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Using the Glance CLI Tool

Glance ships with a command-line tool for querying and managing Glance It has a fairly simple but powerful interface of the form:

Usage: glance <command> [options] [args]

Where <command> is one of the following:

help

Show detailed help information about a specific command
add

Adds an image to Glance
update

Updates an image's stored metadata in Glance
delete

Deletes an image and its metadata from Glance
index

Lists brief information about public images that Glance knows about
details

Lists detailed information about public images that Glance knows about
show

Lists detailed information about a specific image
clear

Destroys all public images and their associated metadata

This document describes how to use the glance tool for each of the above commands.

The `help` command

Issuing the help command with a <COMMAND> argument shows detailed help about a specific command. Running glance without any arguments shows a brief help message, like so:

$> glance
Usage: glance <command> [options] [args]

Commands:

    help <command>  Output help for one of the commands below

    add             Adds a new image to Glance

    update          Updates an image's metadata in Glance

    delete          Deletes an image from Glance

    index           Return brief information about images in Glance

    details         Return detailed information about images in
                    Glance

    show            Show detailed information about an image in
                    Glance

    clear           Removes all images and metadata from Glance

Options:
  --version             show program's version number and exit
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -v, --verbose         Print more verbose output
  -H ADDRESS, --host=ADDRESS
                        Address of Glance API host. Default: example.com
  -p PORT, --port=PORT  Port the Glance API host listens on. Default: 9292
  -U URL, --url=URL     URL of Glance service. This option can be used to
                        specify the hostname, port and protocol (http/https)
                        of the glance server, for example -U
                        https://localhost:9292/v1 Default: None
  -k, --insecure        Explicitly allow glance to perform insecure SSL
                        requests. The server certificate will not be
                        verified against any certificate authorities.
                        This option should be used with caution.
  -R REGION, --region=REGION
                        When using keystone authentication version 2.0
                        or later this identifies the region name to
                        use when selecting the service endpoint. Where
                        more than one region endpoint is available a
                        region must be provided.
  --limit=LIMIT         Page size to use while requesting image metadata
  --marker=MARKER       Image index after which to begin pagination
  --sort_key=KEY        Sort results by this image attribute.
  --sort_dir=[desc|asc]
                        Sort results in this direction.
  -f, --force           Prevent select actions from requesting user
                        confirmation
  --dry-run             Don't actually execute the command, just print output
                        showing what WOULD happen.

With a <COMMAND> argument, more information on the command is shown, like so:

$> glance help update

glance update [options] <ID> <field1=value1 field2=value2 ...>

Updates an image's metadata in Glance. Specify metadata fields as arguments.

All field/value pairs are converted into a mapping that is passed
to Glance that represents the metadata for an image.

Field names that can be specified:

name                A name for the image.
is_public           If specified, interpreted as a boolean value
                    and sets or unsets the image's availability to the public.
disk_format         Format of the disk image (required)
container_format    Format of the container (required)

All other field names are considered to be custom properties so be careful
to spell field names correctly. :)

The `add` command

The add command is used to do both of the following:

Store virtual machine image data and metadata about that image in Glance
Let Glance know about an existing virtual machine image that may be stored somewhere else

We cover both use cases below.

Important Information about Uploading Images

Before we go over the commands for adding an image to Glance, it is important to understand that Glance does not currently inspect the image files you add to it. In other words, Glance only understands what you tell it, via attributes and custom properties.

If the file extension of the file you upload to Glance ends in '.vhd', Glance does not know that the image you are uploading has a disk format of vhd. You have to tell Glance that the image you are uploading has a disk format by using the disk_format=vhd on the command line (see more below).

By the same token, Glance does not currently allow you to upload "multi-part" disk images at once. The common operation of bundling a kernel image and ramdisk image into a machine image is not done automagically by Glance.

Store virtual machine image data and metadata

When adding an actual virtual machine image to Glance, you use the add command. You will pass metadata about the VM image on the command line, and you will use a standard shell redirect to stream the image data file to glance.

Let's walk through a simple example. Suppose we have a virtual disk image stored on our local filesystem that we wish to "upload" to Glance. This image is stored on our local filesystem in /tmp/images/myimage.iso.

We'd also like to tell Glance that this image should be called "My Image", and that the image should be public -- anyone should be able to fetch it.

Here is how we'd upload this image to Glance. Change example IP number to your server IP number.:

$> glance add name="My Image" is_public=true \
     container_format=ovf disk_format=raw \
     --host=65.114.169.29 < /tmp/images/myimage.iso

Note that the disk container formats are no longer defaulted and are thus strictly required.

