Alexander Malashenko 5cb4e21d93 Rename Dell EMC to Dell

cinder/docs directory has a references to the Dell EMC company name.
Rename all Dell EMC references to Dell, except for those references where there are paths.
When the user will read the documentation he will see the new company name.
These changes are due to the company’s rebranding.

Closes-Bug: #1970208
Change-Id: I60e06b1b42974ce7ef4d790f050d706dc1a8a7a3

2022-04-25 07:28:45 -07:00

39 KiB

Raw Blame History

Dell VNX driver

EMC VNX driver interacts with configured VNX array. It supports both iSCSI and FC protocol.

The VNX cinder driver performs the volume operations by executing Navisphere CLI (NaviSecCLI) which is a command-line interface used for management, diagnostics, and reporting functions for VNX. It also supports both iSCSI and FC protocol.

System requirements

VNX Operational Environment for Block version 5.32 or higher.
VNX Snapshot and Thin Provisioning license should be activated for VNX.
Python library storops version 0.5.7 or higher to interact with VNX.
Navisphere CLI v7.32 or higher is installed along with the driver.

Supported operations

Create, delete, attach, and detach volumes.
Create, list, and delete volume snapshots.
Create a volume from a snapshot.
Copy an image to a volume.
Clone a volume.
Extend a volume.
Migrate a volume.
Retype a volume.
Get volume statistics.
Create and delete consistency groups.
Create, list, and delete consistency group snapshots.
Modify consistency groups.
Efficient non-disruptive volume backup.
Create a cloned consistency group.
Create a consistency group from consistency group snapshots.
Replication v2.1 support.
Generic Group support.
Revert a volume to a snapshot.

Preparation

This section contains instructions to prepare the Block Storage nodes to use the EMC VNX driver. You should install the Navisphere CLI and ensure you have correct zoning configurations.

Install Navisphere CLI

Navisphere CLI needs to be installed on all Block Storage nodes within an OpenStack deployment. You need to download different versions for different platforms:

For Ubuntu x64, DEB is available at EMC OpenStack Github.
For all other variants of Linux, Navisphere CLI is available at Downloads for VNX2 Series or Downloads for VNX1 Series.

Install Python library storops

storops is a Python library that interacts with VNX array through Navisphere CLI. Use the following command to install the storops library:

$ pip install storops

Check array software

Make sure your have the following software installed for certain features:

Feature	Software Required
All	ThinProvisioning
All	VNXSnapshots
FAST cache support	FASTCache
Create volume with type `compressed`	Compression
Create volume with type `deduplicated`	Deduplication

Required software

You can check the status of your array software in the Software page of Storage System Properties. Here is how it looks like:

Network configuration

For the FC Driver, FC zoning is properly configured between the hosts and the VNX. Check register-fc-port-with-vnx for reference.

For the iSCSI Driver, make sure your VNX iSCSI port is accessible by your hosts. Check register-iscsi-port-with-vnx for reference.

You can use initiator_auto_registration = True configuration to avoid registering the ports manually. Check the detail of the configuration in emc-vnx-conf for reference.

If you are trying to setup multipath, refer to multipath-setup.

Back-end configuration

Make the following changes in the /etc/cinder/cinder.conf file.

Minimum configuration

Here is a sample of minimum back-end configuration. See the following sections for the detail of each option. Set storage_protocol = iscsi if iSCSI protocol is used.

[DEFAULT]
enabled_backends = vnx_array1

[vnx_array1]
san_ip = 10.10.72.41
san_login = sysadmin
san_password = sysadmin
naviseccli_path = /opt/Navisphere/bin/naviseccli
volume_driver = cinder.volume.drivers.dell_emc.vnx.driver.VNXDriver
initiator_auto_registration = True
storage_protocol = fc

Multiple back-end configuration

Here is a sample of a minimum back-end configuration. See following sections for the detail of each option. Set storage_protocol = iscsi if iSCSI protocol is used.

