moving in all the original docs from keystone
This commit is contained in:
Joe Heck
parent
d23691b78b
commit
6b38e3ceb6
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..
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Copyright 2011 OpenStack, LLC
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All Rights Reserved.
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Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
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not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
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a copy of the License at
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http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
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||||
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
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License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
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under the License.
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=============================
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Admin API Examples Using Curl
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=============================
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These examples assume a default port value of 35357, and depend on the
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``sampledata`` bundled with keystone.
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GET /
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=====
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Disover API version information, links to documentation (PDF, HTML, WADL),
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and supported media types::
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$ curl http://0.0.0.0:35357
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or::
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$ curl http://0.0.0.0:35357/v2.0/
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Returns::
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{
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"version":{
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"id":"v2.0",
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"status":"beta",
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"updated":"2011-11-19T00:00:00Z",
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"links":[
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{
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"rel":"self",
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"href":"http://127.0.0.1:35357/v2.0/"
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},
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{
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"rel":"describedby",
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"type":"text/html",
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"href":"http://docs.openstack.org/api/openstack-identity-service/2.0/content/"
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},
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{
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"rel":"describedby",
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"type":"application/pdf",
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"href":"http://docs.openstack.org/api/openstack-identity-service/2.0/identity-dev-guide-2.0.pdf"
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},
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{
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"rel":"describedby",
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"type":"application/vnd.sun.wadl+xml",
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"href":"http://127.0.0.1:35357/v2.0/identity-admin.wadl"
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}
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],
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"media-types":[
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{
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"base":"application/xml",
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"type":"application/vnd.openstack.identity-v2.0+xml"
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},
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{
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"base":"application/json",
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"type":"application/vnd.openstack.identity-v2.0+json"
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}
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]
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}
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}
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GET /extensions
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===============
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Discover the API extensions enabled at the endpoint::
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$ curl http://0.0.0.0:35357/extensions
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Returns::
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{
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"extensions":{
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"values":[]
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}
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}
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POST /tokens
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============
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Authenticate by exchanging credentials for an access token::
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$ curl -d '{"auth":{"passwordCredentials":{"username": "joeuser", "password": "secrete"}}}' -H "Content-type: application/json" http://localhost:35357/v2.0/tokens
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Returns::
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{
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"access":{
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"token":{
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"expires":"2012-02-05T00:00:00",
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"id":"887665443383838",
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"tenant":{
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"id":"1",
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"name":"customer-x"
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}
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},
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"serviceCatalog":[
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{
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"endpoints":[
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{
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"adminURL":"http://swift.admin-nets.local:8080/",
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"region":"RegionOne",
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"internalURL":"http://127.0.0.1:8080/v1/AUTH_1",
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"publicURL":"http://swift.publicinternets.com/v1/AUTH_1"
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}
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],
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"type":"object-store",
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"name":"swift"
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},
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{
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"endpoints":[
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{
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"adminURL":"http://cdn.admin-nets.local/v1.1/1",
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"region":"RegionOne",
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"internalURL":"http://127.0.0.1:7777/v1.1/1",
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"publicURL":"http://cdn.publicinternets.com/v1.1/1"
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}
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],
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"type":"object-store",
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"name":"cdn"
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}
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],
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"user":{
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"id":"1",
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"roles":[
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{
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"tenantId":"1",
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"id":"3",
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"name":"Member"
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}
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],
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"name":"joeuser"
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}
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}
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}
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.. note::
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Take note of the value ['access']['token']['id'] value produced here (``887665443383838``, above), as you can use it in the calls below.
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GET /tokens/{token_id}
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======================
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.. note::
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This call refers to a token known to be valid, ``887665443383838`` in this case.
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Validate a token::
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$ curl -H "X-Auth-Token:999888777666" http://localhost:35357/v2.0/tokens/887665443383838
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If the token is valid, returns::
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{
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"access":{
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"token":{
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"expires":"2012-02-05T00:00:00",
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"id":"887665443383838",
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"tenant":{
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"id":"1",
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"name":"customer-x"
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}
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},
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"user":{
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"name":"joeuser",
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"tenantName":"customer-x",
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"id":"1",
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"roles":[
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{
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"serviceId":"1",
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"id":"3",
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"name":"Member"
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}
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],
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"tenantId":"1"
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}
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}
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}
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HEAD /tokens/{token_id}
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=======================
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This is a high-performance variant of the GET call documented above, which
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by definition, returns no response body::
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$ curl -I -H "X-Auth-Token:999888777666" http://localhost:35357/v2.0/tokens/887665443383838
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... which returns ``200``, indicating the token is valid::
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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
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Content-Length: 0
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Content-Type: None
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Date: Tue, 08 Nov 2011 23:07:44 GMT
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GET /tokens/{token_id}/endpoints
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================================
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List all endpoints for a token::
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$ curl -H "X-Auth-Token:999888777666" http://localhost:35357/v2.0/tokens/887665443383838/endpoints
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Returns::
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{
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"endpoints_links": [
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{
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"href": "http://127.0.0.1:35357/tokens/887665443383838/endpoints?'marker=5&limit=10'",
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"rel": "next"
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}
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],
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"endpoints": [
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{
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"internalURL": "http://127.0.0.1:8080/v1/AUTH_1",
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"name": "swift",
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"adminURL": "http://swift.admin-nets.local:8080/",
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"region": "RegionOne",
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"tenantId": 1,
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"type": "object-store",
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"id": 1,
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"publicURL": "http://swift.publicinternets.com/v1/AUTH_1"
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},
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{
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"internalURL": "http://localhost:8774/v1.0",
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"name": "nova_compat",
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"adminURL": "http://127.0.0.1:8774/v1.0",
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"region": "RegionOne",
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"tenantId": 1,
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"type": "compute",
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"id": 2,
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"publicURL": "http://nova.publicinternets.com/v1.0/"
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},
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{
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"internalURL": "http://localhost:8774/v1.1",
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"name": "nova",
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"adminURL": "http://127.0.0.1:8774/v1.1",
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"region": "RegionOne",
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"tenantId": 1,
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"type": "compute",
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"id": 3,
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"publicURL": "http://nova.publicinternets.com/v1.1/
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},
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{
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"internalURL": "http://127.0.0.1:9292/v1.1/",
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"name": "glance",
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"adminURL": "http://nova.admin-nets.local/v1.1/",
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"region": "RegionOne",
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"tenantId": 1,
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"type": "image",
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"id": 4,
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"publicURL": "http://glance.publicinternets.com/v1.1/"
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},
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{
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"internalURL": "http://127.0.0.1:7777/v1.1/1",
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"name": "cdn",
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"adminURL": "http://cdn.admin-nets.local/v1.1/1",
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"region": "RegionOne",
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"tenantId": 1,
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"versionId": "1.1",
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"versionList": "http://127.0.0.1:7777/",
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"versionInfo": "http://127.0.0.1:7777/v1.1",
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"type": "object-store",
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"id": 5,
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"publicURL": "http://cdn.publicinternets.com/v1.1/1"
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}
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]
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}
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GET /tenants
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============
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List all of the tenants in the system (requires an Admin ``X-Auth-Token``)::
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$ curl -H "X-Auth-Token:999888777666" http://localhost:35357/v2.0/tenants
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Returns::
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{
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"tenants_links": [],
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"tenants": [
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{
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"enabled": false,
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"description": "None",
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"name": "project-y",
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"id": "3"
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},
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{
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"enabled": true,
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"description": "None",
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"name": "ANOTHER:TENANT",
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"id": "2"
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},
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{
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"enabled": true,
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"description": "None",
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"name": "customer-x",
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"id": "1"
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}
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]
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}
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GET /tenants/{tenant_id}
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========================
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Retrieve information about a tenant, by tenant ID::
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$ curl -H "X-Auth-Token:999888777666" http://localhost:35357/v2.0/tenants/1
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Returns::
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{
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"tenant":{
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"enabled":true,
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"description":"None",
|
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"name":"customer-x",
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"id":"1"
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}
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}
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GET /tenants/{tenant_id}/users/{user_id}/roles
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==============================================
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|
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List the roles a user has been granted on a tenant::
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$ curl -H "X-Auth-Token:999888777666" http://localhost:35357/v2.0/tenants/1/users/1/roles
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Returns::
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{
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"roles_links":[],
|
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"roles":[
|
||||
{
|
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"id":"3",
|
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"name":"Member"
|
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}
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]
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}
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GET /users/{user_id}
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====================
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Retrieve information about a user, by user ID::
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$ curl -H "X-Auth-Token:999888777666" http://localhost:35357/v2.0/users/1
|
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|
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Returns::
|
||||
|
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{
|
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"user":{
|
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"tenantId":"1",
|
||||
"enabled":true,
|
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"id":"1",
|
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"name":"joeuser"
|
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}
|
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}
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GET /users/{user_id}/roles
|
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==========================
|
||||
|
||||
Retrieve the roles granted to a user, given a user ID::
|
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|
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$ curl -H "X-Auth-Token:999888777666" http://localhost:35357/v2.0/users/4/roles
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|
||||
Returns::
|
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|
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{
|
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"roles_links":[],
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"roles":[
|
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{
|
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"id":"2",
|
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"name":"KeystoneServiceAdmin"
|
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}
|
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]
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}
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@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
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..
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Copyright 2011 OpenStack, LLC
|
||||
All Rights Reserved.
|
||||
|
||||
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
|
||||
not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
|
||||
a copy of the License at
|
||||
|
||||
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
|
||||
|
||||
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
|
||||
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
|
||||
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
|
||||
License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
|
||||
under the License.
|
||||
|
||||
Keystone Architecture
|
||||
=====================
|
||||
|
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Keystone has two major components: Authentication and a Service Catalog.
|
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Authentication
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--------------
|
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|
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In providing a token-based authentication service for OpenStack, keystone
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has several major concepts:
|
||||
|
||||
Tenant
|
||||
A grouping used in OpenStack to contain relevant OpenStack services. A
|
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tenant maps to a Nova "project-id", and in object storage, a tenant can
|
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have multiple containers. Depending on the installation, a tenant can
|
||||
represent a customer, account, organization, or project.
|
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|
||||
User
|
||||
Represents an individual within OpenStack for the purposes of
|
||||
authenticating them to OpenStack services. Users have credentials, and may
|
||||
be assigned to one or more tenants. When authenticated, a token is
|
||||
provided that is specific to a single tenant.
|
||||
|
||||
Credentials
|
||||
Password or other information that uniquely identifies a User to Keystone
|
||||
for the purposes of providing a token.
|
||||
|
||||
Token
|
||||
A token is an arbitrary bit of text that is used to share authentication
|
||||
with other OpenStack services so that Keystone can provide a central
|
||||
location for authenticating users for access to OpenStack services. A
|
||||
token may be "scoped" or "unscoped". A scoped token represents a user
|
||||
authenticated to a Tenant, where an unscoped token represents just the
|
||||
user.
|
||||
|
||||
Tokens are valid for a limited amount of time and may be revoked at any
|
||||
time.
|
||||
|
||||
Role
|
||||
A role is a set of permissions to access and use specific operations for
|
||||
a given user when applied to a tenant. Roles are logical groupings of
|
||||
those permissions to enable common permissions to be easily grouped and
|
||||
bound to users associated with a given tenant.
|
||||
|
||||
Service Catalog
|
||||
---------------
|
||||
|
||||
Keystone also provides a list of REST API endpoints as a definitive list for
|
||||
an OpenStack installation. Key concepts include:
|
||||
|
||||
Service
|
||||
An OpenStack service such as nova, swift, glance, or keystone. A service
|
||||
may have one of more endpoints through which users can interact with
|
||||
OpenStack services and resources.
|
||||
|
||||
Endpoint
|
||||
A network accessible address (typically a URL) that represents the API
|
||||
interface to an OpenStack service. Endpoints may also be grouped into
|
||||
templates which represent a group of consumable OpenStack services
|
||||
available across regions.
|
||||
|
||||
Template
|
||||
A collection of endpoints representing a set of consumable OpenStack
|
||||
service endpoints.
|
||||
|
||||
Components of Keystone
|
||||
----------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Keystone includes a command-line interface which interacts with the Keystone
|
||||
API for administrating keystone and related services.
|
||||
|
||||
* keystone - runs both keystone-admin and keystone-service
|
||||
* keystone-admin - the administrative API for manipulating keystone
|
||||
* keystone-service - the user oriented API for authentication
|
||||
* keystone-manage - the command line interface to manipulate keystone
|
||||
|
||||
Keystone also includes WSGI middelware to provide authentication support
|
||||
for Nova and Swift.
|
||||
|
||||
Keystone uses a built-in SQLite datastore - and may use an external LDAP
|
||||
service to authenticate users instead of using stored credentials.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
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|||
..
|
||||
Copyright 2011 OpenStack, LLC
|
||||
All Rights Reserved.
|
||||
|
||||
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
|
||||
not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
|
||||
a copy of the License at
|
||||
|
||||
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
|
||||
|
||||
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
|
||||
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
|
||||
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
|
||||
License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
|
||||
under the License.
|
||||
|
||||
========
|
||||
Backends
|
||||
========
|
||||
|
||||
Keystone supports multiple types of data stores for things like users, tenants, and
|
||||
tokens, including SQL, LDAP, and memcache.
|
||||
|
||||
SQL
|
||||
===
|
||||
|
||||
In the default backend configuration (SQL-only), Keystone depends on the following database tables.
|
||||
|
||||
``users``
|
||||
---------
|
||||
|
||||
``id``
|
||||
Auto-incremented primary key.
|
||||
``name``
|
||||
Unqiue username used for authentication via ``passwordCredentials``.
|
||||
``password``
|
||||
Password used for authentication via ``passwordCredentials``.
|
||||
|
||||
Salted and hashed using ``passlib``.
|
||||
``email``
|
||||
Email address (uniqueness is expected, but not enforced).
|
||||
``enabled``
|
||||
If false, the user is unable to authenticate and the user's tokens will fail validation.
|
||||
``tenant_id``
|
||||
Default tenant for the user.
|
||||
|
||||
``tokens``
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
``id``
|
||||
The actual token provided after successful authentication (*plaintext*).
|
||||
``user_id``
|
||||
References the user who owns the token.
|
||||
``tenant_id``
|
||||
(*optional*) References the tenant the token is scoped to.
|
||||
``expires``
|
||||
Indicates the expiration date of the token, after which the token can no longer be validated successfully.
|
||||
|
||||
``tenants``
|
||||
-----------
|
||||
|
||||
``id``
|
||||
Auto-incremented primary key.
|
||||
``name``
|
||||
Unique string identifying the tenant.
|
||||
``desc``
|
||||
Description of the tenant.
|
||||
``enabled``
|
||||
If false, users are unable to scope to the tenant.
|
||||
|
||||
``roles``
|
||||
---------
|
||||
|
||||
``id``
|
||||
Auto-incremented primary key.
|
||||
``name``
|
||||
Name of the role.
|
||||
|
||||
If the role is owned by a service, the role name **must** follow the convention::
|
||||
|
||||
serviceName:roleName
|
||||
``desc``
|
||||
Description of the role.
|
||||
``service_id``
|
||||
(*optional*) References the service that owns the role.
|
||||
|
||||
``user_roles``
|
||||
--------------
|
||||
|
||||
Maps users to the roles that have been granted to them (*optionally*, within the scope of a tenant).
|
||||
|
||||
``id``
|
||||
Auto-incremented primary key.
|
||||
``user_id``
|
||||
References the user the role is granted to.
|
||||
``role_id``
|
||||
References the granted role.
|
||||
``tenant_id``
|
||||
(*optional*) References a tenant upon which this grant is applies.
|
||||
|
||||
``services``
|
||||
------------
|
||||
|
||||
``id``
|
||||
Auto-incremented primary key.
|
||||
``name``
|
||||
Unique name of the service.
|
||||
``type``
|
||||
Indicates the type of service (e.g. ``compute``, ``object``, ``identity``, etc).
|
||||
|
||||
This can also be extended to support non-core services. Extended services
|
||||
follow the naming convention ``extension:type`` (e.g. ``dnsextension:dns``).
|
||||
``desc``
|
||||
Describes the service.
|
||||
``owner_id``
|
||||
(*optional*) References the user who owns the service.
|
||||
|
||||
``credentials``
|
||||
---------------
|
||||
|
||||
Currently only used for Amazon EC2 credential storage, this table is designed to support multiple
|
||||
types of credentials in the future.
|
||||
|
||||
``id``
|
||||
Auto-incremented primary key.
|
||||
``user_id``
|
||||
References the user who owns the credential.
|
||||
``tenant_id``
|
||||
References the tenant upon which the credential is valid.
