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Legacy nova-network to OpenStack Networking (neutron)
Two networking models exist in OpenStack. The first is called legacy networking (nova-network) and it is a sub-process embedded in the Compute project (nova). This model has some limitations, such as creating complex network topologies, extending its back-end implementation to vendor-specific technologies, and providing project-specific networking elements. These limitations are the main reasons the OpenStack Networking (neutron) model was created.
This section describes the process of migrating clouds based on the legacy networking model to the OpenStack Networking model. This process requires additional changes to both compute and networking to support the migration. This document describes the overall process and the features required in both Networking and Compute.
The current process as designed is a minimally viable migration with the goal of deprecating and then removing legacy networking. Both the Compute and Networking teams agree that a one-button migration process from legacy networking to OpenStack Networking (neutron) is not an essential requirement for the deprecation and removal of the legacy networking at a future date. This section includes a process and tools which are designed to solve a simple use case migration.
Users are encouraged to take these tools, test them, provide feedback, and then expand on the feature set to suit their own deployments; deployers that refrain from participating in this process intending to wait for a path that better suits their use case are likely to be disappointed.
Impact and limitations
The migration process from the legacy nova-network networking service to OpenStack Networking (neutron) has some limitations and impacts on the operational state of the cloud. It is critical to understand them in order to decide whether or not this process is acceptable for your cloud and all users.
Management impact
The Networking REST API is publicly read-only until after the migration is complete. During the migration, Networking REST API is read-write only to nova-api, and changes to Networking are only allowed via nova-api.
The Compute REST API is available throughout the entire process, although there is a brief period where it is made read-only during a database migration. The Networking REST API will need to expose (to nova-api) all details necessary for reconstructing the information previously held in the legacy networking database.
Compute needs a per-hypervisor "has_transitioned" boolean change in the data model to be used during the migration process. This flag is no longer required once the process is complete.
Operations impact
In order to support a wide range of deployment options, the migration process described here requires a rolling restart of hypervisors. The rate and timing of specific hypervisor restarts is under the control of the operator.
The migration may be paused, even for an extended period of time (for example, while testing or investigating issues) with some hypervisors on legacy networking and some on Networking, and Compute API remains fully functional. Individual hypervisors may be rolled back to legacy networking during this stage of the migration, although this requires an additional restart.
In order to support the widest range of deployer needs, the process described here is easy to automate but is not already automated. Deployers should expect to perform multiple manual steps or write some simple scripts in order to perform this migration.
Performance impact
During the migration, nova-network API calls will go through an additional internal conversion to Networking calls. This will have different and likely poorer performance characteristics compared with either the pre-migration or post-migration APIs.
Migration process overview
- Start neutron-server in intended final config, except with REST API restricted to read-write only by nova-api.
- Make the Compute REST API read-only.
- Run a DB dump/restore tool that creates Networking data structures representing current legacy networking config.
- Enable a nova-api proxy that recreates internal Compute objects from Networking information (via the Networking REST API).
- Make Compute REST API read-write again. This means legacy networking DB is now unused, new changes are now stored in the Networking DB, and no rollback is possible from here without losing those new changes.
Note
At this moment the Networking DB is the source of truth, but nova-api is the only public read-write API.
Next, you'll need to migrate each hypervisor. To do that, follow these steps:
- Disable the hypervisor. This would be a good time to live migrate or evacuate the compute node, if supported.
- Disable nova-compute.
- Enable the Networking agent.
- Set the "has_transitioned" flag in the Compute hypervisor database/config.
- Reboot the hypervisor (or run "smart" live transition tool if available).
- Re-enable the hypervisor.
At this point, all compute nodes have been migrated, but they are still using the nova-api API and Compute gateways. Finally, enable OpenStack Networking by following these steps:
- Bring up the Networking (l3) nodes. The new routers will have identical MAC+IPs as old Compute gateways so some sort of immediate cutover is possible, except for stateful connections issues such as NAT.
- Make the Networking API read-write and disable legacy networking.
Migration Completed!