_sockaddr = conn[2].getpeername()
peer_socket = '[%s]:%s' % (peer_sockaddr[0], peer_sockaddr[1])
self.assertEqual(peer_socket, server_socket)
self.assertEqual(len(memcache_client._errors[server_host]), 0)
finally:
sock.close()
def test_get_conns_bad_v6(self):
if not socket.has_ipv6:
return
try:
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock.bind(('::1', 0))
sock.listen(1)
sock_addr = sock.getsockname()
# IPv6 address with missing [] is invalid
server_socket = '%s:%s' % (sock_addr[0], sock_addr[1])
memcache_client = memcached.MemcacheRing([server_socket])
key = uuid4().hex
for conn in memcache_client._get_conns(key):
peer_sockaddr = conn[2].getpeername()
peer_socket = '[%s]:%s' % (peer_sockaddr[0], peer_sockaddr[1])
self.assertEqual(peer_socket, server_socket)
# Expect a parsing error when creating the socket
self.assertEqual(len(memcache_client._errors[server_socket]), 1)
finally:
sock.close()
def test_get_conns_hostname(self):
with patch('swift.common.memcached.socket.getaddrinfo') as addrinfo:
try:
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock.bind(('127.0.0.1', 0))
sock.listen(1)
sock_addr = sock.getsockname()
fqdn = socket.getfqdn()
server_socket = '%s:%s' % (fqdn, sock_addr[1])
addrinfo.return_value = [(socket.AF_INET,
socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, '',
('127.0.0.1', sock_addr[1]))]
memcache_client = memcached.MemcacheRing([server_socket])
key = uuid4().hex
for conn in memcache_client._get_conns(key):
peer_sockaddr = conn[2].getpeername()
peer_socket = '%s:%s' % (peer_sockaddr[0],
peer_sockaddr[1])
self.assertEqual(peer_socket,
'127.0.0.1:%d' % sock_addr[1])
self.assertEqual(len(memcache_client._errors[server_socket]),
0)
finally:
sock.close()
def test_get_conns_hostname6(self):
with patch('swift.common.memcached.socket.getaddrinfo') as addrinfo:
try:
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock.bind(('::1', 0))
sock.listen(1)
sock_addr = sock.getsockname()
fqdn = socket.getfqdn()
server_socket = '%s:%s' % (fqdn, sock_addr[1])
addrinfo.return_value = [(socket.AF_INET6,
socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, '',
('::1', sock_addr[1]))]
memcache_client = memcached.MemcacheRing([server_socket])
key = uuid4().hex
for conn in memcache_client._get_conns(key):
peer_sockaddr = conn[2].getpeername()
peer_socket = '[%s]:%s' % (peer_sockaddr[0],
peer_sockaddr[1])
self.assertEqual(peer_socket, '[::1]:%d' % sock_addr[1])
self.assertEqual(len(memcache_client._errors[server_socket]),
0)
finally:
sock.close()
def test_set_get(self):
memcache_client = memcached.MemcacheRing(['1.2.3.4:11211'])
mock = MockMemcached()
memcache_client._client_cache['1.2.3.4:11211'] = MockedMemcachePool(
[(mock, mock)] * 2)
memcache_client.set('some_key', [1, 2, 3])
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.get('some_key'), [1, 2, 3])
self.assertEqual(mock.cache.values()[0][1], '0')
memcache_client.set('some_key', [4, 5, 6])
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.get('some_key'), [4, 5, 6])
memcache_client.set('some_key', ['simple str', 'utf8 str éà'])
# As per http://wiki.openstack.org/encoding,
# we should expect to have unicode
self.assertEqual(
memcache_client.get('some_key'), ['simple str', u'utf8 str éà'])
self.assertTrue(float(mock.cache.values()[0][1]) == 0)
memcache_client.set('some_key', [1, 2, 3], time=20)
self.assertEqual(mock.cache.values()[0][1], '20')
sixtydays = 60 * 24 * 60 * 60
esttimeout = time.time() + sixtydays
memcache_client.set('some_key', [1, 2, 3], time=sixtydays)
self.assertTrue(
-1 <= float(mock.cache.values()[0][1]) - esttimeout <= 1)
def test_incr(self):
memcache_client = memcached.MemcacheRing(['1.2.3.4:11211'])
mock = MockMemcached()
memcache_client._client_cache['1.2.3.4:11211'] = MockedMemcachePool(
[(mock, mock)] * 2)
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.incr('some_key', delta=5), 5)
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.get('some_key'), '5')
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.incr('some_key', delta=5), 10)
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.get('some_key'), '10')
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.incr('some_key', delta=1), 11)
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.get('some_key'), '11')
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.incr('some_key', delta=-5), 6)
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.get('some_key'), '6')
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.incr('some_key', delta=-15), 0)
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.get('some_key'), '0')
mock.read_return_none = True
self.assertRaises(memcached.MemcacheConnectionError,
memcache_client.incr, 'some_key', delta=-15)
self.assertTrue(mock.close_called)
def test_incr_w_timeout(self):