|
||||
``types``
|
||||
Indicates the type of credential (e.g. ``Password``, ``APIKey``, ``EC2``).
|
||||
``key``
|
||||
Amazon EC2 access key.
|
||||
``secret``
|
||||
Amazon EC2 secret key.
|
||||
|
||||
``endpoints``
|
||||
-------------
|
||||
|
||||
Tenant-specific endpoints map endpoint templates to specific tenants.
|
||||
The ``tenant_id`` which appears here replaces the
|
||||
``%tenant_id%`` template variable in the specified endpoint template.
|
||||
|
||||
``id``
|
||||
Auto-incremented primary key.
|
||||
``tenant_id``
|
||||
References the tenant this endpoint applies to.
|
||||
``endpoint_template_id``
|
||||
The endpoint template to appear in the user's service catalog.
|
||||
|
||||
``endpoint_templates``
|
||||
----------------------
|
||||
|
||||
A multi-purpose model for the service catalog which can be:
|
||||
|
||||
- Provided to users of a specific tenants via ``endpoints``, when ``is_global`` is false.
|
||||
- Provided to all users as-is, when ``is_global`` is true.
|
||||
|
||||
``id``
|
||||
Auto-incremented primary key.
|
||||
``region``
|
||||
Identifies the geographic region the endpoint is physically located within.
|
||||
``service_id``
|
||||
TODO: References the service which owns the endpoints?
|
||||
``public_url``
|
||||
Appears in the service catalog [#first]_.
|
||||
|
||||
Represents an endpoint available on the public Internet.
|
||||
``admin_url``
|
||||
Appears in the service catalog [#first]_.
|
||||
|
||||
Users of this endpoint must have an Admin or ServiceAdmin role.
|
||||
``internal_url``
|
||||
Appears in the service catalog [#first]_.
|
||||
|
||||
Represents an endpoint on an internal, unmetered network.
|
||||
``enabled``
|
||||
If false, this endpoint template will not appear in the service catalog.
|
||||
``is_global``
|
||||
If true, this endpoint can not be mapped to tenant-specific endpoints, and ``%tenant_id%`` will not be substituted in endpoint URL's. Additionally, this endpoint will appear for all users.
|
||||
``version_id``
|
||||
Identifies the version of the API contract that endpoint supports.
|
||||
``version_list``
|
||||
A URL which lists versions supported by the endpoint.
|
||||
``version_info``
|
||||
A URL which provides detailed version info regarding the service.
|
||||
|
||||
.. [#first] ``%tenant_id%`` may be replaced by actual tenant references, depending on the value of ``is_global`` and the existence of a corresponding ``endpoints`` record.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
|
|||
..
|
||||
Copyright 2011 OpenStack, LLC
|
||||
All Rights Reserved.
|
||||
|
||||
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
|
||||
not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
|
||||
a copy of the License at
|
||||
|
||||
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
|
||||
|
||||
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
|
||||
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
|
||||
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
|
||||
License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
|
||||
under the License.
|
||||
|
||||
====================
|
||||
Configuring Keystone
|
||||
====================
|
||||
|
||||
.. toctree::
|
||||
:maxdepth: 1
|
||||
|
||||
keystone.conf
|
||||
man/keystone-manage
|
||||
|
||||
Once Keystone is installed, there are a number of configuration options
|
||||
available and potentially some initial data to create and set up.
|
||||
|
||||
Sample data / Quick Setup
|
||||
=========================
|
||||
|
||||
Default sampledata is provided for easy setup and testing in bin/sampeldata. To
|
||||
set up the sample data run the following command while Keystone is running::
|
||||
|
||||
$ ./bin/sampledata
|
||||
|
||||
The sample data created comes from the file :doc:`sourcecode/keystone.test.sampledata`
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Keystone Configuration File
|
||||
===========================
|
||||
|
||||
Most configuration is done via configuration files. The default files are
|
||||
in ``/etc/keystone.conf``
|
||||
|
||||
When starting up a Keystone server, you can specify the configuration file to
|
||||
use (see :doc:`controllingservers`).
|
||||
If you do **not** specify a configuration file, keystone will look in the following
|
||||
directories for a configuration file, in order:
|
||||
|
||||
* ``~/.keystone``
|
||||
* ``~/``
|
||||
* ``/etc/keystone``
|
||||
* ``/etc``
|
||||
|
||||
The keystone configuration file should be named ``keystone.conf``.
|
||||
If you installed keystone via your operating system's
|
||||
package management system, it is likely that you will have sample
|
||||
configuration files installed in ``/etc/keystone``.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition to this documentation page, you can check the
|
||||
``etc/keystone.conf`` sample configuration
|
||||
files distributed with keystone for example configuration files for each server
|
||||
application with detailed comments on what each options does.
|
||||
|
||||
Sample Configuration Files
|
||||
--------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Keystone ships with sample configuration files in keystone/etc. These files are:
|
||||
|
||||
1. keystone.conf
|
||||
|
||||
A standard configuration file for running keystone in stand-alone mode.
|
||||
It has a set of default extensions loaded to support administering Keystone
|
||||
over REST. It uses a local SQLite database.
|
||||
|
||||
2. memcache.conf
|
||||
|
||||
A configuration that uses memcached for storing tokens (but still SQLite for all
|
||||
other entities). This requires memcached running.
|
||||
|
||||
3. ssl.conf
|
||||
|
||||
A configuration that runs Keystone with SSL (so all URLs are accessed over HTTPS).
|
||||
|
||||
To run any of these configurations, use the `-c` option::
|
||||
|
||||
./keystone -c ../etc/ssl.conf
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Usefule Links
|
||||
-------------
|
||||
|
||||
For a sample configuration file with explanations of the settings, see :doc:`keystone.conf`
|
||||
|
||||
For configuring an LDAP backend, see http://mirantis.blogspot.com/2011/08/ldap-identity-store-for-openstack.html
|
||||
|
||||
For configuration settings of middleware components, see :doc:`middleware`
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
|
|||
..
|
||||
Copyright 2011 OpenStack, LLC
|
||||
All Rights Reserved.
|
||||
|
||||
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
|
||||
not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
|
||||
a copy of the License at
|
||||
|
||||
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
|
||||
|
||||
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
|
||||
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
|
||||
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
|
||||
License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
|
||||
under the License.
|
||||
|
||||
==========================================
|
||||
Configuring Services to work with Keystone
|
||||
==========================================
|
||||
|
||||
.. toctree::
|
||||
:maxdepth: 1
|
||||
|
||||
Once Keystone is installed and running, services need to be configured to work
|
||||
with it. These are the steps to configure a service to work with Keystone:
|
||||
|
||||
1. Create or get credentials for the service to use
|
||||
|
||||
A set of credentials are needed for each service (they may be
|
||||
shared if you chose to). Depending on the service, these credentials are
|
||||
either a username and password or a long-lived token..
|
||||
|
||||
2. Register the service, endpoints, roles and other entities
|
||||
|
||||
In order for a service to have it's endpoints and roles show in the service
|
||||
catalog returned by Keystone, a service record needs to be added for the
|
||||
service. Endpoints and roles associated with that service can then be created.
|
||||
|
||||
This can be done through the REST interface (using the OS-KSCATALOG extension)
|
||||
or using keystone-manage.
|
||||
|
||||
3. Install and configure middleware for the service to handle authentication
|
||||
|
||||
Clients making calls to the service will pass in an authentication token. The
|
||||
Keystone middleware will look for and validate that token, taking the
|
||||
appropriate action. It will also retrive additional information from the token
|
||||
such as user name, id, tenant name, id, roles, etc...
|
||||
|
||||
The middleware will pass those data down to the service as headers. The
|
||||
detailed description of this architecture is available here :doc:`middleware_architecture`
|
||||
|
||||
Setting up credentials
|
||||
======================
|
||||
|
||||
First admin user - bootstrapping
|
||||
--------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
For a default installation of Keystone, before you can use the REST API, you
|
||||
need to create your first initial user and grant that user the right to
|
||||
administer Keystone.
|
||||
|
||||
For the keystone service itself, two
|
||||
Roles are pre-defined in the keystone configuration file
|
||||
(:doc:`keystone.conf`).
|
||||
|
||||
#Role that allows admin operations (access to all operations)
|
||||
keystone-admin-role = Admin
|
||||
|
||||
#Role that allows acting as service (validate tokens, register service,
|
||||
etc...)
|
||||
keystone-service-admin-role = KeystoneServiceAdmin
|
||||
|
||||
In order to create your first user, once Keystone is running use
|
||||
the `keystone-manage` command:
|
||||
|
||||
$ keystone-manage user add admin secrete
|
||||
$ keystone-manage role add Admin
|
||||
$ keystone-manage role add KeystoneServiceAdmin
|
||||
$ keystone-manage role grant Admin admin
|
||||
$ keystone-manage role grant KeystoneServiceAdmin admin
|
||||
|
||||
This creates the `admin` user (with a password of `secrete`), creates
|
||||
two roles (`Admin` and `KeystoneServiceAdmin`), and assigns those roles to
|
||||
the `admin` user. From here, you should now have the choice of using the
|
||||
administrative API (as well as the :doc:`man/keystone-manage` commands) to
|
||||
further configure keystone. There are a number of examples of how to use
|
||||
that API at :doc:`adminAPI_curl_examples`.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Setting up services
|
||||
===================
|
||||
|
||||
Defining Services and Service Endpoints
|
||||
---------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Keystone also acts as a service catalog to let other OpenStack systems know
|
||||
where relevant API endpoints exist for OpenStack Services. The OpenStack
|
||||
Dashboard, in particular, uses this heavily - and this **must** be configured
|
||||
for the OpenStack Dashboard to properly function.
|
||||
|
||||
Here's how we define the services::
|
||||
|
||||
$ keystone-manage service add nova compute "Nova Compute Service"
|
||||
$ keystone-manage service add glance image "Glance Image Service"
|
||||
$ keystone-manage service add swift storage "Swift Object Storage Service"
|
||||
$ keystone-manage service add keystone identity "Keystone Identity Service"
|
||||
|
||||
Once the services are defined, we create endpoints for them. Each service
|
||||
has three relevant URL's associated with it that are used in the command:
|
||||
|
||||
* the public API URL
|
||||
* an administrative API URL
|
||||
* an internal URL
|
||||
|
||||
The "internal URL" is an endpoint the generally offers the same API as the
|
||||
public URL, but over a high-bandwidth, low-latency, unmetered (free) network.
|
||||
You would use that to transfer images from nova to glance for example, and
|
||||
not the Public URL which would go over the internet and be potentially chargeable.
|
||||
|
||||
The "admin URL" is for administering the services and is not exposed or accessible
|
||||
to customers without the apporpriate privileges.
|
||||
|
||||
An example of setting up the endpoint for Nova::
|
||||
|
||||
$ keystone-manage endpointTemplates add RegionOne nova \
|
||||
http://nova-api.mydomain:8774/v1.1/%tenant_id% \
|
||||
http://nova-api.mydomain:8774/v1.1/%tenant_id% \
|
||||
http://nova-api.mydomain:8774/v1.1/%tenant_id% \
|
||||
1 1
|
||||
|
||||
Glance::
|
||||
|
||||
$ keystone-manage endpointTemplates add RegionOne glance \
|
||||
http://glance.mydomain:9292/v1 \
|
||||
http://glance.mydomain:9292/v1 \
|
||||
http://glance.mydomain:9292/v1 \
|
||||
1 1
|
||||
|
||||
Swift::
|
||||
|
||||
$ keystone-manage endpointTemplates add RegionOne swift \
|
||||
http://swift.mydomain:8080/v1/AUTH_%tenant_id% \
|
||||
http://swift.mydomain:8080/v1.0/ \
|
||||
http://swift.mydomain:8080/v1/AUTH_%tenant_id% \
|
||||
1 1
|
||||
|
||||
And setting up an endpoint for Keystone::
|
||||
|
||||
$ keystone-manage endpointTemplates add RegionOne keystone \
|
||||
http://keystone.mydomain:5000/v2.0 \
|
||||
http://keystone.mydomain:35357/v2.0 \
|
||||
http://keystone.mydomain:5000/v2.0 \
|
||||
1 1
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Defining an Administrative Service Token
|
||||
----------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
An Administrative Service Token is a bit of arbitrary text which is configured
|
||||
in Keystone and used (typically configured into) Nova, Swift, Glance, and any
|
||||
other OpenStack projects, to be able to use Keystone services.
|
||||
|
||||
This token is an arbitrary text string, but must be identical between Keystone
|
||||
and the services using Keystone. This token is bound to a user and tenant as
|
||||
well, so those also need to be created prior to setting it up.
|
||||
|
||||
The *admin* user was set up above, but we haven't created a tenant for that
|
||||
user yet::
|
||||
|
||||
$ keystone-manage tenant add admin
|
||||
|
||||
and while we're here, let's grant the admin user the 'Admin' role to the
|
||||
'admin' tenant::
|
||||
|
||||
$ keystone-manage role add Admin
|
||||
$ keystone-manage role grant Admin admin admin
|
||||
|
||||
Now we can create a service token::
|
||||
|
||||
$ keystone-manage token add 999888777666 admin admin 2015-02-05T00:00
|
||||
|
||||
This creates a service token of '999888777666' associated to the admin user,
|
||||
admin tenant, and expires on February 5th, 2015. This token will be used when
|
||||
configuring Nova, Glance, or other OpenStack services.
|
||||
|
||||
Securing Communications with SSL
|
||||
--------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
To encrypt traffic between services and Keystone, see :doc:`ssl`
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Setting up OpenStack users
|
||||
==========================
|
||||
|
||||
Creating Tenants, Users, and Roles
|
||||
----------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Let's set up a 'demo' tenant::
|
||||
|
||||
$ keystone-manage tenant add demo
|
||||
|
||||
And add a 'demo' user with the password 'guest'::
|
||||
|
||||
$ keystone-manage user add demo guest
|
||||
|
||||
Now let's add a role of "Member" and grant 'demo' user that role
|
||||
as it pertains to the tenant 'demo'::
|
||||
|
||||
$ keystone-manage role add Member
|
||||
$ keystone-manage role grant Member demo demo
|
||||
|
||||
Let's also add the admin user as an Admin role to the demo tenant::
|
||||
|
||||
$ keystone-manage role grant Admin admin demo
|
||||
|
||||
Creating EC2 credentials
|
||||
------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
To add EC2 credentials for the `admin` and `demo` accounts::
|
||||
|
||||
$ keystone-manage credentials add admin EC2 'admin' 'secretpassword'
|
||||
$ keystone-manage credentials add admin EC2 'demo' 'secretpassword'
|
||||
|
||||
If you have a large number of credentials to create, you can put them all
|
||||
into a single large file and import them using :doc:`man/keystone-import`. The
|
||||
format of the document looks like::
|
||||
|
||||
credentials add admin EC2 'username' 'password'
|
||||
credentials add admin EC2 'username' 'password'
|
||||
|
||||
Then use::
|
||||
|
||||
$ keystone-import `filename`
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Setting Up Middleware
|
||||
=====================
|
||||
|
||||
Keystone Auth-Token Middleware
|
||||
--------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
The Keystone auth_token middleware is a WSGI component that can be inserted in
|
||||
the WSGI pipeline to handle authenticating tokens with Keystone. See :doc:`middleware`
|
||||
for details on middleware and configuration parameters.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Configuring Nova to use Keystone
|
||||
--------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
To configure Nova to use Keystone for authentication, the Nova API service
|
||||
can be run against the api-paste file provided by Keystone. This is most
|
||||
easily accomplished by setting the `--api_paste_config` flag in nova.conf to
|
||||
point to `examples/paste/nova-api-paste.ini` from Keystone. This paste file
|
||||
included references to the WSGI authentication middleware provided with the
|
||||
keystone installation.
|
||||
|
||||
When configuring Nova, it is important to create a admin service token for
|
||||
the service (from the Configuration step above) and include that as the key
|
||||
'admin_token' in the nova-api-paste.ini. See the documented
|
||||
:doc:`nova-api-paste` file for references.
|
||||
|
||||
Configuring Swift to use Keystone
|
||||
---------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Similar to Nova, swift can be configured to use Keystone for authentication
|
||||
rather than it's built in 'tempauth'.