[DEFAULT]
enabled_backends = backendA, backendB

[backendA]
storage_vnx_pool_names = Pool_01_SAS, Pool_02_FLASH
san_ip = 10.10.72.41
storage_vnx_security_file_dir = /etc/secfile/array1
naviseccli_path = /opt/Navisphere/bin/naviseccli
volume_driver = cinder.volume.drivers.dell_emc.vnx.driver.VNXDriver
initiator_auto_registration = True
storage_protocol = fc

[backendB]
storage_vnx_pool_names = Pool_02_SAS
san_ip = 10.10.26.101
san_login = username
san_password = password
naviseccli_path = /opt/Navisphere/bin/naviseccli
volume_driver = cinder.volume.drivers.dell_emc.vnx.driver.VNXDriver
initiator_auto_registration = True
storage_protocol = fc

The value of the option storage_protocol can be either fc or iscsi, which is case insensitive.

For more details on multiple back ends, see Configure multiple-storage back ends </admin/multi-backend>.

Required configurations

IP of the VNX Storage Processors

Specify SP A or SP B IP to connect:

san_ip = <IP of VNX Storage Processor>

VNX login credentials

There are two ways to specify the credentials.

Use plain text username and password.

Supply for plain username and password:
```
san_login = <VNX account with administrator role>
san_password = <password for VNX account>
storage_vnx_authentication_type = global
```
Valid values for storage_vnx_authentication_type are: global (default), local, and ldap.
Use Security file.

This approach avoids the plain text password in your cinder configuration file. Supply a security file as below:
```
storage_vnx_security_file_dir = <path to security file>
```

Check Unisphere CLI user guide or authenticate-by-security-file for how to create a security file.

Path to your Unisphere CLI

Specify the absolute path to your naviseccli:

naviseccli_path = /opt/Navisphere/bin/naviseccli

Driver's storage protocol

For the FC Driver, add the following option:

volume_driver = cinder.volume.drivers.dell_emc.vnx.driver.VNXDriver
storage_protocol = fc

For iSCSI Driver, add the following option:

volume_driver = cinder.volume.drivers.dell_emc.vnx.driver.VNXDriver
storage_protocol = iscsi

Optional configurations

VNX pool names

Specify the list of pools to be managed, separated by commas. They should already exist in VNX.

storage_vnx_pool_names = pool 1, pool 2

If this value is not specified, all pools of the array will be used.

Initiator auto registration

When initiator_auto_registration is set to True, the driver will automatically register initiators to all working target ports of the VNX array during volume attaching (The driver will skip those initiators that have already been registered) if the option io_port_list is not specified in the cinder.conf file.

If the user wants to register the initiators with some specific ports but not register with the other ports, this functionality should be disabled.

When a comma-separated list is given to io_port_list, the driver will only register the initiator to the ports specified in the list and only return target port(s) which belong to the target ports in the io_port_list instead of all target ports.

Example for FC ports:
```
io_port_list = a-1,B-3
```
a or B is Storage Processor, number 1 and 3 are Port ID.
Example for iSCSI ports:
```
io_port_list = a-1-0,B-3-0
```
a or B is Storage Processor, the first numbers 1 and 3 are Port ID and the second number 0 is Virtual Port ID

Note

Rather than de-registered, the registered ports will be simply bypassed whatever they are in io_port_list or not.
The driver will raise an exception if ports in io_port_list do not exist in VNX during startup.

Force delete volumes in storage group

Some available volumes may remain in storage group on the VNX array due to some OpenStack timeout issue. But the VNX array do not allow the user to delete the volumes which are in storage group. Option force_delete_lun_in_storagegroup is introduced to allow the user to delete the available volumes in this tricky situation.

When force_delete_lun_in_storagegroup is set to True in the back-end section, the driver will move the volumes out of the storage groups and then delete them if the user tries to delete the volumes that remain in the storage group on the VNX array.

The default value of force_delete_lun_in_storagegroup is True.