If Glance was able to successfully upload and store your VM image data and metadata attributes, you would see something like this:

$> glance add name="My Image" is_public=true \
     container_format=ovf disk_format=raw \
     --host=65.114.169.29 < /tmp/images/myimage.iso
Added new image with ID: 991baaf9-cc0d-4183-a201-8facdf1a1430

You can use the --verbose (or -v) command-line option to print some more information about the metadata that was saved with the image:

$> glance --verbose add name="My Image" is_public=true \
     container_format=ovf disk_format=raw \
     --host=65.114.169.29 < /tmp/images/myimage.iso
Added new image with ID: 541424be-27b1-49d6-a55b-6430b8ae0f5f
Returned the following metadata for the new image:
               container_format => ovf
                     created_at => 2011-02-22T19:20:53.298556
                        deleted => False
                     deleted_at => None
                    disk_format => raw
                             id => 541424be-27b1-49d6-a55b-6430b8ae0f5f
                      is_public => True
                       location => file:///tmp/images/4
                           name => My Image
                     properties => {}
                           size => 58520278
                         status => active
                     updated_at => None
Completed in 0.6141 sec.

If you are unsure about what will be added, you can use the --dry-run command-line option, which will simply show you what would have happened:

$> glance --dry-run add name="Foo" distro="Ubuntu" is_public=True \
     container_format=ovf disk_format=raw \
     --host=65.114.169.29 < /tmp/images/myimage.iso
Dry run. We would have done the following:
Add new image with metadata:
               container_format => ovf
                    disk_format => raw
                      is_public => False
                           name => Foo
                     properties => {'is_public': 'True', 'distro': 'Ubuntu'}

This is useful for detecting problems and for seeing what the default field values supplied by glance are. For instance, there was a typo in the command above (the is_public field was incorrectly spelled is_public which resulted in the image having an is_public custom property added to the image and the real is_public field value being False (the default) and not True...

Examples of uploading different kinds of images

To upload an EC2 tarball VM image:

$> glance add name="ubuntu-10.10-amd64" is_public=true \
   container_format=ovf disk_format=raw \
   < /root/maverick-server-uec-amd64.tar.gz

To upload an EC2 tarball VM image with an associated property (e.g., distro):

$> glance add name="ubuntu-10.10-amd64" is_public=true \
   container_format=ovf disk_format=raw \
   distro="ubuntu 10.10" < /root/maverick-server-uec-amd64.tar.gz

To reference an EC2 tarball VM image available at an external URL:

$> glance add name="ubuntu-10.04-amd64" is_public=true \
   container_format=ovf disk_format=raw \
   location="http://uec-images.ubuntu.com/lucid/current/\
   lucid-server-uec-amd64.tar.gz"

To upload a copy of that same EC2 tarball VM image:

$> glance add name="ubuntu-10.04-amd64" is_public=true \
   container_format=ovf disk_format=raw \
   copy_from="http://uec-images.ubuntu.com/lucid/current/\
   lucid-server-uec-amd64.tar.gz"

To upload a qcow2 image:

$> glance add name="ubuntu-11.04-amd64" is_public=true \
   container_format=ovf disk_format=qcow2 \
   distro="ubuntu 11.04" < /data/images/rock_natty.qcow2

To upload a kernel file, ramdisk file and filesystem image file:

$> glance add disk_format=aki container_format=aki \
   ./maverick-server-uec-amd64-vmlinuz-virtual \
   maverick-server-uec-amd64-vmlinuz-virtual
$> glance add disk_format=ari container_format=ari \
   ./maverick-server-uec-amd64-loader maverick-server-uec-amd64-loader
# Determine what the ids associated with the kernel and ramdisk files
$> glance index
# Assuming the ids are 7 and 8:
$> glance add disk_format=ami container_format=ami kernel_id=7 \
   ramdisk_id=8 ./maverick-server-uec-amd64.img maverick-server-uec-amd64.img

To upload a raw image file:

$> glance add disk_format=raw container_format=ovf \
   ./maverick-server-uec-amd64.img maverick-server-uec-amd64.img_v2

Register a virtual machine image in another location

Sometimes, you already have stored the virtual machine image in some non-Glance location -- perhaps even a location you have no write access to -- and you want to tell Glance where this virtual machine image is located and some metadata about it. The add command can do this for you.

