diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/conf/base.py b/cloudbaseinit/conf/base.py
index 59cde84d..56c0eb38 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/conf/base.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/conf/base.py
@@ -14,11 +14,8 @@
 
 import abc
 
-import six
 
-
-@six.add_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)
-class Options(object):
+class Options(object, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
 
     """Contact class for all the collections of config options."""
 
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/metadata/services/azureservice.py b/cloudbaseinit/metadata/services/azureservice.py
index eda6751c..17db5a64 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/metadata/services/azureservice.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/metadata/services/azureservice.py
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@
 #    under the License.
 
 import contextlib
+import io
 import os
 import socket
 import time
 from xml.etree import ElementTree
 
 from oslo_log import log as oslo_logging
-import six
 import untangle
 
 from cloudbaseinit import conf as cloudbaseinit_conf
@@ -115,13 +115,13 @@ class AzureService(base.BaseHTTPMetadataService):
                 path, data_xml, headers=all_headers))
 
         if parse_xml:
-            return untangle.parse(six.StringIO(encoding.get_as_string(data)))
+            return untangle.parse(io.StringIO(encoding.get_as_string(data)))
         else:
             return data
 
     @staticmethod
     def _encode_xml(xml_root):
-        bio = six.BytesIO()
+        bio = io.BytesIO()
         ElementTree.ElementTree(xml_root).write(
             bio, encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True)
         return bio.getvalue()
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/metadata/services/base.py b/cloudbaseinit/metadata/services/base.py
index 8f80ec85..1cde6802 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/metadata/services/base.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/metadata/services/base.py
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import time
 
 from oslo_log import log as oslo_logging
 import requests
-import six
 
 from cloudbaseinit import conf as cloudbaseinit_conf
 from cloudbaseinit import exception
@@ -35,8 +34,7 @@ class NotExistingMetadataException(Exception):
     pass
 
 
-@six.add_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)
-class BaseMetadataService(object):
+class BaseMetadataService(object, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
     _GZIP_MAGIC_NUMBER = b'\x1f\x8b'
 
     def __init__(self):
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/metadata/services/cloudstack.py b/cloudbaseinit/metadata/services/cloudstack.py
index 7e3a5235..7418e369 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/metadata/services/cloudstack.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/metadata/services/cloudstack.py
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@
 #    under the License.
 
 import contextlib
+import http.client
 import posixpath
+import urllib
 
 from oslo_log import log as oslo_logging
-from six.moves import http_client
-from six.moves import urllib
 
 from cloudbaseinit import conf as cloudbaseinit_conf
 from cloudbaseinit.metadata.services import base
@@ -131,12 +131,12 @@ class CloudStack(base.BaseHTTPMetadataService):
     def _password_client(self, body=None, headers=None, decode=True):
         """Client for the Password Server."""
         port = CONF.cloudstack.password_server_port
-        with contextlib.closing(http_client.HTTPConnection(
+        with contextlib.closing(http.client.HTTPConnection(
                 self._metadata_host, port, timeout=TIMEOUT)) as connection:
             try:
                 connection.request("GET", "/", body=body, headers=headers)
                 response = connection.getresponse()
-            except http_client.HTTPException as exc:
+            except http.client.HTTPException as exc:
                 LOG.error("Request failed: %s", exc)
                 raise
 
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class CloudStack(base.BaseHTTPMetadataService):
                 content = encoding.get_as_string(content)
 
             if response.status != 200:
-                raise http_client.HTTPException(
+                raise http.client.HTTPException(
                     "%(status)s %(reason)s - %(message)r",
                     {"status": response.status, "reason": response.reason,
                      "message": content})
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/metadata/services/httpservice.py b/cloudbaseinit/metadata/services/httpservice.py
index 33e61f82..a836dd68 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/metadata/services/httpservice.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/metadata/services/httpservice.py
@@ -12,8 +12,9 @@
 #    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
 #    under the License.
 
+from urllib import error
+
 from oslo_log import log as oslo_logging
-from six.moves.urllib import error
 
 from cloudbaseinit import conf as cloudbaseinit_conf
 from cloudbaseinit.metadata.services import base
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/metadata/services/opennebulaservice.py b/cloudbaseinit/metadata/services/opennebulaservice.py
index f182288c..9cf5193b 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/metadata/services/opennebulaservice.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/metadata/services/opennebulaservice.py
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import socket
 import struct
 
 from oslo_log import log as oslo_logging
-import six
 
 from cloudbaseinit.metadata.services import base
 from cloudbaseinit.models import network as network_model
@@ -108,8 +107,7 @@ class OpenNebulaService(base.BaseMetadataService):
         address_chunks = address.split(".")
         gateway_chunks = gateway.split(".")
         netmask_chunks = []
-        for achunk, gchunk in six.moves.zip(
-                address_chunks, gateway_chunks):
+        for achunk, gchunk in zip(address_chunks, gateway_chunks):
             if achunk == gchunk:
                 nchunk = "255"
             else:
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/metadata/services/osconfigdrive/base.py b/cloudbaseinit/metadata/services/osconfigdrive/base.py
index 18341b8a..ada62465 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/metadata/services/osconfigdrive/base.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/metadata/services/osconfigdrive/base.py
@@ -15,11 +15,8 @@
 import abc
 import tempfile
 
-import six
 
-
-@six.add_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)
-class BaseConfigDriveManager(object):
+class BaseConfigDriveManager(object, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
 
     def __init__(self):
         self.target_path = tempfile.mkdtemp()
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/metadata/services/packet.py b/cloudbaseinit/metadata/services/packet.py
index 9b515daf..7bae585c 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/metadata/services/packet.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/metadata/services/packet.py
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@
 
 import json
 import requests
+from urllib import error
 
 from cloudbaseinit import conf as cloudbaseinit_conf
 from cloudbaseinit import exception
 from cloudbaseinit.metadata.services import base
 from oslo_log import log as oslo_logging
-from six.moves.urllib import error
 