Over subscription in thin provisioning

Over subscription allows that the sum of all volume's capacity (provisioned capacity) to be larger than the pool's total capacity.

max_over_subscription_ratio in the back-end section is the ratio of provisioned capacity over total capacity.

The default value of max_over_subscription_ratio is 20.0, which means the provisioned capacity can be 20 times of the total capacity. If the value of this ratio is set larger than 1.0, the provisioned capacity can exceed the total capacity.

Storage group automatic deletion

For volume attaching, the driver has a storage group on VNX for each compute node hosting the vm instances which are going to consume VNX Block Storage (using compute node's host name as storage group's name). All the volumes attached to the VM instances in a compute node will be put into the storage group. If destroy_empty_storage_group is set to True, the driver will remove the empty storage group after its last volume is detached. For data safety, it does not suggest to set destroy_empty_storage_group=True unless the VNX is exclusively managed by one Block Storage node because consistent lock_path is required for operation synchronization for this behavior.

Initiator auto deregistration

Enabling storage group automatic deletion is the precondition of this function. If initiator_auto_deregistration is set to True is set, the driver will deregister all FC and iSCSI initiators of the host after its storage group is deleted.

FC SAN auto zoning

The EMC VNX driver supports FC SAN auto zoning when ZoneManager is configured and zoning_mode is set to fabric in cinder.conf. For ZoneManager configuration, refer to ../fc-zoning.

Volume number threshold

In VNX, there is a limitation on the number of pool volumes that can be created in the system. When the limitation is reached, no more pool volumes can be created even if there is remaining capacity in the storage pool. In other words, if the scheduler dispatches a volume creation request to a back end that has free capacity but reaches the volume limitation, the creation fails.

The default value of check_max_pool_luns_threshold is False. When check_max_pool_luns_threshold=True, the pool-based back end will check the limit and will report 0 free capacity to the scheduler if the limit is reached. So the scheduler will be able to skip this kind of pool-based back end that runs out of the pool volume number.

Note

From Queens, check_max_pool_luns_threshold is obsolete. And the behavior is like where check_max_pool_luns_threshold is set to True.

iSCSI initiators

iscsi_initiators is a dictionary of IP addresses of the iSCSI initiator ports on OpenStack compute and block storage nodes which want to connect to VNX via iSCSI. If this option is configured, the driver will leverage this information to find an accessible iSCSI target portal for the initiator when attaching volume. Otherwise, the iSCSI target portal will be chosen in a relative random way.

Note

This option is only valid for iSCSI driver.

Here is an example. VNX will connect host1 with 10.0.0.1 and 10.0.0.2. And it will connect host2 with 10.0.0.3.

The key name (host1 in the example) should be the output of hostname command.

iscsi_initiators = {"host1":["10.0.0.1", "10.0.0.2"],"host2":["10.0.0.3"]}

Default timeout

Specify the timeout in minutes for operations like LUN migration, LUN creation, etc. For example, LUN migration is a typical long running operation, which depends on the LUN size and the load of the array. An upper bound in the specific deployment can be set to avoid unnecessary long wait.

The default value for this option is infinite.

default_timeout = 60

Max LUNs per storage group

The max_luns_per_storage_group specify the maximum number of LUNs in a storage group. Default value is 255. It is also the maximum value supported by VNX.

Ignore pool full threshold

If ignore_pool_full_threshold is set to True, driver will force LUN creation even if the full threshold of pool is reached. Default to False.

Default value for async migration

Option vnx_async_migrate is used to set the default value of async migration for the backend. The default value of this option is True if it isn't set in cinder.conf to preserve compatibility. If async_migrate is not set in metadata of volume, the value of this option will be used. Otherwise, async_migrate value in metadata will override the value of this option. For more detail, refer to asynchronous migration support.

Extra spec options

Extra specs are used in volume types created in Block Storage as the preferred property of the volume.

The Block Storage scheduler will use extra specs to find the suitable back end for the volume and the Block Storage driver will create the volume based on the properties specified by the extra spec.