memcache_client = memcached.MemcacheRing(['1.2.3.4:11211'])
mock = MockMemcached()
memcache_client._client_cache['1.2.3.4:11211'] = MockedMemcachePool(
[(mock, mock)] * 2)
memcache_client.incr('some_key', delta=5, time=55)
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.get('some_key'), '5')
self.assertEqual(mock.cache.values()[0][1], '55')
memcache_client.delete('some_key')
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.get('some_key'), None)
fiftydays = 50 * 24 * 60 * 60
esttimeout = time.time() + fiftydays
memcache_client.incr('some_key', delta=5, time=fiftydays)
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.get('some_key'), '5')
self.assertTrue(
-1 <= float(mock.cache.values()[0][1]) - esttimeout <= 1)
memcache_client.delete('some_key')
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.get('some_key'), None)
memcache_client.incr('some_key', delta=5)
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.get('some_key'), '5')
self.assertEqual(mock.cache.values()[0][1], '0')
memcache_client.incr('some_key', delta=5, time=55)
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.get('some_key'), '10')
self.assertEqual(mock.cache.values()[0][1], '0')
def test_decr(self):
memcache_client = memcached.MemcacheRing(['1.2.3.4:11211'])
mock = MockMemcached()
memcache_client._client_cache['1.2.3.4:11211'] = MockedMemcachePool(
[(mock, mock)] * 2)
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.decr('some_key', delta=5), 0)
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.get('some_key'), '0')
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.incr('some_key', delta=15), 15)
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.get('some_key'), '15')
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.decr('some_key', delta=4), 11)
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.get('some_key'), '11')
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.decr('some_key', delta=15), 0)
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.get('some_key'), '0')
mock.read_return_none = True
self.assertRaises(memcached.MemcacheConnectionError,
memcache_client.decr, 'some_key', delta=15)
def test_retry(self):
logging.getLogger().addHandler(NullLoggingHandler())
memcache_client = memcached.MemcacheRing(
['1.2.3.4:11211', '1.2.3.5:11211'])
mock1 = ExplodingMockMemcached()
mock2 = MockMemcached()
memcache_client._client_cache['1.2.3.4:11211'] = MockedMemcachePool(
[(mock2, mock2)])
memcache_client._client_cache['1.2.3.5:11211'] = MockedMemcachePool(
[(mock1, mock1)])
memcache_client.set('some_key', [1, 2, 3])
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.get('some_key'), [1, 2, 3])
self.assertEqual(mock1.exploded, True)
def test_delete(self):
memcache_client = memcached.MemcacheRing(['1.2.3.4:11211'])
mock = MockMemcached()
memcache_client._client_cache['1.2.3.4:11211'] = MockedMemcachePool(
[(mock, mock)] * 2)
memcache_client.set('some_key', [1, 2, 3])
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.get('some_key'), [1, 2, 3])
memcache_client.delete('some_key')
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.get('some_key'), None)
def test_multi(self):
memcache_client = memcached.MemcacheRing(['1.2.3.4:11211'])
mock = MockMemcached()
memcache_client._client_cache['1.2.3.4:11211'] = MockedMemcachePool(
[(mock, mock)] * 2)
memcache_client.set_multi(
{'some_key1': [1, 2, 3], 'some_key2': [4, 5, 6]}, 'multi_key')
self.assertEqual(
memcache_client.get_multi(('some_key2', 'some_key1'), 'multi_key'),
[[4, 5, 6], [1, 2, 3]])
self.assertEqual(mock.cache.values()[0][1], '0')
self.assertEqual(mock.cache.values()[1][1], '0')
memcache_client.set_multi(
{'some_key1': [1, 2, 3], 'some_key2': [4, 5, 6]}, 'multi_key',
time=20)
self.assertEqual(mock.cache.values()[0][1], '20')
self.assertEqual(mock.cache.values()[1][1], '20')
fortydays = 50 * 24 * 60 * 60
esttimeout = time.time() + fortydays
memcache_client.set_multi(
{'some_key1': [1, 2, 3], 'some_key2': [4, 5, 6]}, 'multi_key',
time=fortydays)
self.assertTrue(
-1 <= float(mock.cache.values()[0][1]) - esttimeout <= 1)
self.assertTrue(
-1 <= float(mock.cache.values()[1][1]) - esttimeout <= 1)
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.get_multi(
('some_key2', 'some_key1', 'not_exists'), 'multi_key'),
[[4, 5, 6], [1, 2, 3], None])
def test_serialization(self):
memcache_client = memcached.MemcacheRing(['1.2.3.4:11211'],
allow_pickle=True)
mock = MockMemcached()
memcache_client._client_cache['1.2.3.4:11211'] = MockedMemcachePool(
[(mock, mock)] * 2)
memcache_client.set('some_key', [1, 2, 3])
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.get('some_key'), [1, 2, 3])
memcache_client._allow_pickle = False
memcache_client._allow_unpickle = True
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.get('some_key'), [1, 2, 3])