 CONF = cloudbaseinit_conf.CONF
 LOG = oslo_logging.getLogger(__name__)
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/osutils/windows.py b/cloudbaseinit/osutils/windows.py
index 5630d212..9b5a62ec 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/osutils/windows.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/osutils/windows.py
@@ -20,12 +20,11 @@ import re
 import struct
 import subprocess
 import time
+import winreg
 
 import netaddr
 from oslo_log import log as oslo_logging
 import pywintypes
-import six
-from six.moves import winreg
 from tzlocal import windows_tz
 import win32api
 from win32com import client
@@ -602,7 +601,7 @@ class WindowsUtils(base.BaseOSUtils):
         sidNameUse = wintypes.DWORD()
 
         ret_val = advapi32.LookupAccountNameW(
-            0, six.text_type(username), sid, ctypes.byref(cbSid), domainName,
+            0, str(username), sid, ctypes.byref(cbSid), domainName,
             ctypes.byref(cchReferencedDomainName), ctypes.byref(sidNameUse))
         if not ret_val:
             raise exception.WindowsCloudbaseInitException(
@@ -613,9 +612,9 @@ class WindowsUtils(base.BaseOSUtils):
     def add_user_to_local_group(self, username, groupname):
 
         lmi = Win32_LOCALGROUP_MEMBERS_INFO_3()
-        lmi.lgrmi3_domainandname = six.text_type(username)
+        lmi.lgrmi3_domainandname = str(username)
 
-        ret_val = netapi32.NetLocalGroupAddMembers(0, six.text_type(groupname),
+        ret_val = netapi32.NetLocalGroupAddMembers(0, str(groupname),
                                                    3, ctypes.pointer(lmi), 1)
 
         if ret_val == self.NERR_GroupNotFound:
@@ -652,9 +651,9 @@ class WindowsUtils(base.BaseOSUtils):
                   {"username": username, "domain": domain})
 
         token = wintypes.HANDLE()
-        ret_val = advapi32.LogonUserW(six.text_type(username),
-                                      six.text_type(domain),
-                                      six.text_type(password),
+        ret_val = advapi32.LogonUserW(str(username),
+                                      str(domain),
+                                      str(password),
                                       logon_type,
                                       self.LOGON32_PROVIDER_DEFAULT,
                                       ctypes.byref(token))
@@ -665,7 +664,7 @@ class WindowsUtils(base.BaseOSUtils):
         if load_profile:
             pi = Win32_PROFILEINFO()
             pi.dwSize = ctypes.sizeof(Win32_PROFILEINFO)
-            pi.lpUserName = six.text_type(username)
+            pi.lpUserName = str(username)
             ret_val = userenv.LoadUserProfileW(token, ctypes.byref(pi))
             if not ret_val:
                 kernel32.CloseHandle(token)
@@ -756,8 +755,7 @@ class WindowsUtils(base.BaseOSUtils):
 
     def set_host_name(self, new_host_name):
         ret_val = kernel32.SetComputerNameExW(
-            self.ComputerNamePhysicalDnsHostname,
-            six.text_type(new_host_name))
+            self.ComputerNamePhysicalDnsHostname, str(new_host_name))
         if not ret_val:
             raise exception.WindowsCloudbaseInitException(
                 "Cannot set host name: %r")
@@ -1394,7 +1392,7 @@ class WindowsUtils(base.BaseOSUtils):
     def get_volume_label(self, drive):
         max_label_size = 261
         label = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(max_label_size)
-        ret_val = kernel32.GetVolumeInformationW(six.text_type(drive), label,
+        ret_val = kernel32.GetVolumeInformationW(str(drive), label,
                                                  max_label_size, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
         if ret_val:
             return label.value
@@ -1404,8 +1402,7 @@ class WindowsUtils(base.BaseOSUtils):
         volume_name = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(max_volume_name_len)
 
         if not kernel32.GetVolumeNameForVolumeMountPointW(
-                six.text_type(mount_point), volume_name,
-                max_volume_name_len):
+                str(mount_point), volume_name, max_volume_name_len):
             if kernel32.GetLastError() in [self.ERROR_INVALID_NAME,
                                            self.ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND]:
                 raise exception.ItemNotFoundException(
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/createuser.py b/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/createuser.py
index 5fed13b8..2032477e 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/createuser.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/createuser.py
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 import abc
 
 from oslo_log import log as oslo_logging
-import six
 
 from cloudbaseinit import conf as cloudbaseinit_conf
 from cloudbaseinit.osutils import factory as osutils_factory
@@ -26,8 +25,7 @@ CONF = cloudbaseinit_conf.CONF
 LOG = oslo_logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-@six.add_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)
-class BaseCreateUserPlugin(base.BasePlugin):
+class BaseCreateUserPlugin(base.BasePlugin, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
     """This is a base class for creating or modifying an user."""
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/userdataplugins/base.py b/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/userdataplugins/base.py
index d675ba29..d9bfe64f 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/userdataplugins/base.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/userdataplugins/base.py
@@ -14,11 +14,8 @@
 
 import abc
 
-import six
 
-
-@six.add_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)
-class BaseUserDataPlugin(object):
+class BaseUserDataPlugin(object, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
 
     def __init__(self, mime_type):
         self._mime_type = mime_type
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/userdataplugins/cloudconfigplugins/base.py b/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/userdataplugins/cloudconfigplugins/base.py
index 4b27f7fc..47c27458 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/userdataplugins/cloudconfigplugins/base.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/userdataplugins/cloudconfigplugins/base.py
@@ -14,11 +14,8 @@
 
 import abc
 
-import six
 
-
-@six.add_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)
-class BaseCloudConfigPlugin(object):
+class BaseCloudConfigPlugin(object, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
     """Base plugin class for cloud-config plugins."""
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/userdataplugins/cloudconfigplugins/groups.py b/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/userdataplugins/cloudconfigplugins/groups.py
index 1186829f..3578c3f2 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/userdataplugins/cloudconfigplugins/groups.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/userdataplugins/cloudconfigplugins/groups.py
@@ -12,8 +12,6 @@
 #    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
 #    under the License.
 