Use the following command to create a volume type:

$ openstack volume type create demoVolumeType

Use the following command to update the extra spec of a volume type:

$ openstack volume type set --property provisioning:type=thin --property thick_provisioning_support='<is> True' demoVolumeType

The following sections describe the VNX extra keys.

Provisioning type

Key: provisioning:type
Possible Values:
- thick
  
  Volume is fully provisioned.
  
  Run the following commands to create a thick volume type:
```
$ openstack volume type create ThickVolumeType
$ openstack volume type set --property provisioning:type=thick --property thick_provisioning_support='<is> True' ThickVolumeType
```
- thin
  
  Volume is virtually provisioned.
  
  Run the following commands to create a thin volume type:
```
$ openstack volume type create ThinVolumeType
$ openstack volume type set --property provisioning:type=thin --property thin_provisioning_support='<is> True' ThinVolumeType
```
- deduplicated
  
  Volume is thin and deduplication is enabled. The administrator shall go to VNX to configure the system level deduplication settings. To create a deduplicated volume, the VNX Deduplication license must be activated on VNX, and specify deduplication_support=True to let Block Storage scheduler find the proper volume back end.
  
  Run the following commands to create a deduplicated volume type:
```
$ openstack volume type create DeduplicatedVolumeType
$ openstack volume type set --property provisioning:type=deduplicated --property deduplicated_support='<is> True' DeduplicatedVolumeType
```
- compressed
  
  Volume is thin and compression is enabled. The administrator shall go to the VNX to configure the system level compression settings. To create a compressed volume, the VNX Compression license must be activated on VNX, and use compression_support=True to let Block Storage scheduler find a volume back end. VNX does not support creating snapshots on a compressed volume.
  
  Run the following commands to create a compressed volume type:
```
$ openstack volume type create CompressedVolumeType
$ openstack volume type set --property provisioning:type=compressed --property compression_support='<is> True' CompressedVolumeType
```
Default: thick

Note

provisioning:type replaces the old spec key storagetype:provisioning. The latter one is obsolete since the Mitaka release.

Storage tiering support

Key: storagetype:tiering
Possible values:
- StartHighThenAuto
- Auto
- HighestAvailable
- LowestAvailable
- NoMovement
Default: StartHighThenAuto

VNX supports fully automated storage tiering which requires the FAST license activated on the VNX. The OpenStack administrator can use the extra spec key storagetype:tiering to set the tiering policy of a volume and use the key fast_support='<is> True' to let Block Storage scheduler find a volume back end which manages a VNX with FAST license activated. Here are the five supported values for the extra spec key storagetype:tiering:

Run the following commands to create a volume type with tiering policy:

$ openstack volume type create ThinVolumeOnAutoTier
$ openstack volume type set --property provisioning:type=thin --property storagetype:tiering=Auto --property fast_support='<is> True' ThinVolumeOnAutoTier

Note

The tiering policy cannot be applied to a deduplicated volume. Tiering policy of the deduplicated LUN align with the settings of the pool.

FAST cache support

Key: fast_cache_enabled
Possible values:
- True
- False
Default: False

VNX has FAST Cache feature which requires the FAST Cache license activated on the VNX. Volume will be created on the backend with FAST cache enabled when <is> True is specified.

Pool name

Key: pool_name
Possible values: name of the storage pool managed by cinder
Default: None

If the user wants to create a volume on a certain storage pool in a back end that manages multiple pools, a volume type with a extra spec specified storage pool should be created first, then the user can use this volume type to create the volume.

Run the following commands to create the volume type:

$ openstack volume type create HighPerf
$ openstack volume type set --property pool_name=Pool_02_SASFLASH --property volume_backend_name=vnx_41 HighPerf

Obsolete extra specs

Note

DO NOT use the following obsolete extra spec keys:

storagetype:provisioning
storagetype:pool

Force detach

The user could use os-force_detach action to detach a volume from all its attached hosts. For more detail, please refer to https://docs.openstack.org/api-ref/block-storage/v3/?expanded=force-detach-a-volume-detail#force-detach-a-volume

Advanced features

Snap copy

Metadata Key: snapcopy
Possible Values:
- True or true
- False or false
Default: False

VNX driver supports snap copy which accelerates the process for creating a copied volume.