|
||||
|
||||
1. Add a service endpoint for Swift to Keystone
|
||||
|
||||
2. Configure the paste file for swift-proxy (`/etc/swift/swift-proxy.conf`)
|
||||
|
||||
3. Reconfigure Swift's proxy server to use Keystone instead of TempAuth.
|
||||
Here's an example `/etc/swift/proxy-server.conf`::
|
||||
|
||||
[DEFAULT]
|
||||
bind_port = 8888
|
||||
user = <user>
|
||||
|
||||
[pipeline:main]
|
||||
pipeline = catch_errors cache keystone proxy-server
|
||||
|
||||
[app:proxy-server]
|
||||
use = egg:swift#proxy
|
||||
account_autocreate = true
|
||||
|
||||
[filter:keystone]
|
||||
use = egg:keystone#tokenauth
|
||||
auth_protocol = http
|
||||
auth_host = 127.0.0.1
|
||||
auth_port = 35357
|
||||
admin_token = 999888777666
|
||||
delay_auth_decision = 0
|
||||
service_protocol = http
|
||||
service_host = 127.0.0.1
|
||||
service_port = 8100
|
||||
service_pass = dTpw
|
||||
cache = swift.cache
|
||||
|
||||
[filter:cache]
|
||||
use = egg:swift#memcache
|
||||
set log_name = cache
|
||||
|
||||
[filter:catch_errors]
|
||||
use = egg:swift#catch_errors
|
||||
|
||||
Note that the optional "cache" property in the keystone filter allows any
|
||||
service (not just Swift) to register its memcache client in the WSGI
|
||||
environment. If such a cache exists, Keystone middleware will utilize it
|
||||
to store validated token information, which could result in better overall
|
||||
performance.
|
||||
|
||||
4. Restart swift
|
||||
|
||||
5. Verify that keystone is providing authentication to Swift
|
||||
|
||||
Use `swift` to check everything works (note: you currently have to create a
|
||||
container or upload something as your first action to have the account
|
||||
created; there's a Swift bug to be fixed soon)::
|
||||
|
||||
$ swift -A http://127.0.0.1:5000/v1.0 -U joeuser -K secrete post container
|
||||
$ swift -A http://127.0.0.1:5000/v1.0 -U joeuser -K secrete stat -v
|
||||
StorageURL: http://127.0.0.1:8888/v1/AUTH_1234
|
||||
Auth Token: 74ce1b05-e839-43b7-bd76-85ef178726c3
|
||||
Account: AUTH_1234
|
||||
Containers: 1
|
||||
Objects: 0
|
||||
Bytes: 0
|
||||
Accept-Ranges: bytes
|
||||
X-Trans-Id: tx25c1a6969d8f4372b63912f411de3c3b
|
||||
|
||||
.. WARNING::
|
||||
Keystone currently allows any valid token to do anything with any account.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
|
|||
..
|
||||
Copyright 2011 OpenStack, LLC
|
||||
All Rights Reserved.
|
||||
|
||||
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
|
||||
not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
|
||||
a copy of the License at
|
||||
|
||||
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
|
||||
|
||||
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
|
||||
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
|
||||
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
|
||||
License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
|
||||
under the License.
|
||||
|
||||
============================
|
||||
Controlling Keystone Servers
|
||||
============================
|
||||
|
||||
This section describes the ways to start, stop, and reload the Keystone
|
||||
services.
|
||||
|
||||
Keystone Services
|
||||
-----------------
|
||||
|
||||
Keystone can serve a number of REST APIs and extensions on different TCP/IP
|
||||
ports.
|
||||
|
||||
The Service API
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
The core Keystone
|
||||
API is primarily a read-only API (the only write operation being POST /tokens
|
||||
which authenticates a client, and returns a generated token).
|
||||
This API is sufficient to use OpenStack if all users, roles, endpoints already
|
||||
exist. This is often the case if Keystone is using an enterprise backend
|
||||
and the backend is managed through other entperrise tools and business
|
||||
processes. This core API is called the Service API and can be started
|
||||
separately from the more complete Admin API. By default, Keystone runs
|
||||
this API on port 5000. This is not an IANA assigned port and should not
|
||||
be relied upon (instead, use the Admin API on port 35357 to look for
|
||||
this endpoint - more on this later)
|
||||
|
||||
The Service API is started using this command in the /bin directory::
|
||||
|
||||
$ ./keystone-auth
|
||||
|
||||
The Admin API
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
Inn order for Keystone to be a fully functional service out of the box,
|
||||
API extensions that provide full CRUD operations is included with Keystone.
|
||||
This full set of API calls includes the OS-KSCATALOG, OS-KSADM, and OS-KSEC2
|
||||
extensions. These extensions provide a full set of create, read, update, delete
|
||||
(CRUD) operations that can be used to manage Keystone objects through REST
|
||||
calls. By default Keystone runs this full REST API on TCP/IP port 35357
|
||||
(assigned by IANA to Keystone).
|
||||
|
||||
The Admin API is started using this command in the /bin directory::
|
||||
|
||||
$ ./keystone-admin
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Both APIs can be loaded simultaneously (on different ports) using this command::
|
||||
|
||||
$ ./keystone
|
||||
|
||||
Starting a server
|
||||
-----------------
|
||||
|
||||
There are two ways to start a Keystone service (either the Service API server
|
||||
or the Admin API server):
|
||||
|
||||
- Manually calling the server program
|
||||
- Using the ``keystone-control`` server daemon wrapper program
|
||||
|
||||
We recommend using the second way in production and the first for development
|
||||
and debugging.
|
||||
|
||||
Manually starting the server
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
The first is by directly calling the server program, passing in command-line
|
||||
options and a single argument for a ``paste.deploy`` configuration file to
|
||||
use when configuring the server application.
|
||||
|
||||
.. note::
|
||||
|
||||
Keystone ships with an ``etc/`` directory that contains a sample ``paste.deploy``
|
||||
configuration files that you can copy to a standard configuration directory and
|
||||
adapt for your own uses.
|
||||
|
||||
If you do `not` specify a configuration file on the command line, Keystone will
|
||||
do its best to locate a configuration file in one of the
|
||||
following directories, stopping at the first config file it finds:
|
||||
|
||||
- ``$CWD``
|
||||
- ``~/.keystone``
|
||||
- ``~/``
|
||||
- ``/etc/keystone``
|
||||
- ``/etc``
|
||||
|
||||
The filename that is searched for is ``keystone.conf`` by default.
|
||||
|
||||
If no configuration file is found, you will see an error, like::
|
||||
|
||||
$ keystone
|
||||
ERROR: Unable to locate any configuration file. Cannot load application keystone
|
||||
|
||||
Here is an example showing how you can manually start the ``keystone-auth`` server and ``keystone-registry`` in a shell::
|
||||
|
||||
$ ./keystone -d
|
||||
keystone-legacy-auth: INFO **************************************************
|
||||
keystone-legacy-auth: INFO Configuration options gathered from config file:
|
||||
keystone-legacy-auth: INFO /Users/ziadsawalha/Documents/Code/keystone/etc/keystone.conf
|
||||
keystone-legacy-auth: INFO ================================================
|
||||
keystone-legacy-auth: INFO admin_host 0.0.0.0
|
||||
keystone-legacy-auth: INFO admin_port 35357
|
||||
keystone-legacy-auth: INFO admin_ssl False
|
||||
keystone-legacy-auth: INFO backends keystone.backends.sqlalchemy
|
||||
keystone-legacy-auth: INFO ca_certs /etc/keystone/ssl/certs/ca.pem
|
||||
keystone-legacy-auth: INFO cert_required True
|
||||
keystone-legacy-auth: INFO certfile /etc/keystone/ssl/certs/keystone.pem
|
||||
keystone-legacy-auth: INFO debug True
|
||||
keystone-legacy-auth: INFO default_store sqlite
|
||||
keystone-legacy-auth: INFO extensions osksadm,oskscatalog,hpidm
|
||||
keystone-legacy-auth: INFO hash-password True
|
||||
keystone-legacy-auth: INFO keyfile /etc/keystone/ssl/private/keystonekey.pem
|
||||
keystone-legacy-auth: INFO keystone-admin-role Admin
|
||||
keystone-legacy-auth: INFO keystone-service-admin-role KeystoneServiceAdmin
|
||||
keystone-legacy-auth: INFO log_dir .
|
||||
keystone-legacy-auth: INFO log_file keystone.log
|
||||
keystone-legacy-auth: INFO service-header-mappings {
|
||||
'nova' : 'X-Server-Management-Url',
|
||||
'swift' : 'X-Storage-Url',
|
||||
'cdn' : 'X-CDN-Management-Url'}
|
||||
keystone-legacy-auth: INFO service_host 0.0.0.0
|
||||
keystone-legacy-auth: INFO service_port 5000
|
||||
keystone-legacy-auth: INFO service_ssl False
|
||||
keystone-legacy-auth: INFO verbose False
|
||||
keystone-legacy-auth: INFO **************************************************
|
||||
passlib.registry: INFO registered crypt handler 'sha512_crypt': <class 'passlib.handlers.sha2_crypt.sha512_crypt'>
|
||||
Starting the RAX-KEY extension
|
||||
Starting the Legacy Authentication component
|
||||
admin : INFO **************************************************
|
||||
admin : INFO Configuration options gathered from config file:
|
||||
admin : INFO /Users/ziadsawalha/Documents/Code/keystone/etc/keystone.conf
|
||||
admin : INFO ================================================
|
||||
admin : INFO admin_host 0.0.0.0
|
||||
admin : INFO admin_port 35357
|
||||
admin : INFO admin_ssl False
|
||||
admin : INFO backends keystone.backends.sqlalchemy
|
||||
admin : INFO ca_certs /etc/keystone/ssl/certs/ca.pem
|
||||
admin : INFO cert_required True
|
||||
admin : INFO certfile /etc/keystone/ssl/certs/keystone.pem
|
||||
admin : INFO debug True
|
||||
admin : INFO default_store sqlite
|
||||
admin : INFO extensions osksadm,oskscatalog,hpidm
|
||||
admin : INFO hash-password True
|
||||
admin : INFO keyfile /etc/keystone/ssl/private/keystonekey.pem
|
||||
admin : INFO keystone-admin-role Admin
|
||||
admin : INFO keystone-service-admin-role KeystoneServiceAdmin
|
||||
admin : INFO log_dir .
|
||||
admin : INFO log_file keystone.log
|
||||
admin : INFO service-header-mappings {
|
||||
'nova' : 'X-Server-Management-Url',
|
||||
'swift' : 'X-Storage-Url',
|
||||
'cdn' : 'X-CDN-Management-Url'}
|
||||
admin : INFO service_host 0.0.0.0
|
||||
admin : INFO service_port 5000
|
||||
admin : INFO service_ssl False
|
||||
admin : INFO verbose False
|
||||
admin : INFO **************************************************
|
||||
Using config file: /Users/ziadsawalha/Documents/Code/keystone/etc/keystone.conf
|
||||
Service API (ssl=False) listening on 0.0.0.0:5000
|
||||
Admin API (ssl=False) listening on 0.0.0.0:35357
|
||||
eventlet.wsgi.server: DEBUG (77128) wsgi starting up on http://0.0.0.0:5000/
|
||||
eventlet.wsgi.server: DEBUG (77128) wsgi starting up on http://0.0.0.0:35357/
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo keystone-registry keystone-registry.conf &
|
||||
jsuh@mc-ats1:~$ 2011-04-13 14:51:16 INFO [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine.0x...feac] PRAGMA table_info("images")
|
||||
2011-04-13 14:51:16 INFO [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine.0x...feac] ()
|
||||
2011-04-13 14:51:16 DEBUG [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine.0x...feac] Col ('cid', 'name', 'type', 'notnull', 'dflt_value', 'pk')
|
||||
2011-04-13 14:51:16 DEBUG [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine.0x...feac] Row (0, u'created_at', u'DATETIME', 1, None, 0)
|
||||
2011-04-13 14:51:16 DEBUG [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine.0x...feac] Row (1, u'updated_at', u'DATETIME', 0, None, 0)
|
||||
2011-04-13 14:51:16 DEBUG [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine.0x...feac] Row (2, u'deleted_at', u'DATETIME', 0, None, 0)
|
||||
2011-04-13 14:51:16 DEBUG [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine.0x...feac] Row (3, u'deleted', u'BOOLEAN', 1, None, 0)
|
||||
2011-04-13 14:51:16 DEBUG [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine.0x...feac] Row (4, u'id', u'INTEGER', 1, None, 1)
|
||||
2011-04-13 14:51:16 DEBUG [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine.0x...feac] Row (5, u'name', u'VARCHAR(255)', 0, None, 0)
|
||||
2011-04-13 14:51:16 DEBUG [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine.0x...feac] Row (6, u'disk_format', u'VARCHAR(20)', 0, None, 0)
|
||||
2011-04-13 14:51:16 DEBUG [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine.0x...feac] Row (7, u'container_format', u'VARCHAR(20)', 0, None, 0)
|
||||
2011-04-13 14:51:16 DEBUG [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine.0x...feac] Row (8, u'size', u'INTEGER', 0, None, 0)
|
||||
2011-04-13 14:51:16 DEBUG [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine.0x...feac] Row (9, u'status', u'VARCHAR(30)', 1, None, 0)
|
||||
2011-04-13 14:51:16 DEBUG [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine.0x...feac] Row (10, u'is_public', u'BOOLEAN', 1, None, 0)
|
||||
2011-04-13 14:51:16 DEBUG [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine.0x...feac] Row (11, u'location', u'TEXT', 0, None, 0)
|
||||
2011-04-13 14:51:16 INFO [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine.0x...feac] PRAGMA table_info("image_properties")
|
||||
2011-04-13 14:51:16 INFO [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine.0x...feac] ()
|
||||
2011-04-13 14:51:16 DEBUG [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine.0x...feac] Col ('cid', 'name', 'type', 'notnull', 'dflt_value', 'pk')
|
||||
2011-04-13 14:51:16 DEBUG [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine.0x...feac] Row (0, u'created_at', u'DATETIME', 1, None, 0)
|
||||
2011-04-13 14:51:16 DEBUG [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine.0x...feac] Row (1, u'updated_at', u'DATETIME', 0, None, 0)
|
||||
2011-04-13 14:51:16 DEBUG [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine.0x...feac] Row (2, u'deleted_at', u'DATETIME', 0, None, 0)
|
||||
2011-04-13 14:51:16 DEBUG [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine.0x...feac] Row (3, u'deleted', u'BOOLEAN', 1, None, 0)
|
||||
2011-04-13 14:51:16 DEBUG [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine.0x...feac] Row (4, u'id', u'INTEGER', 1, None, 1)
|
||||
2011-04-13 14:51:16 DEBUG [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine.0x...feac] Row (5, u'image_id', u'INTEGER', 1, None, 0)
|
||||
2011-04-13 14:51:16 DEBUG [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine.0x...feac] Row (6, u'key', u'VARCHAR(255)', 1, None, 0)
|
||||
2011-04-13 14:51:16 DEBUG [sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine.0x...feac] Row (7, u'value', u'TEXT', 0, None, 0)
|
||||
|
||||
$ ps aux | grep keystone
|
||||
myuser 77148 0.0 0.0 2434892 472 s012 U+ 11:50AM 0:00.01 grep keystone
|
||||
myuser 77128 0.0 0.6 2459356 25360 s011 S+ 11:48AM 0:00.82 python ./keystone -d
|
||||
|
||||
Simply supply the configuration file as the first argument
|
||||
and then any common options
|
||||
you want to use (``-d`` was used above to show some of the debugging
|
||||
output that the server shows when starting up. Call the server program
|
||||
with ``--help`` to see all available options you can specify on the
|
||||
command line.)
|
||||
|
||||
Using ``--trace-calls`` is useful for showing a trace of calls (errors in red)
|
||||
for debugging.
|
||||
|
||||
For more information on configuring the server via the ``paste.deploy``
|
||||
configuration files, see the section entitled
|
||||
:doc:`Configuring Keystone <configuration>`
|
||||
|
||||
Note that the server `daemonizes` itself by using the standard
|
||||
shell backgrounding indicator, ``&``, in the previous example. For most use cases, we recommend
|
||||
using the ``keystone-control`` server daemon wrapper for daemonizing. See below
|
||||
for more details on daemonization with ``keystone-control``.
|
||||
|
||||
Using ``keystone-control`` to start the server
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
The second way to start up a Keystone server is to use the ``keystone-control``
|
||||
program. ``keystone-control`` is a wrapper script that allows the user to
|
||||
start, stop, restart, and reload the other Keystone server programs in
|
||||
a fashion that is more conducive to automation and scripting.
|
||||
|
||||
Servers started via the ``keystone-control`` program are always `daemonized`,
|
||||
meaning that the server program process runs in the background.