-import six
-
 from oslo_log import log as oslo_logging
 
 from cloudbaseinit import conf as cloudbaseinit_conf
@@ -45,7 +43,7 @@ class GroupsPlugin(base.BaseCloudConfigPlugin):
             group_name = None
             group_users = []
 
-            if isinstance(item, six.string_types):
+            if isinstance(item, str):
                 group_name = item
             elif isinstance(item, dict):
                 try:
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/userdataplugins/cloudconfigplugins/runcmd.py b/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/userdataplugins/cloudconfigplugins/runcmd.py
index 6cd62065..3b747c5e 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/userdataplugins/cloudconfigplugins/runcmd.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/userdataplugins/cloudconfigplugins/runcmd.py
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 #    under the License.
 
 import os
-import six
 
 from oslo_log import log as oslo_logging
 
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ class RunCmdPlugin(base.BaseCloudConfigPlugin):
 
         entries = 0
         for command in commands:
-            if isinstance(command, six.string_types):
+            if isinstance(command, str):
                 script_content += command
             elif isinstance(command, (list, tuple)):
                 subcommand_content = []
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/userdataplugins/cloudconfigplugins/users.py b/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/userdataplugins/cloudconfigplugins/users.py
index ce23c85d..b09aaa74 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/userdataplugins/cloudconfigplugins/users.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/userdataplugins/cloudconfigplugins/users.py
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 import datetime
 import os
 import pytz
-import six
 
 from oslo_log import log as oslo_logging
 
@@ -41,11 +40,11 @@ class UsersPlugin(base.BaseCloudConfigPlugin):
         groups = data.get('groups', None)
         primary_group = data.get('primary_group', None)
         user_groups = []
-        if isinstance(groups, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(groups, str):
                 user_groups.extend(groups.split(', '))
         elif isinstance(groups, (list, tuple)):
                 user_groups.extend(groups)
-        if isinstance(primary_group, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(primary_group, str):
                 user_groups.extend(primary_group.split(', '))
         elif isinstance(primary_group, (list, tuple)):
                 user_groups.extend(primary_group)
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ class UsersPlugin(base.BaseCloudConfigPlugin):
         expiredate = data.get('expiredate', None)
         expire_interval = None
 
-        if isinstance(expiredate, six.string_types):
+        if isinstance(expiredate, str):
             year, month, day = map(int, expiredate.split('-'))
             expiredate = datetime.datetime(year=year, month=month, day=day,
                                            tzinfo=pytz.utc)
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/userdataplugins/cloudconfigplugins/write_files.py b/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/userdataplugins/cloudconfigplugins/write_files.py
index 1ea3cced..8b8c984e 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/userdataplugins/cloudconfigplugins/write_files.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/userdataplugins/cloudconfigplugins/write_files.py
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ import io
 import os
 
 from oslo_log import log as oslo_logging
-import six
 
 from cloudbaseinit import exception
 from cloudbaseinit.plugins.common.userdataplugins.cloudconfigplugins import (
@@ -59,7 +58,7 @@ def _convert_permissions(permissions):
 def _process_content(content, encoding):
     """Decode the content taking into consideration the encoding."""
     result = content
-    if six.PY3 and not isinstance(result, six.binary_type):
+    if not isinstance(result, bytes):
         # At this point, content will be string, which is wrong for Python 3.
         result = result.encode()
 
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/userdataplugins/heat.py b/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/userdataplugins/heat.py
index be8ff454..6f666474 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/userdataplugins/heat.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/plugins/common/userdataplugins/heat.py
@@ -15,8 +15,6 @@
 
 import os
 
-import six
-
 from cloudbaseinit import conf as cloudbaseinit_conf
 from cloudbaseinit.plugins.common.userdataplugins import base
 from cloudbaseinit.plugins.common import userdatautils
@@ -47,6 +45,6 @@ class HeatPlugin(base.BaseUserDataPlugin):
             # Normalize the payload to bytes, since `execute_user_data_script`
             # operates on bytes and `get_payload` returns a string on
             # Python 3.
-            if isinstance(payload, six.text_type):
+            if isinstance(payload, str):
                 payload = payload.encode()
             return userdatautils.execute_user_data_script(payload)
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/plugins/windows/azureguestagent.py b/cloudbaseinit/plugins/windows/azureguestagent.py
index 4a21208a..2a33f1fa 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/plugins/windows/azureguestagent.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/plugins/windows/azureguestagent.py
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@
 import datetime
 import os
 import shutil
+import winreg
 import zipfile
 
 from oslo_log import log as oslo_logging
-from six.moves import winreg
 
 from cloudbaseinit import conf as cloudbaseinit_conf
 from cloudbaseinit import exception
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/osconfigdrive/test_windows.py b/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/osconfigdrive/test_windows.py
index b58f1f3f..7489a0b1 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/osconfigdrive/test_windows.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/osconfigdrive/test_windows.py
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ class TestWindowsConfigDriveManager(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_get_iso_file_size(self):
         self._test_get_iso_file_size()
 
-    @mock.patch("six.moves.builtins.open", new=OPEN)
+    @mock.patch("builtins.open", new=OPEN)
     def test_write_iso_file(self):
         file_path = "fake\\path"
         file_size = 100 * 512
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ class TestWindowsConfigDriveManager(unittest.TestCase):
     @mock.patch('cloudbaseinit.metadata.services.osconfigdrive.windows.'
                 'WindowsConfigDriveManager.'
                 '_extract_iso_from_devices')
-    @mock.patch("six.moves.builtins.map")
+    @mock.patch("builtins.map")
     def test_get_config_drive_from_raw_hdd(self, mock_map,
                                            mock_extract_iso_from_devices):
         Disk = self.conf_module.disk.Disk
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_azureservice.py b/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_azureservice.py
index 63dbb59d..3c78465a 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_azureservice.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_azureservice.py
@@ -37,14 +37,12 @@ class AzureServiceTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self._mock_untangle = mock.MagicMock()
         self._mock_ctypes = mock.MagicMock()
         self._mock_wintypes = mock.MagicMock()
-        self._moves_mock = mock.MagicMock()
 
         self._module_patcher = mock.patch.dict(
             'sys.modules',
             {'untangle': self._mock_untangle,
              'ctypes': self._mock_ctypes,
              'ctypes.wintypes': self._mock_wintypes,
-             'six.moves': self._moves_mock
              })
         self._module_patcher.start()
         self._azureservice_module = importlib.import_module(
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_baseconfigdrive.py b/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_baseconfigdrive.py
index 9a084073..0a23d786 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_baseconfigdrive.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_baseconfigdrive.py
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class TestBaseConfigDriveService(unittest.TestCase):
     @mock.patch('os.path.join')
     def test_get_data(self, mock_join, mock_normpath):
         fake_path = os.path.join('fake', 'path')
-        with mock.patch('six.moves.builtins.open',
+        with mock.patch('builtins.open',
                         mock.mock_open(read_data='fake data'), create=True):
             response = self._config_drive._get_data(fake_path)
             self.assertEqual('fake data', response)
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_cloudstack.py b/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_cloudstack.py
index d171d300..9e730891 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_cloudstack.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_cloudstack.py
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@
 import functools
 import socket
 import unittest
+import urllib
 
 try:
     import unittest.mock as mock
 except ImportError:
     import mock
-from six.moves import urllib
 