By default, the driver will use asynchronous migration support, which will start a VNX migration session. When snap copy is used, driver creates a snapshot and mounts it as a volume for the 2 kinds of operations which will be instant even for large volumes.

To enable this functionality, append --metadata snapcopy=True when creating cloned volume or creating volume from snapshot.

$ cinder create --source-volid <source-void> --name "cloned_volume" --metadata snapcopy=True

$ cinder create --snapshot-id <snapshot-id> --name "vol_from_snapshot" --metadata snapcopy=True

The newly created volume is a snap copy instead of a full copy. If a full copy is needed, retype or migrate can be used to convert the snap-copy volume to a full-copy volume which may be time-consuming.

You can determine whether the volume is a snap-copy volume or not by showing its metadata. If the snapcopy in metadata is True or true, the volume is a snap-copy volume. Otherwise, it is a full-copy volume.

$ cinder metadata-show <volume>

Constraints

The number of snap-copy volumes created from a single source volume is limited to 255 at one point in time.
The source volume which has snap-copy volume can not be deleted or migrated.
snapcopy volume will be change to full-copy volume after host-assisted or storage-assisted migration.
snapcopy volume can not be added to consisgroup because of VNX limitation.

Efficient non-disruptive volume backup

The default implementation in Block Storage for non-disruptive volume backup is not efficient since a cloned volume will be created during backup.

The approach of efficient backup is to create a snapshot for the volume and connect this snapshot (a mount point in VNX) to the Block Storage host for volume backup. This eliminates migration time involved in volume clone.

Constraints

Backup creation for a snap-copy volume is not allowed if the volume status is in-use since snapshot cannot be taken from this volume.

Configurable migration rate

VNX cinder driver is leveraging the LUN migration from the VNX. LUN migration is involved in cloning, migrating, retyping, and creating volume from snapshot. When admin set migrate_rate in volume's metadata, VNX driver can start migration with specified rate. The available values for the migrate_rate are high, asap, low and medium.

The following is an example to set migrate_rate to asap:

$ cinder metadata <volume-id> set migrate_rate=asap

After set, any cinder volume operations involving VNX LUN migration will take the value as the migration rate. To restore the migration rate to default, unset the metadata as following:

$ cinder metadata <volume-id> unset migrate_rate

Note

Do not use the asap migration rate when the system is in production, as the normal host I/O may be interrupted. Use asap only when the system is offline (free of any host-level I/O).

Replication v2.1 support

Cinder introduces Replication v2.1 support in Mitaka, it supports fail-over and fail-back replication for specific back end. In VNX cinder driver, MirrorView is used to set up replication for the volume.

To enable this feature, you need to set configuration in cinder.conf as below:

replication_device = backend_id:<secondary VNX serial number>,
                     san_ip:192.168.1.2,
                     san_login:admin,
                     san_password:admin,
                     naviseccli_path:/opt/Navisphere/bin/naviseccli,
                     storage_vnx_authentication_type:global,
                     storage_vnx_security_file_dir:

Currently, only synchronized mode MirrorView is supported, and one volume can only have 1 secondary storage system. Therefore, you can have only one replication_device presented in driver configuration section.

To create a replication enabled volume, you need to create a volume type:

$ openstack volume type create replication-type
$ openstack volume type set --property replication_enabled="<is> True" replication-type

And then create volume with above volume type:

$ openstack volume create replication-volume --type replication-type --size 1

Supported operations

Create volume
Create cloned volume
Create volume from snapshot

Fail-over volume:

$ cinder failover-host --backend_id <secondary VNX serial number> <hostname>

Fail-back volume:

$ cinder failover-host --backend_id default <hostname>

Requirements

2 VNX systems must be in same domain.
For iSCSI MirrorView, user needs to setup iSCSI connection before enable replication in Cinder.
For FC MirrorView, user needs to zone specific FC ports from 2 VNX system together.
MirrorView Sync enabler( MirrorView/S ) installed on both systems.
Write intent log enabled on both VNX systems.