memcache_client._allow_unpickle = False
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.get('some_key'), None)
memcache_client.set('some_key', [1, 2, 3])
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.get('some_key'), [1, 2, 3])
memcache_client._allow_unpickle = True
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.get('some_key'), [1, 2, 3])
memcache_client._allow_pickle = True
self.assertEqual(memcache_client.get('some_key'), [1, 2, 3])
def test_connection_pooling(self):
with patch('swift.common.memcached.socket') as mock_module:
def mock_getaddrinfo(host, port, family=socket.AF_INET,
socktype=socket.SOCK_STREAM, proto=0,
flags=0):
return [(family, socktype, proto, '', (host, port))]
mock_module.getaddrinfo = mock_getaddrinfo
# patch socket, stub socket.socket, mock sock
mock_sock = mock_module.socket.return_value
# track clients waiting for connections
connected = []
connections = Queue()
errors = []
def wait_connect(addr):
connected.append(addr)
sleep(0.1) # yield
val = connections.get()
if val is not None:
errors.append(val)
mock_sock.connect = wait_connect
memcache_client = memcached.MemcacheRing(['1.2.3.4:11211'],
connect_timeout=10)
# sanity
self.assertEqual(1, len(memcache_client._client_cache))
for server, pool in memcache_client._client_cache.items():
self.assertEqual(2, pool.max_size)
# make 10 requests "at the same time"
p = GreenPool()
for i in range(10):
p.spawn(memcache_client.set, 'key', 'value')
for i in range(3):
sleep(0.1)
self.assertEqual(2, len(connected))
# give out a connection
connections.put(None)
# at this point, only one connection should have actually been
# created, the other is in the creation step, and the rest of the
# clients are not attempting to connect. we let this play out a
# bit to verify.
for i in range(3):
sleep(0.1)
self.assertEqual(2, len(connected))
# finish up, this allows the final connection to be created, so
# that all the other clients can use the two existing connections
# and no others will be created.
connections.put(None)
connections.put('nono')
self.assertEqual(2, len(connected))
p.waitall()
self.assertEqual(2, len(connected))
self.assertEqual(0, len(errors),
"A client was allowed a third connection")
connections.get_nowait()
self.assertTrue(connections.empty())
def test_connection_pool_timeout(self):
orig_conn_pool = memcached.MemcacheConnPool
try:
connections = defaultdict(Queue)
pending = defaultdict(int)
served = defaultdict(int)
class MockConnectionPool(orig_conn_pool):
def get(self):
pending[self.server] += 1
conn = connections[self.server].get()
pending[self.server] -= 1
return conn
def put(self, *args, **kwargs):
connections[self.server].put(*args, **kwargs)
served[self.server] += 1
memcached.MemcacheConnPool = MockConnectionPool
memcache_client = memcached.MemcacheRing(['1.2.3.4:11211',
'1.2.3.5:11211'],
io_timeout=0.5,
pool_timeout=0.1)
# Hand out a couple slow connections to 1.2.3.5, leaving 1.2.3.4
# fast. All ten (10) clients should try to talk to .5 first, and
# then move on to .4, and we'll assert all that below.
mock_conn = MagicMock(), MagicMock()
mock_conn[1].sendall = lambda x: sleep(0.2)
connections['1.2.3.5:11211'].put(mock_conn)
connections['1.2.3.5:11211'].put(mock_conn)
mock_conn = MagicMock(), MagicMock()
connections['1.2.3.4:11211'].put(mock_conn)
connections['1.2.3.4:11211'].put(mock_conn)
p = GreenPool()
for i in range(10):
p.spawn(memcache_client.set, 'key', 'value')
# Wait for the dust to settle.
p.waitall()
self.assertEqual(pending['1.2.3.5:11211'], 8)
self.assertEqual(len(memcache_client._errors['1.2.3.5:11211']), 8)
self.assertEqual(served['1.2.3.5:11211'], 2)
self.assertEqual(pending['1.2.3.4:11211'], 0)
self.assertEqual(len(memcache_client._errors['1.2.3.4:11211']), 0)
self.assertEqual(served['1.2.3.4:11211'], 8)
# and we never got more put in that we gave out
self.assertEqual(connections['1.2.3.5:11211'].qsize(), 2)
self.assertEqual(connections['1.2.3.4:11211'].qsize(), 2)
finally:
memcached.MemcacheConnPool = orig_conn_pool
def test_connection_pool_parser(self):
default = memcached.DEFAULT_MEMCACHED_PORT
addrs = [('1.2.3.4', '1.2.3.4', default),
('1.2.3.4:5000', '1.2.3.4', 5000),
('[dead:beef::1]', 'dead:beef::1', default),
('[dead:beef::1]:5000', 'dead:beef::1', 5000),
('example.com', 'example.com', default),
('example.com:5000', 'example.com', 5000),
('foo.1-2-3.bar.com:5000', 'foo.1-2-3.bar.com', 5000),
('1.2.3.4:10:20', None, None),
('dead:beef::1:5000', None, None)]
for addr, expected_host, expected_port in addrs:
pool = memcached.MemcacheConnPool(addr, 1, 0)
if expected_host:
host, port = pool._get_addr()
self.assertEqual(expected_host, host)
self.assertEqual(expected_port, int(port))
else:
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
pool._get_addr()
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()