 from cloudbaseinit import conf as cloudbaseinit_conf
 from cloudbaseinit.metadata.services import base
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_httpservice.py b/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_httpservice.py
index b216b4b3..eb4ae372 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_httpservice.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_httpservice.py
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@
 
 import os
 import unittest
+from urllib import error
 
 try:
     import unittest.mock as mock
 except ImportError:
     import mock
-from six.moves.urllib import error
 
 from cloudbaseinit import conf as cloudbaseinit_conf
 from cloudbaseinit.metadata.services import base
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_nocloudservice.py b/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_nocloudservice.py
index e94e71c3..5fe1b723 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_nocloudservice.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_nocloudservice.py
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ class TestNoCloudConfigDriveService(unittest.TestCase):
     @mock.patch('os.path.join')
     def test_get_data(self, mock_join, mock_normpath):
         fake_path = os.path.join('fake', 'path')
-        with mock.patch('six.moves.builtins.open',
+        with mock.patch('builtins.open',
                         mock.mock_open(read_data='fake data'), create=True):
             response = self._config_drive._get_data(fake_path)
             self.assertEqual('fake data', response)
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_opennebulaservice.py b/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_opennebulaservice.py
index d35a855f..58390211 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_opennebulaservice.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_opennebulaservice.py
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ class _TestOpenNebulaService(unittest.TestCase):
         self._service = opennebulaservice.OpenNebulaService()
 
 
-@mock.patch("six.moves.builtins.open", new=OPEN)
+@mock.patch("builtins.open", new=OPEN)
 class TestOpenNebulaService(_TestOpenNebulaService):
 
     @classmethod
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_ovfservice.py b/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_ovfservice.py
index 3163fac9..4008fa2e 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_ovfservice.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_ovfservice.py
@@ -37,14 +37,12 @@ class OvfServiceTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self._mock_untangle = mock.MagicMock()
         self._mock_ctypes = mock.MagicMock()
         self._mock_wintypes = mock.MagicMock()
-        self._moves_mock = mock.MagicMock()
 
         self._module_patcher = mock.patch.dict(
             'sys.modules',
             {'untangle': self._mock_untangle,
              'ctypes': self._mock_ctypes,
              'ctypes.wintypes': self._mock_wintypes,
-             'six.moves': self._moves_mock
              })
         self._module_patcher.start()
         self._ovfservice_module = importlib.import_module(
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_packet.py b/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_packet.py
index da135401..2f59e565 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_packet.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/tests/metadata/services/test_packet.py
@@ -14,14 +14,13 @@
 
 import importlib
 import unittest
+from urllib import error
 
 try:
     import unittest.mock as mock
 except ImportError:
     import mock
 
-from six.moves.urllib import error
-
 from cloudbaseinit import conf as cloudbaseinit_conf
 from cloudbaseinit import exception
 from cloudbaseinit.tests import testutils
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/tests/osutils/test_windows.py b/cloudbaseinit/tests/osutils/test_windows.py
index a9eec533..d07af362 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/tests/osutils/test_windows.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/tests/osutils/test_windows.py
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ try:
     import unittest.mock as mock
 except ImportError:
     import mock
-import six
 
 from cloudbaseinit import conf as cloudbaseinit_conf
 from cloudbaseinit import exception
@@ -66,7 +65,7 @@ class TestWindowsUtils(testutils.CloudbaseInitTestBase):
         self._mi_mock = mock.MagicMock()
         self._wmi_mock = mock.MagicMock()
         self._wmi_mock.x_wmi = WMIError
-        self._moves_mock = mock.MagicMock()
+        self._winreg_mock = mock.MagicMock()
         self._xmlrpc_client_mock = mock.MagicMock()
         self._ctypes_mock = mock.MagicMock()
         self._tzlocal_mock = mock.Mock()
@@ -86,12 +85,12 @@ class TestWindowsUtils(testutils.CloudbaseInitTestBase):
              'winerror': self._winerror_mock,
              'mi': self._mi_mock,
              'wmi': self._wmi_mock,
-             'six.moves': self._moves_mock,
-             'six.moves.xmlrpc_client': self._xmlrpc_client_mock,
+             'xmlrpc.client': self._xmlrpc_client_mock,
              'ctypes': self._ctypes_mock,
              'pywintypes': self._pywintypes_mock,
              'tzlocal': self._tzlocal_mock,
-             'winioctlcon': mock.MagicMock()})
+             'winioctlcon': mock.MagicMock(),
+             'winreg': self._winreg_mock})
         _module_patcher.start()
         self.addCleanup(_module_patcher.stop)
 
@@ -100,7 +99,6 @@ class TestWindowsUtils(testutils.CloudbaseInitTestBase):
         with mock.patch("cloudbaseinit.utils.windows.disk.GUID"):
             self.windows_utils = importlib.import_module(module_path)
 
-        self._winreg_mock = self._moves_mock.winreg
         self._windll_mock = self._ctypes_mock.windll
         self._wintypes_mock = self._ctypes_mock.wintypes
         self._client_mock = self._win32com_mock.client
@@ -322,7 +320,7 @@ class TestWindowsUtils(testutils.CloudbaseInitTestBase):
             response = self._winutils._get_user_sid_and_domain(self._USERNAME)
 
             advapi32.LookupAccountNameW.assert_called_with(
-                0, six.text_type(self._USERNAME), sid,
+                0, str(self._USERNAME), sid,
                 self._ctypes_mock.byref(cbSid), domainName,
                 self._ctypes_mock.byref(cchReferencedDomainName),
                 self._ctypes_mock.byref(sidNameUse))
@@ -369,12 +367,11 @@ class TestWindowsUtils(testutils.CloudbaseInitTestBase):
                                                    group_name)
 
             netapi32.NetLocalGroupAddMembers.assert_called_with(
-                0, six.text_type(group_name), 3,
+                0, str(group_name), 3,
                 self._ctypes_mock.pointer.return_value, 1)
 
             self._ctypes_mock.pointer.assert_called_once_with(lmi)
-            self.assertEqual(lmi.lgrmi3_domainandname,
-                             six.text_type(self._USERNAME))
+            self.assertEqual(lmi.lgrmi3_domainandname, str(self._USERNAME))
 
     def test_add_user_to_local_group_no_error(self):
         self._test_add_user_to_local_group(ret_value=0)
@@ -567,7 +564,7 @@ class TestWindowsUtils(testutils.CloudbaseInitTestBase):
 
         mock_SetComputerNameExW.assert_called_with(
             self._winutils.ComputerNamePhysicalDnsHostname,
-            six.text_type('fake name'))
+            str('fake name'))
 