For more information on how to configure, please refer to: MirrorView-Knowledgebook:-Releases-30-–-33

Asynchronous migration support

VNX Cinder driver now supports asynchronous migration during volume cloning.

The driver now using asynchronous migration when creating a volume from source as the default cloning method. The driver will return immediately after the migration session starts on the VNX, which dramatically reduces the time before a volume is available for use.

To disable this feature, user needs to do any one of below actions:

Configure vnx_async_migrate = False for the backend in cinder.conf, then restart Cinder services.
Add --metadata async_migrate=False when creating new volume from source.

Be aware, async_migrate in metadata overrides the option vnx_async_migrate when both are set.

Constraints

Before the migration finishes, snapshots cannot be created from the source volume, which could affect subsequent clones from the same source volume. The typical affected use case is that creating volume-2 via cloning volume-1 immediately after creating volume-1 via cloning volume-0. To achieve so, users are advised to take any one of below actions:
1. wait for the first clone finishing, or
2. create volume-2 via cloning volume-0 instead of volume-1, or
3. create volume-1 with --metadata async_migrate=False.

Best practice

Multipath setup

Enabling multipath volume access is recommended for robust data access. The major configuration includes:

Install multipath-tools, sysfsutils and sg3-utils on the nodes hosting compute and cinder-volume services. Check the operating system manual for the system distribution for specific installation steps. For Red Hat based distributions, they should be device-mapper-multipath, sysfsutils and sg3_utils.
Specify use_multipath_for_image_xfer=true in the cinder.conf file for each FC/iSCSI back end.
Specify volume_use_multipath=True in libvirt section of the nova.conf file. This option is valid for both iSCSI and FC driver. In versions prior to Newton, the option was called iscsi_use_multipath.

For multipath-tools, here is an EMC recommended sample of /etc/multipath.conf file.

user_friendly_names is not specified in the configuration and thus it will take the default value no. It is not recommended to set it to yes because it may fail operations such as VM live migration.

blacklist {
    # Skip the files under /dev that are definitely not FC/iSCSI devices
    # Different system may need different customization
    devnode "^(ram|raw|loop|fd|md|dm-|sr|scd|st)[0-9]*"
    devnode "^hd[a-z][0-9]*"
    devnode "^cciss!c[0-9]d[0-9]*[p[0-9]*]"

    # Skip LUNZ device from VNX
    device {
        vendor "DGC"
        product "LUNZ"
        }
}

defaults {
    user_friendly_names no
    flush_on_last_del yes
}

devices {
    # Device attributed for EMC CLARiiON and VNX series ALUA
    device {
        vendor "DGC"
        product ".*"
        product_blacklist "LUNZ"
        path_grouping_policy group_by_prio
        path_selector "round-robin 0"
        path_checker emc_clariion
        features "1 queue_if_no_path"
        hardware_handler "1 alua"
        prio alua
        failback immediate
    }
}

Note

When multipath is used in OpenStack, multipath faulty devices may come out in Nova-Compute nodes due to different issues (Bug 1336683 is a typical example).

A solution to completely avoid faulty devices has not been found yet. faulty_device_cleanup.py mitigates this issue when VNX iSCSI storage is used. Cloud administrators can deploy the script in all Nova-Compute nodes and use a CRON job to run the script on each Nova-Compute node periodically so that faulty devices will not stay too long. Refer to: VNX faulty device cleanup for detailed usage and the script.