|
||||
|
||||
To start a Keystone server with ``keystone-control``, simply call
|
||||
``keystone-control`` with a server and the word "start", followed by
|
||||
any command-line options you wish to provide. Start the server with ``keystone-control``
|
||||
in the following way::
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo keystone-control <SERVER> start [CONFPATH]
|
||||
|
||||
.. note::
|
||||
|
||||
You must use the ``sudo`` program to run ``keystone-control`` currently, as the
|
||||
pid files for the server programs are written to /var/run/keystone/
|
||||
|
||||
Start the ``keystone-admin`` server using ``keystone-control``::
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo keystone-control admin start
|
||||
Starting keystone-admin with /etc/keystone.conf
|
||||
|
||||
The same ``paste.deploy`` configuration files are used by ``keystone-control``
|
||||
to start the Keystone server programs, and you can specify (as the example above
|
||||
shows) a configuration file when starting the server.
|
||||
|
||||
Stopping a server
|
||||
-----------------
|
||||
|
||||
If you started a Keystone server manually and did not use the ``&`` backgrounding
|
||||
function, simply send a terminate signal to the server process by typing
|
||||
``Ctrl-C``
|
||||
|
||||
If you started the Keystone server using ``keystone-control``, you can
|
||||
use the ``keystone-control`` program to stop it::
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo keystone-control <SERVER> stop
|
||||
|
||||
For example::
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo keystone-control auth stop
|
||||
Stopping keystone-auth pid: 77401 signal: 15
|
||||
|
||||
Restarting a server
|
||||
-------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Restart the Keystone server using ``keystone-control``::
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo keystone-control admin restart /etc/keystone.conf
|
||||
Stopping keystone-admin pid: 77401 signal: 15
|
||||
Starting keystone-admin with /etc/keystone.conf
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
|
|||
..
|
||||
Copyright 2011 OpenStack, LLC
|
||||
All Rights Reserved.
|
||||
|
||||
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
|
||||
not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
|
||||
a copy of the License at
|
||||
|
||||
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
|
||||
|
||||
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
|
||||
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
|
||||
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
|
||||
License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
|
||||
under the License.
|
||||
|
||||
================================
|
||||
Endpoints and Endpoint Templates
|
||||
================================
|
||||
|
||||
.. toctree::
|
||||
:maxdepth: 1
|
||||
|
||||
What are Endpoints?
|
||||
-------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Simply, endpoints are URLs that point to OpenStack services. When you
|
||||
authenticate to Keystone you get back a token which has a service catalog in
|
||||
it. The service catalog is basically a list of the OpenStack services that
|
||||
you have access to and the URLs you can use to get to them; their endpoints.
|
||||
|
||||
Here is an example response from Keystone when you authenticate::
|
||||
|
||||
{
|
||||
"access":{
|
||||
"token":{
|
||||
"id":"ab48a9efdfedb23ty3494",
|
||||
"expires":"2010-11-01T03:32:15-05:00",
|
||||
"tenant":{
|
||||
"id": "t1000",
|
||||
"name": "My Project"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"user":{
|
||||
"id":"u123",
|
||||
"name":"jqsmith",
|
||||
"roles":[{
|
||||
"id":"100",
|
||||
"name":"compute:admin"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"id":"101",
|
||||
"name":"object-store:admin",
|
||||
"tenantId":"t1000"
|
||||
}
|
||||
],
|
||||
"roles_links":[]
|
||||
},
|
||||
"serviceCatalog":[{
|
||||
"name":"Nova",
|
||||
"type":"compute",
|
||||
"endpoints":[{
|
||||
"tenantId":"t1000",
|
||||
"publicURL":"https://compute.north.host.com/v1/t1000",
|
||||
"internalURL":"https://compute.north.internal/v1/t1000",
|
||||
"region":"North",
|
||||
"versionId":"1",
|
||||
"versionInfo":"https://compute.north.host.com/v1/",
|
||||
"versionList":"https://compute.north.host.com/"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"tenantId":"t1000",
|
||||
"publicURL":"https://compute.north.host.com/v1.1/t1000",
|
||||
"internalURL":"https://compute.north.internal/v1.1/t1000",
|
||||
"region":"North",
|
||||
"versionId":"1.1",
|
||||
"versionInfo":"https://compute.north.host.com/v1.1/",
|
||||
"versionList":"https://compute.north.host.com/"
|
||||
}
|
||||
],
|
||||
"endpoints_links":[]
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"name":"Swift",
|
||||
"type":"object-store",
|
||||
"endpoints":[{
|
||||
"tenantId":"t1000",
|
||||
"publicURL":"https://storage.north.host.com/v1/t1000",
|
||||
"internalURL":"https://storage.north.internal/v1/t1000",
|
||||
"region":"North",
|
||||
"versionId":"1",
|
||||
"versionInfo":"https://storage.north.host.com/v1/",
|
||||
"versionList":"https://storage.north.host.com/"
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"tenantId":"t1000",
|
||||
"publicURL":"https://storage.south.host.com/v1/t1000",
|
||||
"internalURL":"https://storage.south.internal/v1/t1000",
|
||||
"region":"South",
|
||||
"versionId":"1",
|
||||
"versionInfo":"https://storage.south.host.com/v1/",
|
||||
"versionList":"https://storage.south.host.com/"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"name":"DNS-as-a-Service",
|
||||
"type":"dnsextension:dns",
|
||||
"endpoints":[{
|
||||
"tenantId":"t1000",
|
||||
"publicURL":"https://dns.host.com/v2.0/t1000",
|
||||
"versionId":"2.0",
|
||||
"versionInfo":"https://dns.host.com/v2.0/",
|
||||
"versionList":"https://dns.host.com/"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Note the following about this response:
|
||||
|
||||
#. There are two endpoints given to the Nova compute service. The only
|
||||
difference between them is the version (1.0 vs. 1.1). This allows for code
|
||||
written to look for the version 1.0 endpoint to still work even after the 1.1
|
||||
version is released.
|
||||
|
||||
#. There are two endpoints for the Swift object-store service. The difference
|
||||
between them is they are in different regions (North and South).
|
||||
|
||||
#. Note the DNS service is global; it does not have a Region. Also, since DNS
|
||||
is not a core OpenStack service, the endpoint type is "dnsextension:dns"
|
||||
showing it is coming from an extension to the Keystone service.
|
||||
|
||||
#. The Region, Tenant, and versionId are listed under the endpoint. You do not
|
||||
(and should not) have to parse those out of the URL. In fact, they may not be
|
||||
embedded in the URL if the service developer so chooses.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
What do the fields in an Endpoint mean?
|
||||
---------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
The schema definition for an endpoint is in endpoints.xsd under
|
||||
keystone/content/common/xsd in the Keystone code repo. The fields are:
|
||||
|
||||
id
|
||||
A unique ID for the endpoint.
|
||||
|
||||
type
|
||||
The OpenStack-registered type (ex. 'compute', 'object-store', 'image service')
|
||||
This can also be extended using the OpenStack Extension mechanism to support
|
||||
non-core services. Extended services will be in the form ``extension:type``
|
||||
(e.g. ``dnsextension:dns``)
|
||||
|
||||
name
|
||||
This can be anything that the operator of OpenStack chooses. It could be a
|
||||
brand or marketing name (ex. Rackspace Cloud Servers).
|
||||
|
||||
region
|
||||
This is a string that identifies the region where this endpoint exists.
|
||||
Examples are 'North America', 'Europe', 'Asia'. Or 'North' and 'South'. Or
|
||||
'Data Center 1', 'Data Center 2'.
|
||||
The list of regions and what a region means is decided by the operator. The
|
||||
spec treats them as opaque strings.
|
||||
|
||||
publicURL
|
||||
This is the URL to use to access that endpoint over the internet.
|
||||
|
||||
internalURL
|
||||
This is the URL to use to communicate between services. This is genenrally
|
||||
a way to communicate between services over a high bandwidth, low latency,
|
||||
unmetered (free, no bandwidth charges) network. An example would be if you
|
||||
want to access a swift cluster from inside your Nova VMs and want to make
|
||||
sure the communication stays local and does not go over a public network
|
||||
and rack up your bandwidth charges.
|
||||
|
||||
adminURL
|
||||
This is the URL to use to administer the service. In Keystone, this URL
|
||||
is only shown to users with the appropriate rights.
|
||||
|
||||
tenantId
|
||||
If an endpoint is specific to a tenant, the tenantId field identifies the
|
||||
tenant that URL applies to. Some operators include the tenant in the
|
||||
URLs for a service, while others may provide one endpoint and use some
|
||||
other mechanism to identify the tenant. This field is therefore optional.
|
||||
Having this field also means you do not have to parse the URL to identify
|
||||
a tenant if the operator includes it in the URL.
|
||||
|
||||
versionId
|
||||
This identifies the version of the API contract that endpoint supports.
|
||||
While many APIs include the version in the URL (ex: https://compute.host/v1),
|
||||
this field allows you to identify the version without parsing the URL. It
|
||||
therefore also allows operators and service developers to publish endpoints
|
||||
that do not have versions embedded in the URL.
|
||||
|
||||
versionInfo
|
||||
This is the URL to call to get some information on the version. This returns
|
||||
information in this format::
|
||||
|
||||
{
|
||||
"version": {
|
||||
"id": "v2.0",
|
||||
"status": "CURRENT",
|
||||
"updated": "2011-01-21T11:33:21-06:00",
|
||||
"links": [
|
||||
{
|
||||
"rel": "self",
|
||||
"href": "http://identity.api.openstack.org/v2.0/"
|
||||
}, {
|
||||
"rel": "describedby",
|
||||
"type": "application/pdf",
|
||||
"href": "http://docs.openstack.org/identity/api/v2.0/identity-latest.pdf"
|
||||
}, {
|
||||
"rel": "describedby",
|
||||
"type": "application/vnd.sun.wadl+xml",
|
||||
"href": "http://docs.openstack.org/identity/api/v2.0/identity.wadl"
|
||||
}
|
||||
],
|
||||
"media-types": [
|
||||
{
|
||||
"base": "application/xml",
|
||||
"type": "application/vnd.openstack.identity+xml;version=2.0"
|
||||
}, {
|
||||
"base": "application/json",
|
||||
"type": "application/vnd.openstack.identity+json;version=2.0"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
versionList
|
||||
|
||||
This is the URL to call to find out which versions are supported at that
|
||||
endpoint. The response is in this format::
|
||||
|
||||
{
|
||||
"versions":[{
|
||||
"id":"v1.0",
|
||||
"status":"DEPRECATED",
|
||||
"updated":"2009-10-09T11:30:00Z",
|
||||
"links":[{
|
||||
"rel":"self",
|
||||
"href":"http://identity.api.openstack.org/v1.0/"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"id":"v1.1",
|
||||
"status":"CURRENT",
|
||||
"updated":"2010-12-12T18:30:02.25Z",
|
||||
"links":[{
|
||||
"rel":"self",
|
||||
"href":"http://identity.api.openstack.org/v1.1/"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"id":"v2.0",
|
||||
"status":"BETA",
|
||||
"updated":"2011-05-27T20:22:02.25Z",
|
||||
"links":[{
|
||||
"rel":"self",
|
||||
"href":"http://identity.api.openstack.org/v2.0/"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
],
|
||||
"versions_links":[]
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Here, the response shows that the endpoint supports version 1.0, 1.1, and 2.0.
|
||||
It also shows that 1.0 is in DEPRECTAED status and 2.0 is in BETA.
|
||||
|
||||
What are Endpoint Templates?
|
||||
----------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Endpoint Templates are a way for an administrator to manage endpoints en masse.
|
||||
They provide a way to define Endpoints that apply to many or all tenants
|
||||
without having to a create each endpoint on each tenant manually. Without
|
||||
Endpoint Templates, if I wanted to create Endpoints for each tenant in my
|
||||
OpenStack deployment, I'd have to manually create a bunch of endpoints on
|
||||
each tenant (probably when I created the tenant). And then I'd have to go change
|
||||
them all whenever a service changed versions or I added a new service.
|
||||
|
||||
To provide a simpler mechanism to manage endpoints on tenants, Keystone uses
|
||||
Endpoint Templates. I can, for example, define a template with parametrized URLs
|
||||
and set it's `global` to true and that will show up as an endpoint on all the tenants
|
||||
I have. Here is an example:
|
||||
|
||||
Define a global Endpoint Template::
|
||||
|
||||
$ ./keystone-manage endpointTemplates add North nova https://compute.north.example.com/v1/%tenant_id%/ https://compute.north.example.corp/v1/ https://compute.north.example.local/v1/%tenant_id%/ 1 1
|
||||
|
||||
The arguments are: object_type action 'region' 'service_name' 'publicURL' 'adminURL' 'internalURL' 'enabled' 'global'
|
||||
|
||||
This creates a global endpoint (global means it gets applied to all tenants automatically).
|
||||
|
||||
Now, when a user authenticates, they get that endpoint in their service catalog. Here's an example
|
||||
authentication request for use against tenant 1::
|
||||
|
||||
$ curl -H "Content-type: application/json" -d '{"auth":{"passwordCredentials":{"username":"joeuser","password":"secrete"}, "tenantId": "1"}}' http://localhost:5000/v2.0/tokens
|
||||
|
||||
The response is::
|
||||
|
||||
{
|
||||
"access": {
|
||||
"serviceCatalog": [
|
||||
{
|
||||
"endpoints": [
|
||||
{
|
||||
"internalURL": "https://compute.north.example.local",
|
||||
"publicURL": "https://compute.north.example.com/v1/1/",
|
||||
"region": "North"
|
||||
}
|
||||
],
|
||||
"name": "nova",
|
||||
"type": "compute"
|
||||
}
|
||||
],
|
||||
"token": {
|
||||
"expires": "2012-02-05T00:00:00",
|
||||
"id": "887665443383838",
|
||||
"tenant": {
|
||||
"id": "1",
|
||||
"name": "customer-x"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"user": {
|
||||
"id": "1",
|
||||
"name": "joeuser",
|
||||
"roles": [
|
||||
{
|
||||
"id": "3",
|
||||
"name": "Member",
|
||||
"tenantId": "1"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Notice the adminURL is not showing (this user is a regular user and does not
|
||||
have rights to see the adminURL) and the tenant ID has been substituted in the
|
||||
URL::
|
||||
|
||||
"publicURL": "https://compute.north.example.com/v1/1/",
|
||||
|
||||
This endpoint will show up for all tenants. The OpenStack administrator does
|
||||
not need to create the endpoint manually.
|
||||
|
||||
.. note:: Endpoint Templates are not part of the core Keystone API (but Endpoints are).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
What parameters can I use in a Template URL
|
||||
-------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Currently the only parameterization available is %tenant_id% which gets
|
||||
substituted by the Tenant ID.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Endpoint Template Types: Global or not
|
||||
--------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
When the global flag is set to true on an Endpoint Template, it means it should
|
||||
be available to all tenants. Whenever someone authenticates to a tenant, they
|
||||
will see the Endpoint generated by that template.
|
||||
|
||||
When the global flag is not set, the template only shows up when it is added to
|
||||
a tenant manually. To add an endpoint to a tenant manually, you must create
|
||||
the Endpoint and supply the Endpoint Template ID:
|
||||
|
||||
Create the Endpoint Template::
|
||||
|
||||
$ ./keystone-manage endpointTemplates add West nova https://compute.west.example.com/v1/%tenant_id%/ https://compute.west.example.corp https://compute.west.example.local 1 0
|
||||
|
||||
Note the 0 at the end - this Endpoint Template is not global. So it will not show up for users authenticating.
|
||||
|
||||
Find the Endpoint Template ID::
|
||||
|
||||
$ ./keystone-manage endpointTemplates list
|
||||
|
||||
All EndpointTemplates
|
||||
id service type region enabled is_global Public URL Admin URL
|
||||
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
15 nova compute North True True https://compute.north.example.com/v1/%tenant_id%/ https://compute.north.example.corp
|
||||
16 nova compute West True False https://compute.west.example.com/v1/%tenant_id%/ https://compute.west.example.corp
|
||||
|
||||
Add the Endpoint to the tenant::
|
||||
|
||||
$ ./keystone-manage endpoint add customer-x 16
|
||||
|
||||
Now, when the user authenticates, they get the endpoint::
|
||||
|
||||
{
|
||||
"internalURL": "https://compute.west.example.local",
|
||||
"publicURL": "https://compute.west.example.com/v1/1/",
|
||||
"region": "West"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
Who can see the AdminURL?