     def test_set_host_name(self):
         self._test_set_host_name(ret_value='fake response')
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/tests/plugins/common/test_mtu.py b/cloudbaseinit/tests/plugins/common/test_mtu.py
index 2df40c40..75df0739 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/tests/plugins/common/test_mtu.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/tests/plugins/common/test_mtu.py
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ try:
     import unittest.mock as mock
 except ImportError:
     import mock
-import six
 
 from cloudbaseinit.plugins.common import base
 from cloudbaseinit.plugins.common import mtu
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ class MTUPluginTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertFalse(mock_get_os_utils().set_network_mtu.called)
 
     def test_execute_success(self, mock_get_os_utils):
-        dhcp_options = {dhcp.OPTION_MTU: six.b("\x00\x04")}
+        dhcp_options = {dhcp.OPTION_MTU: "\x00\x04".encode("latin-1")}
 
         self._test_execute(mock_get_os_utils,
                            dhcp_options=dhcp_options)
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/tests/plugins/windows/test_azureguestagent.py b/cloudbaseinit/tests/plugins/windows/test_azureguestagent.py
index 51499ceb..e7b28e40 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/tests/plugins/windows/test_azureguestagent.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/tests/plugins/windows/test_azureguestagent.py
@@ -35,17 +35,16 @@ class AzureGuestAgentPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
         self.mock_wmi = mock.MagicMock()
-        self._moves_mock = mock.MagicMock()
+        self._winreg_mock = mock.MagicMock()
         patcher = mock.patch.dict(
             "sys.modules",
             {
                 "wmi": self.mock_wmi,
-                "six.moves": self._moves_mock
+                "winreg": self._winreg_mock
             }
         )
         patcher.start()
         self.addCleanup(patcher.stop)
-        self._winreg_mock = self._moves_mock.winreg
         self._azureguestagent = importlib.import_module(MODPATH)
         self._azureagentplugin = self._azureguestagent.AzureGuestAgentPlugin()
         self.snatcher = testutils.LogSnatcher(MODPATH)
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/tests/plugins/windows/test_bootconfig.py b/cloudbaseinit/tests/plugins/windows/test_bootconfig.py
index 82858ed3..3055c90d 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/tests/plugins/windows/test_bootconfig.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/tests/plugins/windows/test_bootconfig.py
@@ -33,12 +33,10 @@ class BootConfigPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
         self.mock_wmi = mock.MagicMock()
-        self._moves_mock = mock.MagicMock()
         patcher = mock.patch.dict(
             "sys.modules",
             {
                 "wmi": self.mock_wmi,
-                "six.moves": self._moves_mock,
                 'ctypes': mock.MagicMock(),
                 'ctypes.windll': mock.MagicMock(),
                 'ctypes.wintypes': mock.MagicMock(),
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/tests/plugins/windows/test_rdp.py b/cloudbaseinit/tests/plugins/windows/test_rdp.py
index 27ff8664..783125ec 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/tests/plugins/windows/test_rdp.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/tests/plugins/windows/test_rdp.py
@@ -32,12 +32,12 @@ class RDPPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
         self.mock_wmi = mock.MagicMock()
-        self._moves_mock = mock.MagicMock()
+        self._winreg_mock = mock.MagicMock()
         patcher = mock.patch.dict(
             "sys.modules",
             {
                 "wmi": self.mock_wmi,
-                "six.moves": self._moves_mock
+                "winreg": self._winreg_mock
             }
         )
         patcher.start()
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/tests/plugins/windows/test_winrmcertificateauth.py b/cloudbaseinit/tests/plugins/windows/test_winrmcertificateauth.py
index 5a796efe..3038f4d6 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/tests/plugins/windows/test_winrmcertificateauth.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/tests/plugins/windows/test_winrmcertificateauth.py
@@ -32,19 +32,17 @@ class ConfigWinRMCertificateAuthPluginTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self._ctypes_mock = mock.MagicMock()
         self._win32com_mock = mock.MagicMock()
         self._pywintypes_mock = mock.MagicMock()
-        self._moves_mock = mock.MagicMock()
+        self._winreg_mock = mock.MagicMock()
 
         self._module_patcher = mock.patch.dict(
             'sys.modules',
             {'ctypes': self._ctypes_mock,
              'win32com': self._win32com_mock,
              'pywintypes': self._pywintypes_mock,
-             'six.moves': self._moves_mock})
+             'winreg': self._winreg_mock})
 
         self._module_patcher.start()
 
-        self._winreg_mock = self._moves_mock.winreg
-
         self.winrmcert = importlib.import_module(
             'cloudbaseinit.plugins.windows.winrmcertificateauth')
         self._certif_auth = self.winrmcert.ConfigWinRMCertificateAuthPlugin()
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/tests/plugins/windows/test_winrmlistener.py b/cloudbaseinit/tests/plugins/windows/test_winrmlistener.py
index 22092f01..362b642b 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/tests/plugins/windows/test_winrmlistener.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/tests/plugins/windows/test_winrmlistener.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class ConfigWinRMListenerPluginTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self._mock_wintypes = mock.MagicMock()
         self._mock_pywintypes = mock.MagicMock()
         self._mock_win32 = mock.MagicMock()
-        self._moves_mock = mock.MagicMock()
+        self._winreg_mock = mock.MagicMock()
 
         self._module_patcher = mock.patch.dict(
             'sys.modules',
@@ -41,10 +41,9 @@ class ConfigWinRMListenerPluginTests(unittest.TestCase):
              'ctypes.wintypes': self._mock_wintypes,
              'pywintypes': self._mock_pywintypes,
              'win32com': self._mock_win32,
-             'six.moves': self._moves_mock
+             'winreg': self._winreg_mock
              })
         self._module_patcher.start()
-        self._winreg_mock = self._moves_mock.winreg
 
         winrmlistener = importlib.import_module('cloudbaseinit.plugins.'
                                                 'windows.winrmlistener')
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/tests/test_version.py b/cloudbaseinit/tests/test_version.py
index 4108f1e6..94225e34 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/tests/test_version.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/tests/test_version.py
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import importlib
 import unittest
 
 import mock
-import six
 
 from cloudbaseinit.tests import testutils
 
@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ class TestVersion(unittest.TestCase):
         result = self.version._read_url(mock_url)
 
         headers = {'User-Agent': self.version._PRODUCT_NAME}
-        mock_get.assert_called_once_with(mock_url, verify=six.PY3,
+        mock_get.assert_called_once_with(mock_url, verify=True,
                                          headers=headers)
         request = mock_get.return_value
         request.raise_for_status.assert_called_once_with()
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/tests/utils/test_network.py b/cloudbaseinit/tests/utils/test_network.py
index b99469d6..bd8d9b56 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/tests/utils/test_network.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/tests/utils/test_network.py
@@ -29,14 +29,14 @@ CONF = cloudbaseinit_conf.CONF
 
 class NetworkUtilsTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
-    @mock.patch('six.moves.urllib.request.urlopen')
+    @mock.patch('urllib.request.urlopen')
     def test_check_url(self, mock_url_open):
         mock_url_open.return_value = None
         self.assertTrue(network.check_url("fake_url"))
 