When registering an image in this way, the only difference is that you do not use a shell redirect to stream a virtual machine image file into Glance, but instead, you tell Glance where to find the existing virtual machine image by setting the location field. Below is an example of doing this.

Let's assume that there is a virtual machine image located at the URL http://example.com/images/myimage.vhd. We can register this image with Glance using the following:

$> glance --verbose add name="Some web image" disk_format=vhd \
   container_format=ovf location="http://example.com/images/myimage.vhd"
Added new image with ID: 71c675ab-d94f-49cd-a114-e12490b328d9
Returned the following metadata for the new image:
               container_format => ovf
                     created_at => 2011-02-23T00:42:04.688890
                        deleted => False
                     deleted_at => None
                    disk_format => vhd
                             id => 71c675ab-d94f-49cd-a114-e12490b328d9
                      is_public => True
                       location => http://example.com/images/myimage.vhd
                           name => Some web image
                     properties => {}
                           size => 0
                         status => active
                     updated_at => None
Completed in 0.0356 sec.

The `update` command

After uploading/adding a virtual machine image to Glance, it is not possible to modify the actual virtual machine image -- images are read-only after all --however, it is possible to update any metadata about the image after you add it to Glance.

The update command allows you to update the metadata fields of a stored image. You use this command like so:

glance update <ID> [field1=value1 field2=value2 ...]

Let's say we have an image with identifier '9afc4097-1c70-45c3-8c12-1b897f083faa' that we wish to change the is_public attribute of the image from False to True. The following would accomplish this:

$> glance update 9afc4097-1c70-45c3-8c12-1b897f083faa is_public=true \
   --host=65.114.169.29
Updated image 9afc4097-1c70-45c3-8c12-1b897f083faa

Using the --verbose flag will show you all the updated data about the image:

$> glance --verbose update 97243446-9c74-42af-a31a-34ba16555868 \
   is_public=true --host=65.114.169.29
Updated image 97243446-9c74-42af-a31a-34ba16555868
Updated image metadata for image 97243446-9c74-42af-a31a-34ba16555868:
URI: http://example.com/images/97243446-9c74-42af-a31a-34ba16555868
Id: 97243446-9c74-42af-a31a-34ba16555868
Public? Yes
Name: My Image
Size: 58520278
Disk format: raw
Container format: ovf
Completed in 0.0596 sec.

The `delete` command

You can delete an image by using the delete command, shown below:

$> glance --verbose delete 660c96a7-ef95-45e7-8e48-595df6937675 \
   --host=65.114.169.29 -f
Deleted image 660c96a7-ef95-45e7-8e48-595df6937675

The `index` command

The index command displays brief information about the public images available in Glance, as shown below:

$> glance index --host=65.114.169.29
ID                                   Name                           Disk Format          Container Format     Size
------------------------------------ ------------------------------ -------------------- -------------------- --------------
baa87554-34d2-4e9e-9949-e9e5620422bb Ubuntu 10.10                   vhd                  ovf                        58520278
9e1aede2-dc6e-4981-9f3e-93dee24d48b1 Ubuntu 10.04                   ami                  ami                        58520278
771c0223-27b4-4789-a83d-79eb9c166578 Fedora 9                       vdi                  bare                           3040
cb8f4908-ef58-4e4b-884e-517cf09ead86 Vanilla Linux 2.6.22           qcow2                bare                              0

Image metadata such as 'name', 'disk_format', 'container_format' and 'status' may be used to filter the results of an index or details command. These commands also accept 'size_min' and 'size_max' as lower and upper bounds of the image metadata 'size.' Any unrecognized fields are handled as custom image properties.

The 'limit' and 'marker' options are used by the index and details commands to control pagination. The 'marker' indicates the last record that was seen by the user. The page of results returned will begin after the provided image ID. The 'limit' param indicates the page size. Each request to the api will be restricted to returning a maximum number of results. Without the 'force' option, the user will be prompted before each page of results is fetched from the API.

Results from index and details commands may be ordered using the 'sort_key' and 'sort_dir' options. Any image attribute may be used for 'sort_key', while only 'asc' or 'desc' are allowed for 'sort_dir'.