|
||||
-------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Users who have the Keystone `Admin` or `Service Admin` roles will see the
|
||||
AdminURL when they authenticate or when they retrieve token information:
|
||||
|
||||
Using an administrator token to authenticate, GET a client token's endpoints::
|
||||
|
||||
$ curl -H "X-Auth-Token: 999888777666" http://localhost:35357/v2.0/tokens/887665443383838/endpoints
|
||||
|
||||
{
|
||||
"endpoints": [
|
||||
{
|
||||
"adminURL": "https://compute.west.example.corp",
|
||||
"id": 6,
|
||||
"internalURL": "https://compute.west.example.local",
|
||||
"name": "nova",
|
||||
"publicURL": "https://compute.west.example.com/v1/1/",
|
||||
"region": "West",
|
||||
"tenantId": 1,
|
||||
"type": "compute"
|
||||
}
|
||||
],
|
||||
"endpoints_links": [
|
||||
{
|
||||
"href": "http://127.0.0.1:35357/tokens/887665443383838/endpoints?marker=6&limit=10",
|
||||
"rel": "next"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
|
|||
..
|
||||
Copyright 2011 OpenStack, LLC
|
||||
All Rights Reserved.
|
||||
|
||||
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
|
||||
not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
|
||||
a copy of the License at
|
||||
|
||||
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
|
||||
|
||||
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
|
||||
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
|
||||
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
|
||||
License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
|
||||
under the License.
|
||||
|
||||
==========
|
||||
Extensions
|
||||
==========
|
||||
|
||||
Extensions support adding features and functions to OpenStack APIs at any time, without prior
|
||||
approval or waiting for a new API and release cycles.
|
||||
|
||||
The extension framework is in development and documented in extensions_ and extensionspresentation_.
|
||||
|
||||
This document describes the extensions included with Keystone, how to enable and disable them,
|
||||
and briefly touches on how to write your own extensions.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _extensions: http://docs.openstack.org/trunk/openstack-compute/developer/openstack-api-extensions/content/ch02s01.html
|
||||
.. _extensionspresentation: http://www.slideshare.net/RackerWilliams/openstack-extensions
|
||||
|
||||
Built-in Extensions
|
||||
-------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Keystone ships with a number of extensions found under the
|
||||
``keystone/contib/extensions`` folder.
|
||||
|
||||
The following built-in extensions are included:
|
||||
|
||||
OS-KSADM
|
||||
|
||||
This is an extensions that supports managing users, tenants, and roles
|
||||
through the API. Without this extensions, the ony way to manage those
|
||||
objects is through keystone-manage or directly in the underlying database.
|
||||
|
||||
This is an Admin API extension only.
|
||||
|
||||
OS-KSCATALOG
|
||||
|
||||
This extensions supports managing Endpoints and prrovides the Endpoint
|
||||
Template mechanism for managing bulk endpoints.
|
||||
|
||||
This is an Admin API extension only.
|
||||
|
||||
OS-EC2
|
||||
|
||||
This extension adds support for EC2 credentials.
|
||||
|
||||
This is an Admin and Service API extension.
|
||||
|
||||
RAX-GRP
|
||||
|
||||
This extension adds functionality the enables groups.
|
||||
|
||||
This is an Admin and Service API extension.
|
||||
|
||||
RAX-KEY
|
||||
|
||||
This extensions adds support for authentication with an API Key (the core
|
||||
Keystone API only supports username/password credentials)
|
||||
|
||||
This is an Admin and Service API extension.
|
||||
|
||||
HP-IDM
|
||||
|
||||
This extension adds capability to filter roles with optional service IDs
|
||||
for token validation to mitigate security risks with role name conflicts.
|
||||
See https://bugs.launchpad.net/keystone/+bug/890411 for more details.
|
||||
|
||||
This is an Admin API extension. Applicable to validate token (GET)
|
||||
and check token (HEAD) APIs only.
|
||||
|
||||
OS-KSVALIDATE
|
||||
|
||||
This extensions supports admin calls to /tokens without having to specify
|
||||
the token ID in the URL. Instead, the ID is supplied in a header called
|
||||
X-Subject-Token. This is provided as an alternative to address any security
|
||||
concerns that arise when token IDs are passed as part of the URL which is
|
||||
often (and by default) logged to insecure media.
|
||||
|
||||
This is an Admin API extension only.
|
||||
|
||||
.. note::
|
||||
|
||||
The included extensions are in the process of being rewritten. Currently
|
||||
osksadm, oskscatalog, hpidm, and osksvalidate work with this new
|
||||
extensions design.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Enabling & Disabling Extensions
|
||||
-------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
The Keystone conf file has a property called extensions. This property holds
|
||||
the list of supported extensions that you want enabled. If you want to
|
||||
add/remove an extension from being supported, add/remove the extension key
|
||||
from this property. The key is the name of the folder of the extension
|
||||
under the keystone/contrib/extensions folder.
|
||||
|
||||
.. note::
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to load different extensions in the service API than the Admin API
|
||||
you need to use different config files.
|
||||
|
||||
Creating New Extensions
|
||||
-----------------------
|
||||
|
||||
#. **Adopt a unique organization abbreviation.**
|
||||
|
||||
This prefix should uniquely identify your organization within the community.
|
||||
The goal is to avoid schema and resource collisions with similiar extensions.
|
||||
(e.g. ``OS`` for OpenStack, ``RAX`` for Rackspace, or ``HP`` for Hewlett-Packard)
|
||||
|
||||
#. **Adopt a unique extension abbreviation.**
|
||||
|
||||
Select an abbreviation to identify your extension, and append to
|
||||
your organization prefix using a hyphen (``-``), by convention
|
||||
(e.g. ``OS-KSADM`` (for OpenStack's Keystone Administration extension).
|
||||
|
||||
This combination is referred to as your extension's prefix.
|
||||
|
||||
#. **Determine the scope of your extension.**
|
||||
|
||||
Extensions can enhance the Admin API, Service API or both.
|
||||
|
||||
#. **Create a new module.**
|
||||
|
||||
Create a module to isolate your namespace based on the extension prefix
|
||||
you selected::
|
||||
|
||||
keystone/contrib/extensions/admin
|
||||
|
||||
... and/or::
|
||||
|
||||
keystone/contrib/extensions/service/
|
||||
|
||||
... based on which API you are enhancing.
|
||||
|
||||
.. note::
|
||||
|
||||
In the future, we will support loading external extensions.
|
||||
|
||||
#. Add static extension files for JSON (``*.json``) and XML
|
||||
(``*.xml``) to the new extension module.
|
||||
|
||||
Refer to `Service Guide <https://github.com/openstack/keystone/blob/master/keystone/content/admin/identityadminguide.pdf?raw=true>`_
|
||||
`Sample extension XML <https://github.com/openstack/keystone/blob/master/keystone/content/common/samples/extension.json>`_
|
||||
`Sample extension JSON <https://github.com/openstack/keystone/blob/master/keystone/content/common/samples/extension.xml>`_ for the the content and structure.
|
||||
|
||||
#. If your extension is adding additional methods override the base class
|
||||
``BaseExtensionHandler``, name it ``ExtensionHandler``, and add your methods.
|
||||
|
||||
#. **Document your work.**
|
||||
|
||||
Provide documentation to support your extension.
|
||||
|
||||
Extensions documentation, WADL, and XSD files can be stored in the
|
||||
``keystone/content`` folder.
|
||||
|
||||
#. Add your extension name to the list of supported extensions in The
|
||||
``keystone.conf`` file.
|
||||
|
||||
Which extensions are enabled?
|
||||
-----------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Discover which extensions are available (service API)::
|
||||
|
||||
curl http://localhost:5000/v2.0/extensions
|
||||
|
||||
... or (admin API)::
|
||||
|
||||
curl http://localhost:35357/v2.0/extensions
|
||||
|
||||
The response will list the extensions available.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
|
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<title>Both</title>
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<g id="node2" class="node"><title>AuthComp</title>
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<g id="node4" class="node"><title>Together</title>
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<g id="edge3" class="edge"><title>AuthComp->Together:OStack:n</title>
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<svg width="656pt" height="81pt"
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<g id="edge3" class="edge"><title>Start->AuthComp</title>
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<g id="edge9" class="edge"><title>AuthComp->Start</title>
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<g id="edge5" class="edge"><title>AuthComp->Service</title>
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<text text-anchor="middle" x="451" y="-60.634" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Authorization: Basic dTpw</text>
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<text text-anchor="middle" x="451" y="-45.634" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">X-Authorization: Proxy U</text>
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<text text-anchor="middle" x="451" y="-30.634" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">X-Identity-Status: Confirmed</text>
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<g id="edge7" class="edge"><title>Service->AuthComp</title>
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<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="357.121,-7.15517 348.066,-12.6562 358.575,-14.0025 357.121,-7.15517"/>
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<text text-anchor="middle" x="451" y="-11.634" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">200 Okay</text>
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<svg width="670pt" height="102pt"
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viewBox="0.00 0.00 670.00 101.64" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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<title>DelegateRejectForbidden</title>
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<g id="node4" class="node"><title>AuthComp</title>
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<g id="edge3" class="edge"><title>Start->AuthComp</title>
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<!-- AuthComp->Start -->
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<g id="edge5" class="edge"><title>AuthComp->Start</title>
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<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M249.934,-26.0577C243.944,-24.6511 237.868,-23.4514 232,-22.6355 161.567,-12.8417 141.697,-8.52478 72,-22.6355 69.1948,-23.2034 66.3471,-23.9518 63.5169,-24.8233"/>
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<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="62.3066,-21.5388 54.0489,-28.1766 64.6436,-28.1372 62.3066,-21.5388"/>
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<text text-anchor="middle" x="152" y="-25.0355" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">403 Forbidden</text>
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</g>
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<!-- Service -->
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<g id="node7" class="node"><title>Service</title>
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<polygon fill="#d1ebf1" stroke="#1f477d" points="662,-61.6355 568,-61.6355 568,-21.6355 662,-21.6355 662,-61.6355"/>
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<text text-anchor="middle" x="615" y="-45.0355" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="14.00">OpenStack</text>
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<text text-anchor="middle" x="615" y="-29.0355" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="14.00">Service</text>
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<g id="edge7" class="edge"><title>AuthComp->Service</title>
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<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M348.009,-45.7159C354.065,-46.0953 360.172,-46.4183 366,-46.6355 447.721,-49.6805 468.282,-49.7738 550,-46.6355 552.523,-46.5386 555.101,-46.4206 557.704,-46.2859"/>
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<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="558.03,-49.7729 567.807,-45.6931 557.62,-42.7849 558.03,-49.7729"/>
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<text text-anchor="middle" x="458" y="-81.0355" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Authorization: Basic dTpw</text>
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<text text-anchor="middle" x="458" y="-66.0355" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">X-Authorization: Proxy U</text>
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<text text-anchor="middle" x="458" y="-51.0355" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">X-Identity-Status: Confirmed</text>
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<!-- Service->AuthComp -->
|
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<g id="edge9" class="edge"><title>Service->AuthComp</title>
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<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M577.062,-21.5392C568.397,-17.8542 559.064,-14.5658 550,-12.6355 470.016,4.39794 446.078,3.95128 366,-12.6355 359.891,-13.9008 353.655,-15.7515 347.566,-17.9158"/>
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<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="346.234,-14.6781 338.158,-21.5358 348.748,-21.2112 346.234,-14.6781"/>
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<text text-anchor="middle" x="458" y="-30.0355" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">403 Forbidden</text>
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<text text-anchor="middle" x="458" y="-15.0355" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">WWW-Authenticate: Delegated</text>
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</g>
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</g>
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</svg>
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<!-- Title: DelegateForbiddnProxy Pages: 1 -->
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<svg width="656pt" height="81pt"
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viewBox="0.00 0.00 656.00 81.23" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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<g id="edge3" class="edge"><title>Start->AuthComp</title>
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<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="239.864,-31.7341 249.863,-28.234 239.863,-24.7341 239.864,-31.7341"/>
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<!-- AuthComp->Start -->
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<g id="edge5" class="edge"><title>AuthComp->Start</title>
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<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M249.934,-12.6562C243.944,-11.2496 237.868,-10.0499 232,-9.23398 161.567,0.55976 141.697,4.87673 72,-9.23398 69.1948,-9.80192 66.3471,-10.5503 63.5169,-11.4218"/>
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<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="62.3066,-8.13733 54.0489,-14.7751 64.6436,-14.7357 62.3066,-8.13733"/>
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<g id="node7" class="node"><title>Service</title>
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<text text-anchor="middle" x="601" y="-15.634" font-family="Helvetica,sans-Serif" font-size="14.00">Service</text>
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<g id="edge7" class="edge"><title>AuthComp->Service</title>
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<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="543.818,-31.7341 553.818,-28.234 543.818,-24.7341 543.818,-31.7341"/>
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<text text-anchor="middle" x="451" y="-60.634" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">Authorization: Basic dTpw</text>
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<text text-anchor="middle" x="451" y="-45.634" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">X-Authorization: Proxy U</text>
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<text text-anchor="middle" x="451" y="-30.634" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">X-Identity-Status: Confirmed</text>
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</g>
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<g id="edge9" class="edge"><title>Service->AuthComp</title>
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<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M553.774,-12.7435C547.845,-11.2995 541.819,-10.067 536,-9.23398 461.207,1.47328 440.836,1.17187 366,-9.23398 363.341,-9.6037 360.639,-10.0522 357.922,-10.5631"/>
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<polygon fill="black" stroke="black" points="357.121,-7.15517 348.066,-12.6562 358.575,-14.0025 357.121,-7.15517"/>
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<!-- Title: DelegateRejectAuthBasic Pages: 1 -->
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<g id="edge3" class="edge"><title>Start->AuthComp</title>
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<!-- AuthComp->Start -->
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<g id="edge5" class="edge"><title>AuthComp->Start</title>
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<path fill="none" stroke="black" d="M268.012,-32.6508C256.688,-25.9141 243.253,-19.2572 230,-15.8409 162.001,1.68741 138.106,7.84667 72,-15.8409 64.6685,-18.468 57.6762,-22.8621 51.4824,-27.7226"/>
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<text text-anchor="middle" x="151" y="-33.2409" font-family="Times,serif" font-size="14.00">WWW-Authenticate: Basic</text>
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<g id="edge7" class="edge"><title>AuthComp->Service</title>
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<g id="edge9" class="edge"><title>Service->AuthComp</title>
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<g id="edge3" class="edge"><title>Start->Mapper</title>
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<g id="edge5" class="edge"><title>Mapper:sw->Auths:auth1</title>
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<g id="edge7" class="edge"><title>Mapper:s->Auths:auth2</title>
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<g id="edge9" class="edge"><title>Mapper:se->Auths:auth3</title>
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<g id="edge13" class="edge"><title>Auths:auth2->Service</title>
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<g id="edge15" class="edge"><title>Auths:auth3->Service</title>
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xml:space="preserve"
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id="14">Internal Error</text>
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style="font-size:8.80000019px;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;text-align:start;text-anchor:start;fill:#ff0000;font-family:Arial"
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xml:space="preserve"
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<text
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style="font-size:8.80000019px;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;text-align:start;text-anchor:start;fill:#ff0000;font-family:Arial"
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y="32.799999"
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x="206.39999"
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xml:space="preserve"
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id="16">Proxy Unauthorized</text>
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<path
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d="m 114.4,23.3 c 1,12.6 -38.55,19.05 -91.35,14.85"
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inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
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inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
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<path
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d="m 115.6,37.3 67.2,0 0,-28.8 -67.2,0 0,28.8 z"
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inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
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<text
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style="font-size:9.60000038px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;text-align:start;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;font-family:Arial"
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y="20"
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xml:space="preserve"
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id="21">Auth</text>
|
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<text
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xml:space="preserve"
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id="22">Component</text>
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<path
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d="M 292.6,22.9 C 295,47.25 251.2,54.6 192,39.75"
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style="fill:none;stroke:#ff0000;stroke-width:0.75px;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"
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inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
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d="m 191.95,43.3 -9.15,-6 10.9,-0.7 -1.75,6.7 z"
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style="fill:#ff0000;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:none"
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id="24"
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inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
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d="m 293.8,8.5 0,28.8 67.2,0 0,-28.8 -67.2,0 z"
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style="fill:#d1ebf1;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:none"
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id="25"
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inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
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<path
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d="m 293.8,37.3 67.2,0 0,-28.8 -67.2,0 0,28.8 z"
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style="fill:none;stroke:#1f477d;stroke-width:1.29999995px;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"
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<text
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style="font-size:9.60000038px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;text-align:start;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;font-family:Arial"
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y="20"
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xml:space="preserve"
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id="27">OpenStack</text>
|
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<text
|
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style="font-size:9.60000038px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;text-align:start;text-anchor:start;fill:#000000;font-family:Arial"
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y="31.200001"
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x="310.39999"
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xml:space="preserve"
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id="28">Service</text>
|
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<path
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d="m 182.8,22.9 101.5,0"
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style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.75px;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"
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d="M 1.6,22.9 106.7,22.85"
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<path
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d="m 105.85,19.35 10.35,3.5 -10.35,3.45 0,-6.95 z"
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</svg>
|
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|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 9.3 KiB |
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
|
|||
..