     @mock.patch('sys.platform', new='win32')
     @mock.patch('cloudbaseinit.osutils.factory.get_os_utils')
-    @mock.patch('six.moves.urllib.parse.urlparse')
+    @mock.patch('urllib.parse.urlparse')
     def _test_check_metadata_ip_route(self, mock_urlparse, mock_get_os_utils,
                                       side_effect):
         mock_utils = mock.MagicMock()
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/tests/utils/windows/storage/test_wsm_storage_manager.py b/cloudbaseinit/tests/utils/windows/storage/test_wsm_storage_manager.py
index a0c2babc..83bd3362 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/tests/utils/windows/storage/test_wsm_storage_manager.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/tests/utils/windows/storage/test_wsm_storage_manager.py
@@ -31,15 +31,14 @@ class TestWSMStorageManager(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         self._mock_ctypes = mock.MagicMock()
         self.mock_wmi = mock.MagicMock()
-        self._moves_mock = mock.MagicMock()
-        self._winreg_mock = self._moves_mock.winreg
+        self._winreg_mock = mock.MagicMock()
         self._kernel32_mock = mock.MagicMock()
 
         patcher = mock.patch.dict(
             "sys.modules",
             {
                 "wmi": self.mock_wmi,
-                "six.moves": self._moves_mock,
+                "winreg": self._winreg_mock,
                 "ctypes": self._mock_ctypes,
                 "oslo_log": mock.MagicMock()
             }
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/tests/utils/windows/test_network.py b/cloudbaseinit/tests/utils/windows/test_network.py
index 56f7cf51..9940cb3c 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/tests/utils/windows/test_network.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/tests/utils/windows/test_network.py
@@ -27,12 +27,12 @@ class WindowsNetworkUtilsTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
         self._ctypes_mock = mock.MagicMock()
-        self._moves_mock = mock.MagicMock()
+        self._winreg_mock = mock.MagicMock()
 
         self._module_patcher = mock.patch.dict(
             'sys.modules',
             {'ctypes': self._ctypes_mock,
-             'six.moves': self._moves_mock})
+             'winreg': self._winreg_mock})
 
         self._module_patcher.start()
 
@@ -89,10 +89,10 @@ class WindowsNetworkUtilsTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def _test_get_registry_dhcp_server(self, dhcp_server, exception=None):
         fake_adapter = mock.sentinel.fake_adapter_name
-        self._moves_mock.winreg.QueryValueEx.return_value = [dhcp_server]
+        self._winreg_mock.QueryValueEx.return_value = [dhcp_server]
 
         if exception:
-            self._moves_mock.winreg.QueryValueEx.side_effect = [exception]
+            self._winreg_mock.QueryValueEx.side_effect = [exception]
 
             if exception.errno != 2:
                 self.assertRaises(cbinit_exception.CloudbaseInitException,
@@ -105,14 +105,14 @@ class WindowsNetworkUtilsTests(unittest.TestCase):
             else:
                 self.assertEqual(dhcp_server, response)
 
-            self._moves_mock.winreg.OpenKey.assert_called_once_with(
-                self._moves_mock.winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
+            self._winreg_mock.OpenKey.assert_called_once_with(
+                self._winreg_mock.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
                 "SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\Tcpip\\Parameters\\"
                 "Interfaces\\%s" % fake_adapter, 0,
-                self._moves_mock.winreg.KEY_READ)
+                self._winreg_mock.KEY_READ)
 
-            self._moves_mock.winreg.QueryValueEx.assert_called_once_with(
-                self._moves_mock.winreg.OpenKey.return_value.__enter__(),
+            self._winreg_mock.QueryValueEx.assert_called_once_with(
+                self._winreg_mock.OpenKey.return_value.__enter__(),
                 "DhcpServer")
 
     def test_get_registry_dhcp_server(self):
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/tests/utils/windows/test_rdp.py b/cloudbaseinit/tests/utils/windows/test_rdp.py
index 7be255b3..679677b9 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/tests/utils/windows/test_rdp.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/tests/utils/windows/test_rdp.py
@@ -31,12 +31,11 @@ class RdpTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
         self._wmi_mock = mock.MagicMock()
-        self._moves_mock = mock.MagicMock()
+        self._winreg_mock = mock.MagicMock()
         self._module_patcher = mock.patch.dict(
             'sys.modules', {
                 'wmi': self._wmi_mock,
-                'six.moves': self._moves_mock})
-        self._winreg_mock = self._moves_mock.winreg
+                'winreg': self._winreg_mock})
         self.snatcher = testutils.LogSnatcher(MODPATH)
         self._module_patcher.start()
         self.rdp = importlib.import_module(MODPATH)
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/tests/utils/windows/test_security.py b/cloudbaseinit/tests/utils/windows/test_security.py
index 01c3ff91..c01b1009 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/tests/utils/windows/test_security.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/tests/utils/windows/test_security.py
@@ -26,14 +26,13 @@ from cloudbaseinit.tests import testutils
 class WindowsSecurityUtilsTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
-        self._moves_mock = mock.MagicMock()
+        self._winreg_mock = mock.MagicMock()
 
         self._module_patcher = mock.patch.dict(
             'sys.modules',
-            {'six.moves': self._moves_mock})
+            {'winreg': self._winreg_mock})
 
         self._module_patcher.start()
-        self._winreg_mock = self._moves_mock.winreg
 