Restrictions and limitations

iSCSI port cache

EMC VNX iSCSI driver caches the iSCSI ports information, so that the user should restart the cinder-volume service or wait for seconds (which is configured by periodic_interval in the cinder.conf file) before any volume attachment operation after changing the iSCSI port configurations. Otherwise the attachment may fail because the old iSCSI port configurations were used.

No extending for volume with snapshots

VNX does not support extending the thick volume which has a snapshot. If the user tries to extend a volume which has a snapshot, the status of the volume would change to error_extending.

Limitations for deploying cinder on computer node

It is not recommended to deploy the driver on a compute node if cinder upload-to-image --force True is used against an in-use volume. Otherwise, cinder upload-to-image --force True will terminate the data access of the vm instance to the volume.

Storage group with host names in VNX

When the driver notices that there is no existing storage group that has the host name as the storage group name, it will create the storage group and also add the compute node's or Block Storage node's registered initiators into the storage group.

If the driver notices that the storage group already exists, it will assume that the registered initiators have also been put into it and skip the operations above for better performance.

It is recommended that the storage administrator does not create the storage group manually and instead relies on the driver for the preparation. If the storage administrator needs to create the storage group manually for some special requirements, the correct registered initiators should be put into the storage group as well (otherwise the following volume attaching operations will fail).

EMC storage-assisted volume migration

EMC VNX driver supports storage-assisted volume migration, when the user starts migrating with cinder migrate --force-host-copy False <volume_id> <host> or cinder migrate <volume_id> <host>, cinder will try to leverage the VNX's native volume migration functionality.

In following scenarios, VNX storage-assisted volume migration will not be triggered:

in-use volume migration between back ends with different storage protocol, for example, FC and iSCSI.
Volume is to be migrated across arrays.

Appendix

Authenticate by security file

VNX credentials are necessary when the driver connects to the VNX system. Credentials in global, local and ldap scopes are supported. There are two approaches to provide the credentials.

The recommended one is using the Navisphere CLI security file to provide the credentials which can get rid of providing the plain text credentials in the configuration file. Following is the instruction on how to do this.

Find out the Linux user id of the cinder-volume processes. Assuming the cinder-volume service is running by the account cinder.
Run su as root user.
In /etc/passwd file, change cinder:x:113:120::/var/lib/cinder:/bin/false to cinder:x:113:120::/var/lib/cinder:/bin/bash (This temporary change is to make step 4 work.)
Save the credentials on behalf of cinder user to a security file (assuming the array credentials are admin/admin in global scope). In the command below, the -secfilepath switch is used to specify the location to save the security file.
```
# su -l cinder -c \
  '/opt/Navisphere/bin/naviseccli -AddUserSecurity -user admin -password admin -scope 0 -secfilepath <location>'
```
Change cinder:x:113:120::/var/lib/cinder:/bin/bash back to cinder:x:113:120::/var/lib/cinder:/bin/false in /etc/passwd file.
Remove the credentials options san_login, san_password and storage_vnx_authentication_type from cinder.conf file. (normally it is /etc/cinder/cinder.conf file). Add option storage_vnx_security_file_dir and set its value to the directory path of your security file generated in the above step. Omit this option if -secfilepath is not used in the above step.
Restart the cinder-volume service to validate the change.

Register FC port with VNX

This configuration is only required when initiator_auto_registration=False.

To access VNX storage, the Compute nodes should be registered on VNX first if initiator auto registration is not enabled.

To perform Copy Image to Volume and Copy Volume to Image operations, the nodes running the cinder-volume service (Block Storage nodes) must be registered with the VNX as well.

The steps mentioned below are for the compute nodes. Follow the same steps for the Block Storage nodes also (The steps can be skipped if initiator auto registration is enabled).