|
||||
Copyright 2011 OpenStack, LLC
|
||||
All Rights Reserved.
|
||||
|
||||
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
|
||||
not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
|
||||
a copy of the License at
|
||||
|
||||
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
|
||||
|
||||
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
|
||||
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
|
||||
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
|
||||
License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
|
||||
under the License.
|
||||
|
||||
==========
|
||||
Middleware
|
||||
==========
|
||||
|
||||
The Keystone middleware sits in front of an OpenStack service and handles authenticating
|
||||
incoming requests. The middleware was designed according to `this spec`.
|
||||
|
||||
The middleware is found in source under Keystone/middleware.
|
||||
|
||||
The middleware supports two interfaces; WSGI and REST/HTTP.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`this spec`: http://wiki.openstack.org/openstack-authn
|
||||
|
||||
REST & HTTP API
|
||||
===============
|
||||
|
||||
If an unauthenticated call comes in, the middleware will respond with a 401 Unauthorized error. As per
|
||||
HTTP standards, it will also return a WWW-Authenticate header informing the caller
|
||||
of what protocols are supported. For Keystone authentication, the response syntax will be::
|
||||
|
||||
WWW-Authenticate: Keystone uri="url to Keystone server"
|
||||
|
||||
The client can then make the necessary calls to the Keystone server, obtain a token, and retry the call with the token.
|
||||
|
||||
The token is passed in using ther X-Auth-Token header.
|
||||
|
||||
WSGI API (Headers)
|
||||
==================
|
||||
|
||||
Upon successful authentication the middleware sends the following
|
||||
headers to the downstream WSGI app:
|
||||
|
||||
X-Identity-Status
|
||||
Provides information on whether the request was authenticated or not.
|
||||
|
||||
X-Tenant
|
||||
Provides the tenant ID (as it appears in the URL in Keystone). This is to support any legacy implementations before Keystone switched to an ID/Name schema for tenants.
|
||||
|
||||
X-Tenant-Id
|
||||
The unique, immutable tenant Id
|
||||
|
||||
X-Tenant-Name
|
||||
The unique, but mutable (it can change) tenant name.
|
||||
|
||||
X-User-Id
|
||||
The user id of the user used to log in
|
||||
|
||||
X-User-Name
|
||||
The username used to log in
|
||||
|
||||
X-User
|
||||
The username used to log in. This is to support any legacy implementations before Keystone switched to an ID/Name schema for tenants.
|
||||
|
||||
X-Roles
|
||||
The roles associated with that user
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Configuration
|
||||
=============
|
||||
|
||||
The middleware is configured within the config file of the main application as
|
||||
a WSGI component. Example for the auth_token middleware::
|
||||
|
||||
[app:myService]
|
||||
paste.app_factory = myService:app_factory
|
||||
|
||||
[pipeline:main]
|
||||
pipeline =
|
||||
tokenauth
|
||||
myService
|
||||
|
||||
[filter:tokenauth]
|
||||
paste.filter_factory = keystone.middleware.auth_token:filter_factory
|
||||
auth_host = 127.0.0.1
|
||||
auth_port = 35357
|
||||
auth_protocol = http
|
||||
auth_uri = http://127.0.0.1:5000/
|
||||
admin_token = 999888777666
|
||||
;Uncomment next line and check ip:port to use memcached to cache token requests
|
||||
;memcache_hosts = 127.0.0.1:11211
|
||||
|
||||
*The required configuration entries are:*
|
||||
|
||||
auth_host
|
||||
The IP address or DNS name of the Keystone server
|
||||
|
||||
auth_port
|
||||
The TCP/IP port of the Keystone server
|
||||
|
||||
auth_protocol
|
||||
The protocol of the Keystone server ('http' or 'https')
|
||||
|
||||
auth_uri
|
||||
The externally accessible URL of the Keystone server. This will be where unauthenticated
|
||||
clients are redirected to. This is in the form of a URL. For example, if they make an
|
||||
unauthenticated call, they get this response::
|
||||
|
||||
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
|
||||
Www-Authenticate: Keystone uri='https://auth.example.com/'
|
||||
Content-Length: 381
|
||||
|
||||
In this case, the auth_uri setting is set to https://auth.example.com/
|
||||
|
||||
admin_token
|
||||
This is the long-lived token issued to the service to authenticate itself when calling
|
||||
Keystone. See :doc:`configuration` for more information on setting this up.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*Optional parameters are:*
|
||||
|
||||
delay_auth_decision
|
||||
Whether the middleware should reject invalid or unauthenticated calls directly or not. If not,
|
||||
it will send all calls down to the service to decide, but it will set the HTTP-X-IDENTITY-STATUS
|
||||
header appropriately (set to'Confirmed' or 'Indeterminate' based on validation) and the
|
||||
service can then decide if it wants to honor the call or not. This is useful if the service offers
|
||||
some resources publicly, for example.
|
||||
|
||||
auth_timeout
|
||||
The amount of time to wait before timing out a call to Keystone (in seconds)
|
||||
|
||||
memcache_hosts
|
||||
This is used to point to a memcached server (in ip:port format). If supplied,
|
||||
the middleware will cache tokens and data retrieved from Keystone in memcached
|
||||
to minimize calls made to Keystone and optimize performance.
|
||||
|
||||
.. warning::
|
||||
Tokens are cached for the duration of their validity. If they are revoked eariler in Keystone,
|
||||
the service will not know and will continue to honor the token as it has them stored in memcached.
|
||||
Also note that tokens and data stored in memcached are not encrypted. The memcached server must
|
||||
be trusted and on a secure network.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
*Parameters needed in a distributed topology.* In this configuration, the middleware is running
|
||||
on a separate machine or cluster than the protected service (not common - see :doc:`middleware_architecture`
|
||||
for details on different deployment topologies):
|
||||
|
||||
service_host
|
||||
The IP address or DNS name of the location of the service (since it is remote
|
||||
and not automatically down the WSGI chain)
|
||||
|
||||
service_port
|
||||
The TCP/IP port of the remote service.
|
||||
|
||||
service_protocol
|
||||
The protocol of the service ('http' or 'https')
|
||||
|
||||
service_pass
|
||||
The basic auth password used to authenticate to the service (so the service
|
||||
knows the call is coming from a server that has validated the token and not from
|
||||
an untrusted source or spoofer)
|
||||
|
||||
service_timeout
|
||||
The amount of time to wait for the service to respond before timing out.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,529 @@
|
|||
..
|
||||
Copyright 2011 OpenStack, LLC
|
||||
All Rights Reserved.
|
||||
|
||||
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
|
||||
not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
|
||||
a copy of the License at
|
||||
|
||||
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
|
||||
|
||||
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
|
||||
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
|
||||
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
|
||||
License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
|
||||
under the License.
|
||||
|
||||
=======================
|
||||
Middleware Architecture
|
||||
=======================
|
||||
|
||||
Abstract
|
||||
========
|
||||
|
||||
The Keystone middleware architecture supports multiple authentication protocols
|
||||
in a pluggable manner in OpenStack. By providing support for authentication via
|
||||
pluggable authentication components, this architecture allows OpenStack
|
||||
services to be integrated easily into existing deployment environments. It also
|
||||
provides a path by which to implement support for emerging authentication
|
||||
standards such as OAUTH.
|
||||
|
||||
Rationale and Goals
|
||||
===================
|
||||
|
||||
Keystone is the Identity service for OpenStack. To support the easy integrating
|
||||
of OpenStack with existing authentication and identity management systems,
|
||||
Keystone supports talking to multiple backends like LDAP.
|
||||
And to support different deployment needs, it can support multiple
|
||||
authentication protocols via pluggable 'authentication components' implemented
|
||||
as WSGI middleware.
|
||||
|
||||
In this document, we describe the responsibilities of the authentication
|
||||
middleware. We describe how these interact with underlying OpenStack services
|
||||
and how existing services can be modified to take advantage of pluggable
|
||||
authentication. The goal is to allow OpenStack services to be integrated easily
|
||||
into existing deployment environments and to provide a path by which to
|
||||
implement support for emerging authentication standards such as OAUTH.
|
||||
|
||||
Specification Overview
|
||||
======================
|
||||
|
||||
'Authentication' is the process of determining that users are who they say they
|
||||
are. Typically, 'authentication protocols' such as HTTP Basic Auth, Digest
|
||||
Access, public key, token, etc, are used to verify a user's identity. In this
|
||||
document, we define an ''authentication component'' as a software module that
|
||||
implements an authentication protocol for an OpenStack service.
|
||||
|
||||
At a high level, an authentication component is simply a reverse proxy that
|
||||
intercepts HTTP calls from clients. Once it has verified a user's identity, the
|
||||
authentication component extends the call with information about the current
|
||||
user and forwards the request to the OpenStack service. Otherwise, if a user's
|
||||
identity is not verified, the message is rejected before it gets to the
|
||||
service. This is illustrated in :ref:`authComponent`.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _authComponent:
|
||||
|
||||
Authentication Component
|
||||
------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Figure 1. Authentication Component
|
||||
|
||||
.. image:: images/graphs_authComp.svg
|
||||
:width: 100%
|
||||
:height: 180
|
||||
:alt: An Authentication Component
|
||||
|
||||
Authentication components may operate in 'delegated mode'. In this mode, the
|
||||
decision reject an unauthenticated client is delegated to the OpenStack
|
||||
service. Delegated mode is illustrated in :ref:`authComponentDelegated`.
|
||||
|
||||
Here, requests are forwarded to the OpenStack service with an identity status
|
||||
message that indicates whether the client's identity has been confirmed or is
|
||||
indeterminate. It is the OpenStack service that decides whether or not a reject
|
||||
message should be sent to the client. Note that it is always the responsibility
|
||||
of the Authentication Component to transmit reject messages to the client.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _authComponentDelegated:
|
||||
|
||||
Authentication Component (Delegated Mode)
|
||||
-----------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Figure 2. Authentication Component (Delegated Mode)
|
||||
|
||||
.. image:: images/graphs_authCompDelegate.svg
|
||||
:width: 100%
|
||||
:height: 180
|
||||
:alt: An Authentication Component (Delegated Mode)
|
||||
|
||||
In this architecture, we define interactions between the authentication component
|
||||
and the OpenStack service. Interactions between the client and the
|
||||
authentication component are defined only for exceptional cases. For example,
|
||||
we define the message that should be returned when the OpenStack service is
|
||||
down. Other interactions, however, are defined by the underlying authentication
|
||||
protocol and the OpenStack service and are considered out of scope.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _deployStrategies:
|
||||
|
||||
Deployment Strategies
|
||||
=====================
|
||||
|
||||
An authentication component may be integrated directly into the service
|
||||
implementation, or it may be deployed separately as an HTTP reverse proxy. This
|
||||
is illustrated in :ref:`deployment`, showing both approaches to
|
||||
authentication, labeled Option (a) and Option (b).
|
||||
|
||||
.. _deployment:
|
||||
|
||||
Authentication Component Deployments Options
|
||||
--------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Figure 3. Authentication Component Deployments Options
|
||||
|
||||
.. image:: images/images_layouts.svg
|
||||
:width: 100%
|
||||
:height: 180
|
||||
:alt: Authentication Component Deployments Options
|
||||
|
||||
In Option (a), the component is integrated into the service implementation. In
|
||||
this case, communication between the authentication component and the service
|
||||
can be efficiently implemented via a method call. In Option (b), the component
|
||||
is deployed separately and communication between the service and the component
|
||||
involves an HTTP request. In both cases, unauthenticated requests are filtered
|
||||
before they reach the service.
|
||||
|
||||
Each approach offers some benefits. Option (a) offers low latency and ease of
|
||||
initial implementation, making it possibly most appropriate as a starting point
|
||||
for simple configurations. Option (b) offers several key advantages that may be
|
||||
of particular value in complex and dynamic configurations. It offers the
|
||||
ability to scale horizontally in cases where authentication is computationally
|
||||
expensive, such as when verifying digital signatures. Option (b) also allows
|
||||
authentication components to be written in different programming languages.
|
||||
Finally, Option (b) allows multiple authentication components to be deployed in
|
||||
front of the same service.
|
||||
|
||||
OpenStack services can support both embedded (Option (a)) and external (Option
|
||||
(b)) deployment strategies. Individual authentication components should support
|
||||
either strategy or they |may| support both strategies. In order to support
|
||||
option (a), authentication components written in the Python programming
|
||||
language should be written as WSGI middleware components (in accordance with
|
||||
the Web Server Gateway Interface (WSGI) standard [PEP-333]_.
|
||||
|
||||
Additionally, services should support the ability to swap between different
|
||||
embedded or external authentication components via configuration options.
|
||||
|
||||
Exchanging User Information
|
||||
===========================
|
||||
|
||||
If a request is successfully authenticated, the authentication component must
|
||||
extend the request by adding an ``X-Authorization`` header. The header |must|
|
||||
be formatted as illustrated in :ref:`xAuthHeader`.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _xAuthHeader:
|
||||
|
||||
X-Authorization Header
|
||||
----------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Example 1. X-Authorization Header::
|
||||
|
||||
X-Authorization: Proxy JoeUser
|
||||
|
||||
Here, `Proxy` denotes that the authentication occurred via a proxy (in this
|
||||
case authentication component) and ''JoeUser'' is the name of the user who
|
||||
issued the request.
|
||||
|
||||
.. note:
|
||||
|
||||
We considered using an ``Authorization`` header rather than an
|
||||
``X-Authorization``, thereby following normal HTTP semantics. There are some
|
||||
cases, however, where multiple ``Authorization`` headers need to be transmitted
|
||||
in a single request. We want to assure ourselves that this will not break
|
||||
common clients before we recommend the approach.
|
||||
|
||||
Authentication components |may| extend the request with additional
|
||||
information. For example, an authentication system may add additional headers
|
||||
or modify the target URI to pass authentication information to the back-end
|
||||
service. Additionally, an authentication component |may| strip sensitive
|
||||
information — a plain text password, for example — from the request. That said,
|
||||
an authentication component |should| pass the majority of the request
|
||||
unmodified.
|
||||
|
||||
Reverse Proxy Authentication
|
||||
----------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
An OpenStack service |should| verify that it is receiving requests from a
|
||||
trusted authentication component. This is particularly important in cases where
|
||||
the authentication component and the OpenStack service are deployed separately.
|
||||
In order to trust incoming requests, the OpenStack service should therefore
|
||||
authenticate the authentication component. To avoid confusion, we call this
|
||||
'reverse proxy authentication', since in this case the authentication
|
||||
component is acting as an HTTP reverse proxy.
|
||||
|
||||
Any HTTP-based authentication scheme may be used for reverse proxy
|
||||
authentication; however, all OpenStack services and all authentication
|
||||
components |must| support HTTP Basic Authentication as defined in
|
||||
[RFC-2617]_.
|
||||
|
||||
Whether or not reverse proxy authentication is required is strictly a
|
||||
deployment concern. For example, an operations team may opt to utilize firewall
|
||||
rules instead of an authentication protocol to verify the integrity of incoming
|
||||
request. Because of this, both OpenStack services and authentication components
|
||||
|must| also allow for unauthenticated communication.