         self.security = importlib.import_module(
             "cloudbaseinit.utils.windows.security")
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/tests/utils/windows/test_timezone.py b/cloudbaseinit/tests/utils/windows/test_timezone.py
index 8478c583..1aff9037 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/tests/utils/windows/test_timezone.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/tests/utils/windows/test_timezone.py
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ class FakeWindowsError(Exception):
 class TestTimezone(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
-        self._mock_moves = mock.MagicMock()
         self._mock_winreg = mock.Mock()
         self._mock_ctypes = mock.Mock()
         self._mock_win32security = mock.Mock()
@@ -42,11 +41,10 @@ class TestTimezone(unittest.TestCase):
         self._module_patcher = mock.patch.dict(
             'sys.modules',
             {'ctypes': self._mock_ctypes,
-             'six.moves': self._mock_moves,
+             'winreg': self._mock_winreg,
              'win32process': self._mock_win32process,
              'win32security': self._mock_win32security})
         self._module_patcher.start()
-        self._mock_moves.winreg = self._mock_winreg
         self._timezone_module = importlib.import_module(
             'cloudbaseinit.utils.windows.timezone')
         self._timezone_module.WindowsError = FakeWindowsError
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/tests/utils/windows/test_x509.py b/cloudbaseinit/tests/utils/windows/test_x509.py
index 55711392..a604ab1c 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/tests/utils/windows/test_x509.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/tests/utils/windows/test_x509.py
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 #    under the License.
 
 import importlib
-import six
 import unittest
 
 try:
@@ -231,7 +230,7 @@ class CryptoAPICertManagerTests(unittest.TestCase):
             mock_CertOpenStore.assert_called_with(
                 self.x509.cryptoapi.CERT_STORE_PROV_SYSTEM, 0, 0,
                 self.x509.cryptoapi.CERT_SYSTEM_STORE_LOCAL_MACHINE,
-                six.text_type(self.x509.STORE_NAME_MY))
+                str(self.x509.STORE_NAME_MY))
             mock_get_cert_thumprint.assert_called_once_with(
                 mock_CertCreateSelfSignCertificate())
             mock_add_system_time_interval.assert_has_calls(
@@ -396,7 +395,7 @@ class CryptoAPICertManagerTests(unittest.TestCase):
             mock_CertOpenStore.assert_called_with(
                 self.x509.cryptoapi.CERT_STORE_PROV_SYSTEM, 0, 0,
                 self.x509.cryptoapi.CERT_SYSTEM_STORE_LOCAL_MACHINE,
-                six.text_type(self.x509.STORE_NAME_MY))
+                str(self.x509.STORE_NAME_MY))
 
             mock_CertAddEncodedCertificateToStore.assert_called_with(
                 mock_CertOpenStore(),
@@ -510,7 +509,7 @@ class CryptoAPICertManagerTests(unittest.TestCase):
                     flags = mock.sentinel.current_user
                 mock_cert_open_store.assert_called_once_with(
                     mock.sentinel.store_prov_system, 0, 0, flags,
-                    six.text_type(self.x509.STORE_NAME_MY))
+                    str(self.x509.STORE_NAME_MY))
                 if store_handle:
                     mock_add_cert_store.assert_called_once_with(
                         mock_cert_open_store.return_value, cert_context_p,
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/utils/debiface.py b/cloudbaseinit/utils/debiface.py
index 4c4c26a1..6ef5cb2b 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/utils/debiface.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/utils/debiface.py
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 import re
 
 from oslo_log import log as oslo_logging
-import six
 
 from cloudbaseinit.models import network as network_model
 
@@ -109,7 +108,7 @@ def _add_nic(iface, nics):
 
 def parse(data):
     """Parse the received content and obtain network details."""
-    if not data or not isinstance(data, six.string_types):
+    if not data or not isinstance(data, str):
         LOG.error("Invalid Debian config to parse:\n%s", data)
         return
 
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/utils/encoding.py b/cloudbaseinit/utils/encoding.py
index 17435f42..6d1c6a3d 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/utils/encoding.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/utils/encoding.py
@@ -12,8 +12,6 @@
 #    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
 #    under the License.
 
-import six
-
 from oslo_log import log as oslo_logging
 
 
@@ -21,7 +19,7 @@ LOG = oslo_logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 def get_as_string(value):
-    if value is None or isinstance(value, six.text_type):
+    if value is None or isinstance(value, str):
         return value
     else:
         try:
@@ -33,7 +31,7 @@ def get_as_string(value):
 
 
 def write_file(target_path, data, mode='wb'):
-    if isinstance(data, six.text_type) and 'b' in mode:
+    if isinstance(data, str) and 'b' in mode:
         data = data.encode()
 
     with open(target_path, mode) as f:
@@ -41,7 +39,4 @@ def write_file(target_path, data, mode='wb'):
 
 
 def hex_to_bytes(value):
-    if six.PY2:
-        return value.decode("hex")
-    else:
-        return bytes.fromhex(value)
+    return bytes.fromhex(value)
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/utils/log.py b/cloudbaseinit/utils/log.py
index da4d9f42..20ff1af4 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/utils/log.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/utils/log.py
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 
 import logging
 import serial
-import six
 
 from oslo_log import formatters
 from oslo_log import log
@@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ def _safe_write(function):
     """Avoid issues related to unicode strings handling."""
     def _wrapper(message):
         # Unicode strings are not properly handled by the serial module
-        if isinstance(message, six.text_type):
+        if isinstance(message, str):
             function(message.encode("utf-8"))
         else:
             function(message)
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/utils/network.py b/cloudbaseinit/utils/network.py
index c312f611..9886dfe3 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/utils/network.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/utils/network.py
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ import netaddr
 import socket
 import struct
 import sys
+from urllib import parse
+from urllib import request
 
 from oslo_log import log as oslo_logging
-from six.moves.urllib import parse
-from six.moves.urllib import request
 
 from cloudbaseinit.osutils import factory as osutils_factory
 
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/utils/network_team.py b/cloudbaseinit/utils/network_team.py
index 3fdc4b17..6d77688d 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/utils/network_team.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/utils/network_team.py
@@ -14,11 +14,8 @@
 
 import abc
 
-import six
 
-
-@six.add_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)
-class BaseNetworkTeamManager(object):
+class BaseNetworkTeamManager(object, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
     @abc.abstractmethod
     def create_team(self, team_name, mode, load_balancing_algorithm,
                     members, mac_address, primary_nic_name=None,
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/utils/template_engine/base_template.py b/cloudbaseinit/utils/template_engine/base_template.py
index 0a8ec31e..778d7cec 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/utils/template_engine/base_template.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/utils/template_engine/base_template.py
@@ -14,11 +14,9 @@
 
 import abc
 import re
-import six
 
 
-@six.add_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)
-class BaseTemplateEngine(object):
+class BaseTemplateEngine(object, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
     def __init__(self):
         self._template_matcher = re.compile(r"##\s*template:(.*)", re.I)
 
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/disk.py b/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/disk.py
index f55a5b86..b257866b 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/disk.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/disk.py
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ from ctypes import wintypes
 import random
 import re
 
-import six
 import winioctlcon
 
 from cloudbaseinit import exception
@@ -146,8 +145,7 @@ class Win32_DRIVE_LAYOUT_INFORMATION_EX(ctypes.Structure):
     ]
 
 
-@six.add_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)
-class BaseDevice(object):
+class BaseDevice(object, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
     """Base class for devices like disks and partitions.
 