Assume 20:00:00:24:FF:48:BA:C2:21:00:00:24:FF:48:BA:C2 is the WWN of a FC initiator port name of the compute node whose host name and IP are myhost1 and 10.10.61.1. Register 20:00:00:24:FF:48:BA:C2:21:00:00:24:FF:48:BA:C2 in Unisphere:
Log in to Unisphere, go to FNM0000000000 > Hosts > Initiators.
Refresh and wait until the initiator 20:00:00:24:FF:48:BA:C2:21:00:00:24:FF:48:BA:C2 with SP Port A-1 appears.
Click the Register button, select CLARiiON/VNX and enter the host name (which is the output of the hostname command) and IP address:
- Hostname: myhost1
- IP: 10.10.61.1
- Click Register.
Then host 10.10.61.1 will appear under Hosts > Host List as well.
Register the wwn with more ports if needed.

Register iSCSI port with VNX

This configuration is only required when initiator_auto_registration=False.

To access VNX storage, the compute nodes should be registered on VNX first if initiator auto registration is not enabled.

To perform Copy Image to Volume and Copy Volume to Image operations, the nodes running the cinder-volume service (Block Storage nodes) must be registered with the VNX as well.

The steps mentioned below are for the compute nodes. Follow the same steps for the Block Storage nodes also (The steps can be skipped if initiator auto registration is enabled).

On the compute node with IP address 10.10.61.1 and host name myhost1, execute the following commands (assuming 10.10.61.35 is the iSCSI target):
1. Start the iSCSI initiator service on the node:
```
# /etc/init.d/open-iscsi start
```
2. Discover the iSCSI target portals on VNX:
```
# iscsiadm -m discovery -t st -p 10.10.61.35
```
3. Change directory to /etc/iscsi :
```
# cd /etc/iscsi
```
4. Find out the iqn of the node:
```
# more initiatorname.iscsi
```
Log in to VNX from the compute node using the target corresponding to the SPA port:
```
# iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.1992-04.com.emc:cx.apm01234567890.a0 -p 10.10.61.35 -l
```
Assume iqn.1993-08.org.debian:01:1a2b3c4d5f6g is the initiator name of the compute node. Register iqn.1993-08.org.debian:01:1a2b3c4d5f6g in Unisphere:
1. Log in to Unisphere, go to FNM0000000000 > Hosts > Initiators.
2. Refresh and wait until the initiator iqn.1993-08.org.debian:01:1a2b3c4d5f6g with SP Port A-8v0 appears.
3. Click the Register button, select CLARiiON/VNX and enter the host name (which is the output of the hostname command) and IP address:
  - Hostname: myhost1
  - IP: 10.10.61.1
  - Click Register.
4. Then host 10.10.61.1 will appear under Hosts > Host List as well.
Log out iSCSI on the node:
```
# iscsiadm -m node -u
```
Log in to VNX from the compute node using the target corresponding to the SPB port:
```
# iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.1992-04.com.emc:cx.apm01234567890.b8 -p 10.10.61.36 -l
```
In Unisphere, register the initiator with the SPB port.
Log out iSCSI on the node:
```
# iscsiadm -m node -u
```
Register the iqn with more ports if needed.

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Dell VNX driver

System requirements

Supported operations

Preparation

Install Navisphere CLI

Install Python library storops

Check array software

Network configuration

Back-end configuration

Minimum configuration

Multiple back-end configuration

Required configurations

Optional configurations

VNX pool names

Force delete volumes in storage group

Over subscription in thin provisioning

Storage group automatic deletion

Initiator auto deregistration

FC SAN auto zoning

Volume number threshold

iSCSI initiators

Default timeout

Max LUNs per storage group

Ignore pool full threshold

Default value for async migration

Extra spec options

Provisioning type

Storage tiering support

FAST cache support

Pool name

Obsolete extra specs

Force detach

Advanced features

Snap copy

Efficient non-disruptive volume backup

Configurable migration rate

Replication v2.1 support

Asynchronous migration support

Best practice

Multipath setup

Restrictions and limitations

iSCSI port cache

No extending for volume with snapshots

Limitations for deploying cinder on computer node

Storage group with host names in VNX

EMC storage-assisted volume migration

Appendix

Authenticate by security file

Register FC port with VNX

Register iSCSI port with VNX

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