deb-python-jsonschema/docs/validate.rst

Schema Validation

jsonschema

The Basics

The simplest way to validate an instance under a given schema is to use the validate function.

validate

The Validator Interface

jsonschema defines an (informal) interface that all validators should adhere to.

argument dict schema

the schema that the validator will validate with. It is assumed to be valid, and providing an invalid schema can lead to undefined behavior. See IValidator.check_schema to validate a schema first.

argument types

Override or extend the list of known types when validating the type property. Should map strings (type names) to class objects that will be checked via isinstance. See validating-types for details.

type types

dict or iterable of 2-tuples

argument resolver

an object with a resolve() method that will be used to resolve $ref properties (JSON references). If unprovided, a RefResolver is created and used.

argument format_checker

an object with a conform() method that will be called to check and see if instances conform to each format property present in the schema. If unprovided, no validation will be done for format. FormatChecker is a concrete implementation of an object of this form that can be used for common formats.

DEFAULT_TYPES

The default mapping of JSON types to Python types used when validating type properties in JSON schemas.

META_SCHEMA

An object representing the validator's meta schema (the schema that describes valid schemas in the given version).

schema

The schema that was passed in when initializing the validator.

check_schema(schema)

Validate the given schema against the validator's META_SCHEMA.

raises

SchemaError if the schema is invalid

is_type(instance, type)

Check if the instance is of the given (JSON Schema) type.

type type

str

rtype

bool

The special type "any" is valid for any given instance.

is_valid(instance)

Check if the instance is valid under the current schema.

rtype

bool

>>> schema = {"maxItems" : 2} >>> Draft3Validator(schema).is_valid([2, 3, 4]) False

iter_errors(instance)

Lazily yield each of the validation errors in the given instance.

rtype

an iterable of ValidationErrors

>>> schema = { ... "type" : "array", ... "items" : {"enum" : [1, 2, 3]}, ... "maxItems" : 2, ... } >>> v = Draft3Validator(schema) >>> for error in sorted(v.iter_errors([2, 3, 4]), key=str): ... print(error) 4 is not one of [1, 2, 3] [2, 3, 4] is too long

validate(instance)

Check if the instance is valid under the current schema.

raises

ValidationError if the instance is invalid

>>> schema = {"maxItems" : 2} >>> Draft3Validator(schema).validate([2, 3, 4]) Traceback (most recent call last): ... ValidationError: [2, 3, 4] is too long

All of the versioned validators <versioned-validators> that are included with jsonschema adhere to the interface, and implementors of validators that extend or complement the ones included should adhere to it as well. For more information see creating-validators.

Validating With Additional Types

Occasionally it can be useful to provide additional or alternate types when validating the JSON Schema's type property. Validators allow this by taking a types argument on construction that specifies additional types, or which can be used to specify a different set of Python types to map to a given JSON type.

For instance, JSON defines a number type, which can be validated with a schema such as {"type" : "number"}. By default, this will validate correctly for Python ints and floats. If you wanted to additionally validate decimal.Decimal objects, you'd use

Draft3Validator(
    schema={"type" : "number"},
    types={"number" : (int, float, decimal.Decimal)},
)

The list of default Python types for each JSON type is available on each validator in the IValidator.DEFAULT_TYPES attribute. Note that you need to specify all types to match if you override one of the existing JSON types, so you may want to access the set of default types to add it to the ones being appended.

Versioned Validators

jsonschema ships with validators for various versions of the JSON Schema specification. For details on the methods and attributes that each validator provides see the IValidator interface, which each validator implements.

Draft3Validator

Validating Formats

JSON Schema defines the format property which can be used to check if primitive types (strs, numbers, bools) conform to well-defined formats. By default, no validation is enforced, but optionally, validation can be enabled by hooking in a format-checking object into an IValidator.

FormatChecker

is_date_time