|
||||
|
||||
In cases where reverse proxy authentication is used, the authorization
|
||||
component may receive an HTTP 401 authentication error or an HTTP 403
|
||||
authorization error. These errors indicate that the component does not have
|
||||
access to the underlying OpenStack service. The authentication component
|
||||
|must not| return these errors to the client application. Instead, the
|
||||
component |must| return a 500 internal error. This is illustrated in
|
||||
:ref:`proxyAuth` and :ref:`proxyAuthDelegated` below. The component
|
||||
|should| format the errors in a manner that does not break the service
|
||||
contract defined by the OpenStack service. :ref:`proxyAuthDelegated`
|
||||
illustrates proxy authorization in delegated mode. Delegated mode is discussed
|
||||
in detail in the next section.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _proxyAuth:
|
||||
|
||||
Reverse Proxy Authentication
|
||||
----------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Figure 4. Reverse Proxy Authentication
|
||||
|
||||
.. image:: images/graphs_proxyAuth.svg
|
||||
:width: 100%
|
||||
:height: 180
|
||||
:alt: Reverse Proxy Authentication
|
||||
|
||||
.. _proxyAuthDelegated:
|
||||
|
||||
Reverse Proxy Authentication (Delegated Mode)
|
||||
---------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Figure 5. Reverse Proxy Authentication (Delegated Mode)
|
||||
|
||||
.. image:: images/graphs_delegate_forbiden_proxy.svg
|
||||
:width: 100%
|
||||
:height: 180
|
||||
:alt: Reverse Proxy Authentication (Delegated Mode)
|
||||
|
||||
Delegated Mode
|
||||
==============
|
||||
In some cases, the decision to reject an unauthenticated request should be
|
||||
delegated to the OpenStack service. An unauthenticated request may be
|
||||
appropriate in cases when anonymous access is allowed. In order to support
|
||||
these cases, an authentication component may be placed in Delegated Mode. In
|
||||
this mode, the component forwards requests to the OpenStack service when the
|
||||
client's identity has been confirmed or is indeterminate — that is when
|
||||
credentials are missing. The authentication component directly rejects requests
|
||||
with invalid credentials. Authentication components |must| extend the
|
||||
request by adding an `X-Identity-Status` header. The identity status header
|
||||
|must| contain one of the following values:
|
||||
|
||||
Identity Status Values
|
||||
----------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Confirmed
|
||||
A `confirmed` value indicates that valid credentials were sent and identity
|
||||
has been confirmed. The service can trust that the request has been sent on
|
||||
behalf of the user specified in the `X-Authorization` header.
|
||||
|
||||
Indeterminate
|
||||
An `indeterminate` value indicates that no credentials were sent and
|
||||
identity has not been confirmed. In this case, the service will receive an
|
||||
`X-Authorization` header with no user entry as illustrated in
|
||||
:ref:`xauth-header-indeterminate`.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _xauth-header-indeterminate:
|
||||
|
||||
Indeterminate Identity Headers
|
||||
------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Example 2. Indeterminate Identity Headers::
|
||||
|
||||
X-Identity-Status: Indeterminate
|
||||
X-Authorization: Proxy
|
||||
|
||||
Services |may| reject a delegated request by issuing an HTTP 401
|
||||
authentication error or an HTTP 403 authorization error. These responses
|
||||
|must| contain an ``WWW-Authenticate`` header with a value of ``Delegated`` as
|
||||
illustrated in :ref:`unauthHeaders`.
|
||||
|
||||
X-Identity-Status
|
||||
Provides information on whether the request was authenticated or not.
|
||||
|
||||
X-Tenant
|
||||
Provides the tenant ID (as it appears in the URL in Keystone). This is to support any legacy implementations before Keystone switched to an ID/Name schema for tenants.
|
||||
|
||||
X-Tenant-Id
|
||||
The unique, immutable tenant Id
|
||||
|
||||
X-Tenant-Name
|
||||
The unique, but mutable (it can change) tenant name.
|
||||
|
||||
X-User-Id
|
||||
The user id of the user used to log in
|
||||
|
||||
X-User-Name
|
||||
The username used to log in
|
||||
|
||||
X-User
|
||||
The username used to log in. This is to support any legacy implementations before Keystone switched to an ID/Name schema for tenants.
|
||||
|
||||
X-Roles
|
||||
The roles associated with that user
|
||||
|
||||
.. _unauthHeaders:
|
||||
|
||||
Delegated WWW-Authenticate Header
|
||||
---------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
WWW-Authenticate: Delegated
|
||||
|
||||
It is important to note that the actual reject message will likely be modified
|
||||
by the authentication component in order to comply with the authentication
|
||||
scheme it is implementing. This is illustrated in :ref:`delegateRejectBasic` and
|
||||
:ref:`delegateRejectOAuth` below.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _delegateRejectBasic:
|
||||
|
||||
Delegated Reject Basic Auth
|
||||
---------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
.. image:: images/graphs_delegate_reject_basic.svg
|
||||
:width: 100%
|
||||
:height: 180
|
||||
:alt: Delegated Reject Basic Auth
|
||||
|
||||
.. _delegateRejectOAuth:
|
||||
|
||||
Delegated Reject OAuth
|
||||
----------------------
|
||||
|
||||
.. image:: images/graphs_delegate_reject_oauth.svg
|
||||
:width: 100%
|
||||
:height: 180
|
||||
:alt: Delegated Reject OAuth
|
||||
|
||||
The presence of the `WWW-Authenticate` header with a value of `Delegated`
|
||||
distinguishes a client authentication/authorization failure from a component
|
||||
failure. For example, compare :ref:`delegateForbidden` with :ref:`proxyAuthDelegated`. In
|
||||
:ref:`delegateForbidden`, the client is not allowed to access the OpenStack service.
|
||||
In :ref:`proxyAuthDelegated`, it is the authentication component itself which is
|
||||
unauthorized.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _delegateForbidden:
|
||||
|
||||
Delegated Reject Forbidden
|
||||
--------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Figure 8. Delegated Reject Forbidden
|
||||
|
||||
.. image:: images/graphs_delegate_forbiden_basic.svg
|
||||
:width: 100%
|
||||
:height: 180
|
||||
:alt: Delegated Reject Forbidden
|
||||
|
||||
Authentication components |must| support both delegated and undelegated
|
||||
(standard) modes. Delegated mode |should| be configured via a configuration
|
||||
option. Delegated mode |should| be disabled by default.
|
||||
|
||||
OpenStack services are not required to support delegated mode. If a service
|
||||
does not support delegated mode, it |must| respond with a 501 not implemented
|
||||
error and an `WWW-Authenticate` header with a value of `Delegated`. The
|
||||
authentication component |must not| return the error to the client
|
||||
application. Instead, the component |must| return a 500 internal error; this is
|
||||
illustrated in :ref:`delegateUnimplemented`. The component |should|
|
||||
format the error in a manner that does not break the service contract defined
|
||||
by the OpenStack service. The component should also log the error such that it
|
||||
that will inform operators of the misconfiguration.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _delegateUnimplemented:
|
||||
|
||||
Unimplemented Delegated Mode
|
||||
----------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
.. image:: images/graphs_delegate_unimplemented.svg
|
||||
:width: 100%
|
||||
:height: 180
|
||||
:alt: Unimplemented Delegated Mode
|
||||
|
||||
Handling Direct Client Connections
|
||||
==================================
|
||||
|
||||
Requests from the authentication component to an OpenStack service |must|
|
||||
contain an ``X-Authorization`` header. If the header is missing, and reverse
|
||||
proxy authentication fails or is switched off, the OpenStack service |may|
|
||||
assume that the request is coming directly from a client application. In this
|
||||
case, the OpenStack service |must| redirect the request to the authentication
|
||||
component by issuing an HTTP 305 User Proxy redirect. This is illustrated in
|
||||
:ref:`redirect`. Note that the redirect response |must| include a ``Location`` header
|
||||
specifying the authentication component's URL as shown in :ref:`redirect-response`.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _redirect:
|
||||
|
||||
Auth Component Redirect
|
||||
-----------------------
|
||||
|
||||
.. image:: images/graphs_305.svg
|
||||
:width: 100%
|
||||
:height: 280
|
||||
:alt: Auth Component Redirect
|
||||
|
||||
.. _redirect-response:
|
||||
|
||||
Auth Component Redirect Response
|
||||
--------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
HTTP/1.1 305 Use Proxy
|
||||
Date: Thu, 28 Oct 2011 07:41:16 GMT
|
||||
Location: http://sample.auth.openstack.com/path/to/resource
|
||||
|
||||
Using Multiple Authentication Components
|
||||
========================================
|
||||
|
||||
There are some use cases when a service provider might want to consider using
|
||||
multiple authentication components for different purposes. For instance, a
|
||||
service provider may have one authentication scheme to authenticate the users
|
||||
of the service and another one to authenticate the administrators or operations
|
||||
personnel that maintain the service. For such scenarios, we propose using a
|
||||
mapper as illustrated in :ref:`multiAuth`.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _multiAuth:
|
||||
|
||||
Multiple Authentication Components
|
||||
----------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
.. image:: images/graphs_mapper.svg
|
||||
:width: 100%
|
||||
:height: 320
|
||||
:alt: Multiple Authentication Components
|
||||
|
||||
At a high level, a mapper is a simple reverse proxy that intercepts HTTP calls
|
||||
from clients and routes the request to the appropriate authentication
|
||||
component. A mapper can make the routing decisions based on a number of routing
|
||||
rules that map a resource to a specific authentication component. For example,
|
||||
a request URI may determine whether a call should be authenticated via one
|
||||
authentication component or another.
|
||||
|
||||
Note that neither the authentication component nor the OpenStack service need
|
||||
be aware of the mapper. Any external authentication component can be used
|
||||
alongside others. Mappers may provide a means by which to offer support for
|
||||
anonymous or guest access to a subset of service resources. A mapper may be
|
||||
implemented via a traditional reverse proxy server such as Pound or Zeus.
|
||||
|
||||
The Default Component
|
||||
=====================
|
||||
|
||||
Individual services |must| be distributed with a simple integrated
|
||||
authentication component by default. Providing such a component lowers barriers
|
||||
to the deployment of individual services. This is especially important to]
|
||||
developers who may want to deploy OpenStack services on their own machines.
|
||||
Also, since there is no direct dependency on an external authentication system,
|
||||
OpenStack services can be deployed individually, without the need to stand up
|
||||
and configure additional services. Finally, having a standard authentication
|
||||
component that all services share promotes a separation of concerns. That is,
|
||||
as a community we are explicitly stating that services should not develop their
|
||||
own authentication mechanisms. Additional authentication components may be
|
||||
developed, of course, but these components should not be intimately coupled to
|
||||
any one particular service.
|
||||
|
||||
As discussed in :ref:`deployStrategies`, an authentication component may be
|
||||
integrated directly into the service implementation (Option (a)), or it may be
|
||||
deployed separately as an HTTP reverse proxy (Option (b)). The default
|
||||
component should be implemented to support Option (a) and services should
|
||||
maintain support for Option (b). One way to achieve this is to provide a
|
||||
method that allows the disabling of the default authentication component via
|
||||
configuration. This is illustrated in :ref:`both`. Here, requests are
|
||||
sent directly to the OpenStack service when the default authentication
|
||||
component is disabled.
|
||||
|
||||
We will discuss the design of the default component in an upcoming blueprint.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _both:
|
||||
|
||||
Disabled Embedded Component
|
||||
---------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
.. image:: images/graphs_both.svg
|
||||
:width: 100%
|
||||
:height: 250
|
||||
:alt: Disabled Embedded Component
|
||||
|
||||
Questions and Answers
|
||||
=====================
|
||||
|
||||
#. Why do authentication components send reject messages? Why not have
|
||||
OpenStack services reject requests themselves?
|
||||
|
||||
The content and format of an authentication failed message is determined by
|
||||
the authentication scheme (or protocol). For the service to respond
|
||||
appropriately, it would have to be aware of the authentication scheme in
|
||||
which it participates; this defeats the purpose of pluggable authentication
|
||||
components.
|
||||
|
||||
#. Why require support for deploying authentication components in separate
|
||||
nodes?
|
||||
|
||||
The deployment strategy is very flexible. It allows for authentication
|
||||
components to be horizontally scalable. It allows for components to be written
|
||||
in different languages. Finally, it allows different authentication components
|
||||
to be deployed simultaneously as described above.
|
||||
|
||||
References
|
||||
==========
|
||||
|
||||
.. [PEP-333] pep0333 Phillip J Eby. 'Python Web Server Gateway Interface
|
||||
v1.0.'' http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0333/.
|
||||
|
||||
.. [RFC-2617] rfc2617 J Franks. P Hallam-Baker. J Hostetler. S Lawrence.
|
||||
P Leach. A Luotonen. L Stewart. ''HTTP Authentication: Basic and Digest
|
||||
Access Authentication.'' http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2617.
|
||||
|
||||
.. |must| replace:: must must
|
||||
.. |should| replace:: should should
|
||||
.. |may| replace:: may may
|
||||
.. |must not| replace:: "must not" "must not"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
|
|||
===================
|
||||
Database Migrations
|
||||
===================
|
||||
|
||||
Keystone uses SQLAlchemy Migrate (``sqlalchemy-migrate``) to manage
|
||||
migrations.
|
||||
|
||||
Migrations are tracked using a metadata table (``migrate_version``), which
|
||||
allows keystone to compare the state of your database to the state it
|
||||
expects, and to move between versions.
|
||||
|
||||
.. WARNING::
|
||||
|
||||
Backup your database before applying migrations. Migrations may
|
||||
attempt to modify both your schema and data, and could result in data
|
||||
loss.
|
||||
|
||||
Always review the behavior of migrations in a staging environment
|
||||
before applying them in production.
|
||||
|
||||
Getting Started
|
||||
===============
|
||||
|
||||
Your initial approach to migrations should depend on whether you have an
|
||||
empty database or a schema full of data.
|
||||
|
||||
Starting with an empty database
|
||||
-------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
If you have an empty database for keystone to work with, you can simply
|
||||
run::
|
||||
|
||||
$ ./bin/keystone-manage database sync
|
||||
|
||||
This command will initialize your metadata table, and run through all the
|
||||
schema & data migrations necessary to bring your database in sync with
|
||||
keystone. That's it!
|
||||
|
||||
Starting with an existing database
|
||||
----------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Place an existing database under version control to enable migration
|
||||
support::
|
||||
|
||||
$ ./bin/keystone-manage database version_control
|
||||
|
||||
This command simply creates a ``migrate_version`` table, set at
|
||||
``version_number`` 0, which indicates that no migrations have been applied.
|
||||
|
||||
If you are starting with an existing schema, you can jump to a specific
|
||||
schema version without performing migrations using the ``database goto``
|
||||
command. For example, if you're starting from a diablo-compatible
|
||||
database, set your current database ``version_number`` to ``1`` using::
|
||||
|
||||
$ ./bin/keystone-manage database goto <version_number>
|
||||
|
||||
Determine your appropriate database ``version_number`` by referencing the
|
||||
following table:
|
||||
|
||||
+------------+-------------+
|
||||
| Release | ``version`` |
|
||||
+============+=============+
|
||||
| pre-diablo | (see below) |
|
||||
+------------+-------------+
|
||||
| diablo | 1 |
|
||||
+------------+-------------+
|
||||
| essex-m1 | 3 |
|
||||
+------------+-------------+
|
||||
| essex-m2 | 4 |
|
||||
+------------+-------------+
|
||||
|
||||
From there, you can upgrade normally (see :ref:`upgrading`).
|
||||
|
||||
Starting with a pre-diablo database (cactus)
|
||||
--------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
You'll need to manually migrate your database to a diablo-compatible
|
||||
schema, and continue forward from there (if desired) using migrations.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _upgrading:
|
||||
|
||||
Upgrading & Downgrading
|
||||
=======================
|
||||
|
||||
.. note::
|
||||
|
||||
Attempting to start keystone with an outdated schema will cause
|
||||
keystone to abort, to avoid corrupting your data.
|
||||
|
||||
Upgrade to the latest version automatically::
|
||||
|
||||
$ ./bin/keystone-manage database sync
|
||||
|
||||
Check your current schema version::
|
||||
|
||||
$ ./bin/keystone-manage database version
|
||||
|
||||
Jump to a specific version without performing migrations::
|
||||
|
||||
$ ./bin/keystone-manage database goto <version_number>
|
||||
|
||||
Upgrade to a specific version::
|
||||
|
||||
$ ./bin/keystone-manage database upgrade <version_number>
|
||||
|
||||
Downgrade to a specific version (will likely result in data loss!)::
|
||||
|
||||
$ ./bin/keystone-manage database downgrade <version_number>
|
||||
|
||||
Opting Out of Migrations
|
||||
========================
|
||||
|
||||
If you don't want to use migrations (e.g. if you want to manage your
|
||||
schema manually), keystone will complain in your logs on startup, but
|
||||
won't actually stop you from doing so.
|
||||
|
||||
It's recommended that you use migrations to get up and running, but if
|
||||
you want to manage migrations manually after that, simply drop the
|
||||
``migrate_version`` table::
|
||||
|
||||
DROP TABLE migrate_version;
|
||||
|
||||
Useful Links
|
||||
============
|
||||
|
||||
Principles to follow when developing migrations `OpenStack Deployability <http://wiki.openstack.org/OpenstackDeployability>`_
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
|
|||
..
|
||||
Copyright 2011 OpenStack, LLC
|
||||
All Rights Reserved.