     It has common methods for getting physical disk geometry,
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/network.py b/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/network.py
index 4d8f36e8..0ce2c72e 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/network.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/network.py
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
 #    under the License.
 
 import ctypes
+import winreg
 
 from ctypes import wintypes
-from six.moves import winreg
 
 from cloudbaseinit import exception
 from cloudbaseinit.utils.windows import iphlpapi
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/rdp.py b/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/rdp.py
index b53e8676..5ed1a0ec 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/rdp.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/rdp.py
@@ -12,8 +12,9 @@
 #    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
 #    under the License.
 
+import winreg
+
 from oslo_log import log as oslo_logging
-from six.moves import winreg
 
 from cloudbaseinit import exception
 from cloudbaseinit.utils.windows import wmi_loader
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/security.py b/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/security.py
index aa950a52..bcc018c6 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/security.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/security.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
 #    under the License.
 
-from six.moves import winreg
+import winreg
 
 
 class WindowsSecurityUtils(object):
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/storage/base.py b/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/storage/base.py
index 19dffe44..a5daacb0 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/storage/base.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/storage/base.py
@@ -14,16 +14,13 @@
 
 import abc
 
-import six
-
 SAN_POLICY_UNKNOWN = 0
 SAN_POLICY_ONLINE = 1
 SAN_POLICY_OFFLINE_SHARED = 2
 SAN_POLICY_OFFLINE = 3
 
 
-@six.add_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)
-class BaseStorageManager(object):
+class BaseStorageManager(object, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
     def extend_volumes(self, volume_indexes=None):
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/storage/wsm_storage_manager.py b/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/storage/wsm_storage_manager.py
index 7a494afa..f0419178 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/storage/wsm_storage_manager.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/storage/wsm_storage_manager.py
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
 #    under the License.
 
 import ctypes
+import winreg
 
 from oslo_log import log as oslo_logging
-from six.moves import winreg
 
 from cloudbaseinit import exception
 from cloudbaseinit.utils.windows import kernel32
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/timezone.py b/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/timezone.py
index 14aa913e..c961f1f5 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/timezone.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/timezone.py
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ import ctypes
 from ctypes import wintypes
 import os
 import struct
+import winreg
 
-from six.moves import winreg
 import win32security
 
 from cloudbaseinit import exception
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/x509.py b/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/x509.py
index ce6d75b2..12339261 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/x509.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/utils/windows/x509.py
@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@ import ctypes
 from ctypes import wintypes
 import uuid
 
-import six
-
 from cloudbaseinit.utils import encoding
 from cloudbaseinit.utils.windows import cryptoapi
 from cloudbaseinit.utils import x509constants
@@ -226,8 +224,7 @@ class CryptoAPICertManager(object):
                 flags = cryptoapi.CERT_SYSTEM_STORE_CURRENT_USER
 
             store_handle = cryptoapi.CertOpenStore(
-                cryptoapi.CERT_STORE_PROV_SYSTEM, 0, 0, flags,
-                six.text_type(store_name))
+                cryptoapi.CERT_STORE_PROV_SYSTEM, 0, 0, flags, str(store_name))
             if not store_handle:
                 raise cryptoapi.CryptoAPIException()
 
@@ -297,8 +294,7 @@ class CryptoAPICertManager(object):
                 flags |= cryptoapi.CERT_SYSTEM_STORE_CURRENT_USER
 
             store_handle = cryptoapi.CertOpenStore(
-                cryptoapi.CERT_STORE_PROV_SYSTEM, 0, 0, flags,
-                six.text_type(store_name))
+                cryptoapi.CERT_STORE_PROV_SYSTEM, 0, 0, flags, str(store_name))
             if not store_handle:
                 raise cryptoapi.CryptoAPIException()
 
@@ -364,8 +360,7 @@ class CryptoAPICertManager(object):
                 flags = cryptoapi.CERT_SYSTEM_STORE_CURRENT_USER
 
             store_handle = cryptoapi.CertOpenStore(
-                cryptoapi.CERT_STORE_PROV_SYSTEM, 0, 0, flags,
-                six.text_type(store_name))
+                cryptoapi.CERT_STORE_PROV_SYSTEM, 0, 0, flags, str(store_name))
             if not store_handle:
                 raise cryptoapi.CryptoAPIException()
 
@@ -500,8 +495,7 @@ class CryptoAPICertManager(object):
                 flags = cryptoapi.CERT_SYSTEM_STORE_CURRENT_USER
 
             store_handle = cryptoapi.CertOpenStore(
-                cryptoapi.CERT_STORE_PROV_SYSTEM, 0, 0, flags,
-                six.text_type(store_name))
+                cryptoapi.CERT_STORE_PROV_SYSTEM, 0, 0, flags, str(store_name))
             if not store_handle:
                 raise cryptoapi.CryptoAPIException()
 
diff --git a/cloudbaseinit/version.py b/cloudbaseinit/version.py
index 025ceb85..3cc76f45 100644
--- a/cloudbaseinit/version.py
+++ b/cloudbaseinit/version.py
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ import threading
 from oslo_log import log as oslo_logging
 import pbr.version
 import requests
-import six
 
 
 _UPDATE_CHECK_URL = 'https://www.cloudbase.it/checkupdates.php?p={0}&v={1}'
@@ -27,9 +26,7 @@ LOG = oslo_logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 def _read_url(url):
-    # Disable certificate verification on Python 2 as
-    # requests' CA list is incomplete. Works fine on Python3.
-    req = requests.get(url, verify=six.PY3,
+    req = requests.get(url, verify=True,
                        headers={'User-Agent': _PRODUCT_NAME})
     req.raise_for_status()
     if req.text:
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index c53d37aa..79adbc62 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ netaddr>=0.7.6
 pyserial
 oslo.config
 oslo.log
-six>=1.7.0
 Babel>=1.3
 oauthlib
 netifaces