The `details` command

The details command displays detailed information about the public images available in Glance, as shown below:

$> glance details --host=65.114.169.29
==============================================================================
URI: http://example.com/images/baa87554-34d2-4e9e-9949-e9e5620422bb
Id: baa87554-34d2-4e9e-9949-e9e5620422bb
Public? Yes
Name: Ubuntu 10.10
Status: active
Size: 58520278
Disk format: vhd
Container format: ovf
Property 'distro_version': 10.10
Property 'distro': Ubuntu
==============================================================================
URI: http://example.com/images/9e1aede2-dc6e-4981-9f3e-93dee24d48b1
Id: 9e1aede2-dc6e-4981-9f3e-93dee24d48b1
Public? Yes
Name: Ubuntu 10.04
Status: active
Size: 58520278
Disk format: ami
Container format: ami
Property 'distro_version': 10.04
Property 'distro': Ubuntu
==============================================================================
URI: http://example.com/images/771c0223-27b4-4789-a83d-79eb9c166578
Id: 771c0223-27b4-4789-a83d-79eb9c166578
Public? Yes
Name: Fedora 9
Status: active
Size: 3040
Disk format: vdi
Container format: bare
Property 'distro_version': 9
Property 'distro': Fedora
==============================================================================
URI: http://example.com/images/cb8f4908-ef58-4e4b-884e-517cf09ead86
Id: cb8f4908-ef58-4e4b-884e-517cf09ead86
Public? Yes
Name: Vanilla Linux 2.6.22
Status: active
Size: 0
Disk format: qcow2
Container format: bare
==============================================================================

The `show` command

The show command displays detailed information about a specific image, specified with <ID>, as shown below:

$> glance show 771c0223-27b4-4789-a83d-79eb9c166578 --host=65.114.169.29
URI: http://example.com/images/771c0223-27b4-4789-a83d-79eb9c166578
Id: 771c0223-27b4-4789-a83d-79eb9c166578
Public? Yes
Name: Fedora 9
Status: active
Size: 3040
Disk format: vdi
Container format: bare
Property 'distro_version': 9
Property 'distro': Fedora

The `clear` command

The clear command is an administrative command that deletes ALL images and all image metadata. Passing the --verbose command will print brief information about all the images that were deleted, as shown below:

$> glance --verbose clear --host=65.114.169.29
Deleting image ab15b8d3-8f33-4467-abf2-9f89a042a8c4 "Some web image" ... done
Deleting image dc9698b4-e9f1-4f75-b777-1a897633e488 "Some other web image" ... done
Completed in 0.0328 sec.

The `image-members` Command

The image-members command displays the list of members with which a specific image, specified with <ID>, is shared, as shown below:

$> glance image-members ab15b8d3-8f33-4467-abf2-9f89a042a8c4 \
  --host=65.114.169.29
tenant1
tenant2 *

(*: Can share image)

The `member-images` Command

The member-images command displays the list of images which are shared with a specific member, specified with <MEMBER>, as shown below:

$> glance member-images tenant1 --host=65.114.169.29
ab15b8d3-8f33-4467-abf2-9f89a042a8c4
dc9698b4-e9f1-4f75-b777-1a897633e488 *

(*: Can share image)

The `member-add` Command

The member-add command grants a member, specified with <MEMBER>, access to a private image, specified with <ID>. The --can-share flag can be given to allow the member to share the image, as shown below:

$> glance member-add ab15b8d3-8f33-4467-abf2-9f89a042a8c4 tenant1 \
   --host=65.114.169.29
$> glance member-add ab15b8d3-8f33-4467-abf2-9f89a042a8c4 tenant2 \
   --can-share --host=65.114.169.29

The `member-delete` Command

The member-delete command revokes the access of a member, specified with <MEMBER>, to a private image, specified with <ID>, as shown below:

$> glance member-delete ab15b8d3-8f33-4467-abf2-9f89a042a8c4 tenant1
$> glance member-delete ab15b8d3-8f33-4467-abf2-9f89a042a8c4 tenant2

The `members-replace` Command

The members-replace command revokes all existing memberships on a private image, specified with <ID>, and replaces them with a membership for one member, specified with <MEMBER>. The --can-share flag can be given to allow the member to share the image, as shown below:

$> glance members-replace ab15b8d3-8f33-4467-abf2-9f89a042a8c4 tenant1 \
   --can-share --host=65.114.169.29

The command is given in plural form to make it clear that all existing memberships are affected by the command.

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Using the Glance CLI Tool

The help command

The add command

Important Information about Uploading Images

Store virtual machine image data and metadata

Examples of uploading different kinds of images

Register a virtual machine image in another location

The update command

The delete command

The index command

The details command

The show command

The clear command

The image-members Command

The member-images Command

The member-add Command

The member-delete Command

The members-replace Command