|
||||
|
||||
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
|
||||
not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
|
||||
a copy of the License at
|
||||
|
||||
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
|
||||
|
||||
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
|
||||
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
|
||||
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
|
||||
License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
|
||||
under the License.
|
||||
|
||||
nova-api-paste example
|
||||
======================
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
#######
|
||||
# EC2 #
|
||||
#######
|
||||
|
||||
[composite:ec2]
|
||||
use = egg:Paste#urlmap
|
||||
/: ec2versions
|
||||
/services/Cloud: ec2cloud
|
||||
/services/Admin: ec2admin
|
||||
/latest: ec2metadata
|
||||
/2007-01-19: ec2metadata
|
||||
/2007-03-01: ec2metadata
|
||||
/2007-08-29: ec2metadata
|
||||
/2007-10-10: ec2metadata
|
||||
/2007-12-15: ec2metadata
|
||||
/2008-02-01: ec2metadata
|
||||
/2008-09-01: ec2metadata
|
||||
/2009-04-04: ec2metadata
|
||||
/1.0: ec2metadata
|
||||
|
||||
[pipeline:ec2cloud]
|
||||
pipeline = logrequest totoken authtoken keystonecontext cloudrequest authorizer ec2executor
|
||||
|
||||
[pipeline:ec2admin]
|
||||
pipeline = logrequest totoken authtoken keystonecontext adminrequest authorizer ec2executor
|
||||
|
||||
[pipeline:ec2metadata]
|
||||
pipeline = logrequest ec2md
|
||||
|
||||
[pipeline:ec2versions]
|
||||
pipeline = logrequest ec2ver
|
||||
|
||||
[filter:logrequest]
|
||||
paste.filter_factory = nova.api.ec2:RequestLogging.factory
|
||||
|
||||
[filter:ec2lockout]
|
||||
paste.filter_factory = nova.api.ec2:Lockout.factory
|
||||
|
||||
[filter:totoken]
|
||||
paste.filter_factory = keystone.middleware.ec2_token:EC2Token.factory
|
||||
|
||||
[filter:ec2noauth]
|
||||
paste.filter_factory = nova.api.ec2:NoAuth.factory
|
||||
|
||||
[filter:authenticate]
|
||||
paste.filter_factory = nova.api.ec2:Authenticate.factory
|
||||
|
||||
[filter:cloudrequest]
|
||||
controller = nova.api.ec2.cloud.CloudController
|
||||
paste.filter_factory = nova.api.ec2:Requestify.factory
|
||||
|
||||
[filter:adminrequest]
|
||||
controller = nova.api.ec2.admin.AdminController
|
||||
paste.filter_factory = nova.api.ec2:Requestify.factory
|
||||
|
||||
[filter:authorizer]
|
||||
paste.filter_factory = nova.api.ec2:Authorizer.factory
|
||||
|
||||
[app:ec2executor]
|
||||
paste.app_factory = nova.api.ec2:Executor.factory
|
||||
|
||||
[app:ec2ver]
|
||||
paste.app_factory = nova.api.ec2:Versions.factory
|
||||
|
||||
[app:ec2md]
|
||||
paste.app_factory = nova.api.ec2.metadatarequesthandler:MetadataRequestHandler.factory
|
||||
|
||||
#############
|
||||
# Openstack #
|
||||
#############
|
||||
|
||||
[composite:osapi]
|
||||
use = egg:Paste#urlmap
|
||||
/: osversions
|
||||
/v1.1: openstackapi
|
||||
|
||||
[pipeline:openstackapi]
|
||||
pipeline = faultwrap authtoken keystonecontext ratelimit extensions osapiapp
|
||||
|
||||
[filter:faultwrap]
|
||||
paste.filter_factory = nova.api.openstack:FaultWrapper.factory
|
||||
|
||||
[filter:auth]
|
||||
paste.filter_factory = nova.api.openstack.auth:AuthMiddleware.factory
|
||||
|
||||
[filter:noauth]
|
||||
paste.filter_factory = nova.api.openstack.auth:NoAuthMiddleware.factory
|
||||
|
||||
[filter:ratelimit]
|
||||
paste.filter_factory = nova.api.openstack.limits:RateLimitingMiddleware.factory
|
||||
|
||||
[filter:extensions]
|
||||
paste.filter_factory = nova.api.openstack.extensions:ExtensionMiddleware.factory
|
||||
|
||||
[app:osapiapp]
|
||||
paste.app_factory = nova.api.openstack:APIRouter.factory
|
||||
|
||||
[pipeline:osversions]
|
||||
pipeline = faultwrap osversionapp
|
||||
|
||||
[app:osversionapp]
|
||||
paste.app_factory = nova.api.openstack.versions:Versions.factory
|
||||
|
||||
##########
|
||||
# Shared #
|
||||
##########
|
||||
|
||||
[filter:keystonecontext]
|
||||
paste.filter_factory = keystone.middleware.nova_keystone_context:NovaKeystoneContext.factory
|
||||
|
||||
[filter:authtoken]
|
||||
paste.filter_factory = keystone.middleware.auth_token:filter_factory
|
||||
service_protocol = http
|
||||
service_host = 127.0.0.1
|
||||
service_port = 5000
|
||||
auth_host = 127.0.0.1
|
||||
auth_port = 35357
|
||||
auth_protocol = http
|
||||
auth_uri = http://127.0.0.1:5000/
|
||||
admin_token = 999888777666
|
||||
;Uncomment next line and check ip:port to use memcached to cache token requests
|
||||
;memcache_hosts = 127.0.0.1:11211
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
|
|||
=============
|
||||
Release notes
|
||||
=============
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
E3 (January 26, 2012)
|
||||
==========================================
|
||||
* Contract compliance: version response and ATOM, 300 multiple choice
|
||||
* Global endpoints returned for unscoped calls
|
||||
* adminUrl only shown to admin clients
|
||||
* Endpoints have unique ID
|
||||
* Auth-N/Auth-Z for S3 API (OS-KSS3 extension)
|
||||
* Default tenant scope optionally returned when authenticating
|
||||
* Vary header returned for caching proxies
|
||||
|
||||
* Portable identifiers: modifiable, string identifiers in database backend
|
||||
* Much improved keystone-manage command (see --help and docs)
|
||||
* OS-KSVALIDATE extension to support not passing tokens in URL
|
||||
* OS-KSEC2 and OS-KSS3 extensions respond on /tokens
|
||||
* HP-IDM extension to filter roles to a given service ID
|
||||
* Additional caching options in middleware (memcache and swift cache)
|
||||
|
||||
* Enhanced configuration management (in line with other OpenStack projects)
|
||||
* Additional logging
|
||||
* Enhanced tracer tool (-t or --trace-calls)
|
||||
|
||||
See comprehensive list here https://launchpad.net/keystone/+milestone/essex-3
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
E2 (December 15, 2011)
|
||||
========================
|
||||
* D5 compatibility middleware
|
||||
* Database versioning
|
||||
* Much more documentation: http://keystone.openstack.org
|
||||
|
||||
See https://launchpad.net/keystone/+milestone/essex-2
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
|
|||
..
|
||||
Copyright 2011 OpenStack, LLC
|
||||
All Rights Reserved.
|
||||
|
||||
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
|
||||
not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
|
||||
a copy of the License at
|
||||
|
||||
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
|
||||
|
||||
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
|
||||
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
|
||||
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
|
||||
License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
|
||||
under the License.
|
||||
|
||||
===============================
|
||||
Service API Examples Using Curl
|
||||
===============================
|
||||
|
||||
The service API is defined to be a subset of the Admin API and, by
|
||||
default, runs on port 5000.
|
||||
|
||||
GET /
|
||||
=====
|
||||
|
||||
This call is identical to that documented for the Admin API, except
|
||||
that it uses port 5000, instead of port 35357, by default::
|
||||
|
||||
$ curl http://0.0.0.0:5000
|
||||
|
||||
or::
|
||||
|
||||
$ curl http://0.0.0.0:5000/v2.0/
|
||||
|
||||
See the `Admin API Examples Using Curl`_ for more info.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _`Admin API Examples Using Curl`: adminAPI_curl_examples.html
|
||||
|
||||
GET /extensions
|
||||
===============
|
||||
|
||||
This call is identical to that documented for the Admin API.
|
||||
|
||||
POST /tokens
|
||||
============
|
||||
|
||||
This call is identical to that documented for the Admin API.
|
||||
|
||||
GET /tenants
|
||||
============
|
||||
|
||||
List all of the tenants your token can access::
|
||||
|
||||
$ curl -H "X-Auth-Token:887665443383838" http://localhost:5000/v2.0/tenants
|
||||
|
||||
Returns::
|
||||
|
||||
{
|
||||
"tenants_links": [],
|
||||
"tenants": [
|
||||
{
|
||||
"enabled": true,
|
||||
"description": "None",
|
||||
"name": "customer-x",
|
||||
"id": "1"
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
|
|||
..
|
||||
Copyright 2011 OpenStack, LLC
|
||||
All Rights Reserved.
|
||||
|
||||
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
|
||||
not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
|
||||
a copy of the License at
|
||||
|
||||
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
|
||||
|
||||
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
|
||||
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
|
||||
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
|
||||
License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
|
||||
under the License.
|
||||
|
||||
================
|
||||
Services
|
||||
================
|
||||
|
||||
.. toctree::
|
||||
:maxdepth: 1
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
What are services?
|
||||
==================
|
||||
|
||||
Keystone includes service registry and service catalog functionality which it
|
||||
uses to respond to client authentication requests with information useful to
|
||||
clients in locating the list of available services they can access.
|
||||
|
||||
The Service entity in Keystone represents an OpenStack service that is integrated
|
||||
with Keystone. The Service entity is also used as a reference from roles, endpoints,
|
||||
and endpoint templates.
|
||||
|
||||
Keystone also includes an authorization mechanism to allow a service to own
|
||||
its own roles and endpoints and prevent other services from changing or
|
||||
modifying them.
|
||||
|
||||
Who can create services?
|
||||
========================
|
||||
|
||||
Any user with the Admin or Service Admin roles in Keystone may create services.
|
||||
|
||||
How are services created?
|
||||
=========================
|
||||
|
||||
Services can be created using ``keystone-manage`` or through the REST API using
|
||||
the OS-KSADM extension calls.
|
||||
|
||||
Using ``keystone-manage`` (see :doc:`man/keystone-manage` for details)::
|
||||
|
||||
$ keystone-manage add service compute nova 'This is a sample compute service'
|
||||
|
||||
Using the REST API (see `extensions dev guide <https://github.com/openstack/keystone/blob/master/keystone/content/admin/OS-KSADM-admin-devguide.pdf?raw=true>`_ for details)::
|
||||
|
||||
$ curl -H "Content-type: application/json" -X POST -d '{
|
||||
"OS-KSADM:service": {
|
||||
"name": "nova",
|
||||
"type": "compute",
|
||||
"description": "This is a sample compute service"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}' -H "X-Auth-Token: 999888777666" http://localhost:35357/v2.0/OS-KSADM/services/
|
||||
|
||||
How is service ownership determined?
|
||||
====================================
|
||||
|
||||
Currently, the way to assign ownership to a service is to provide the owner's
|
||||
user id in the keystone-manage add command::
|
||||
|
||||
$ keystone-manage add service nova compute 'This is a sample compute service' joeuser
|
||||
|
||||
This will assign ownership to the new service to joeuser.
|
||||
|
||||
When a service has an owner, then only that owner (or a global Admin) can create and manage
|
||||
roles that start with that service name (ex: "nova:admin") and manage endpoints
|
||||
and endpoint templates associated with that service.
|
||||
|
||||
Listing services
|
||||
================
|
||||
|
||||
Using ``keystone-manage``, the list of services and their owners can be listed::
|
||||
|
||||
$ keystone-manage service list
|
||||
|
||||
id name type owner_id description
|
||||
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
1 compute nova joeuser This is a sample compute service
|
||||
|
||||
Using the REST API, call ``GET /v2.0/OS-KSADM/services``
|
||||
|
||||
.. note: The rest API does not yet support service ownership
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
|
|||
..
|
||||
Copyright 2011 OpenStack, LLC
|
||||
All Rights Reserved.
|
||||
|
||||
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
|
||||
not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
|
||||
a copy of the License at
|
||||
|
||||
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
|
||||
|
||||
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
|
||||
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
|
||||
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
|
||||
License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
|
||||
under the License.
|
||||
|
||||
===========================
|
||||
x.509 Client Authentication
|
||||
===========================
|
||||
|
||||
Purpose
|
||||
=======
|
||||
|
||||
Allows the Keystone middleware to authenticate itself with the Keystone server
|
||||
via an x.509 client certificate. Both Service API and Admin API may be secured
|
||||
with this feature.
|
||||
|
||||
Certificates
|
||||
============
|
||||
|
||||
The following types of certificates are required. A set of certficates is provided
|
||||
in the examples/ssl directory with the Keystone distribution for testing. Here
|
||||
is the description of each of them and their purpose:
|
||||
|
||||
ca.pem
|
||||
Certificate Authority chain to validate against.
|
||||
|
||||
keystone.pem
|
||||
Public certificate for Keystone server.
|
||||
|
||||
middleware-key.pem
|
||||
Public and private certificate for Keystone middleware.
|
||||
|
||||
cakey.pem
|
||||
Private key for the CA.
|
||||
|
||||
keystonekey.pem
|
||||
Private key for the Keystone server.
|
||||
|
||||
Note that you may choose whatever names you want for these certificates, or combine
|
||||
the public/private keys in the same file if you wish. These certificates are just
|
||||
provided as an example.
|
||||
|
||||
Configuration
|
||||
=============
|
||||
|
||||
By default, the Keystone server does not use SSL. To enable SSL with client authentication,
|
||||
modify the etc/keystone.conf file accordingly:
|
||||
|
||||
1. To enable SSL for Service API::
|
||||
|
||||
service_ssl = True
|
||||
|
||||
2. To enable SSL for Admin API::
|
||||
|
||||
admin_ssl = True
|
||||
|
||||
3. To enable SSL client authentication::
|
||||
|
||||
cert_required = True
|
||||
|
||||
4. Set the location of the Keystone certificate file (example)::
|
||||
|
||||
certfile = /etc/keystone/ca/certs/keystone.pem
|
||||
|
||||
5. Set the location of the Keystone private file (example)::
|
||||
|
||||
keyfile = /etc/keystone/ca/private/keystonekey.pem
|
||||
|
||||
6. Set the location of the CA chain::
|
||||
|
||||
ca_certs = /etc/keystone/ca/certs/ca.pem
|
||||
|
||||
Middleware
|
||||
==========
|
||||
|
||||
Add the following to your middleware configuration to support x.509 client authentication.
|
||||
If ``cert_required`` is set to ``False`` on the keystone server, the certfile and keyfile parameters
|
||||
in steps 3) and 4) may be commented out.
|
||||
|
||||
1. Specify 'https' as the auth_protocol::
|
||||
|
||||
auth_protocol = https
|
||||
|
||||
2. Modify the protocol in 'auth_uri' to be 'https' as well, if the service API is configured
|
||||
for SSL::
|
||||
|
||||
auth_uri = https://localhost:5000/
|
||||
|
||||
3. Set the location of the middleware certificate file (example)::
|
||||
|
||||
certfile = /etc/keystone/ca/certs/middleware-key.pem
|
||||
|
||||
4. Set the location of the Keystone private file (example)::
|
||||
|
||||
keyfile = /etc/keystone/ca/certs/middleware-key.pem
|
||||
|
||||
For an example, take a look at the ``echo.ini`` middleware configuration for the 'echo' example
|
||||
service in the examples/echo directory.
|
||||
|
||||
Testing
|
||||
=======
|
||||
|
||||
You can test out how it works by using the ``echo`` example service in the ``examples/echo`` directory
|
||||
and the certficates included in the ``examples/ssl`` directory. Invoke the ``echo_client.py`` with
|
||||
the path to the client certificate::
|
||||
|
||||
python echo_client.py -s <path to client certificate>
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
|
|||
..
|
||||
Copyright 2011 OpenStack, LLC
|
||||
All Rights Reserved.
|
||||
|
||||
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
|
||||
not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
|
||||
a copy of the License at
|
||||
|
||||
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
|
||||
|
||||
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
|
||||
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
|
||||
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
|
||||
License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
|
||||
under the License.
|
||||
|
||||
==============
|
||||
Using Keystone
|
||||
==============
|
||||
|
||||
Curl examples
|
||||
-------------
|
||||
|
||||
.. toctree::
|
||||
:maxdepth: 1
|
||||
|
||||
adminAPI_curl_examples
|
||||
serviceAPI_curl_examples
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue