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Image Caching
Nova supports caching base images on compute nodes when using a supported virt driver.
What is Image Caching?
In order to understand what image caching is and why it is beneficial, it helps to be familiar with the process by which an instance is booted from a given base image. When a new instance is created on a compute node, the following general steps are performed by the compute manager in conjunction with the virt driver:
- Download the base image from glance
- Copy or COW the base image to create a new root disk image for the instance
- Boot the instance using the new root disk image
The first step involves downloading the entire base image to the local disk on the compute node, which could involve many gigabytes of network traffic, storage, and many minutes of latency between the start of the boot process and actually running the instance. When the virt driver supports image caching, step #1 above may be skipped if the base image is already present on the compute node. This is most often the case when another instance has been booted on that node from the same base image recently. If present, the download operation can be skipped, which greatly reduces the time-to-boot for the second and subsequent instances that use the same base image, as well as avoids load on the glance server and the network connection.
By default, the compute node will periodically scan the images it has cached, looking for base images that are not used by any instances on the node that are older than a configured lifetime (24 hours by default). Those unused images are deleted from the cache directory until they are needed again.
For more information about configuring image cache behavior, see the
documentation for the configuration options in the :oslo.configimage_cache group.
Note
Some ephemeral backend drivers may not use or need image caching, or
may not behave in the same way as others. For example, when using the
rbd backend with the libvirt driver and a
shared pool with glance, images are COW'd at the storage level and thus
need not be downloaded (and thus cached) at the compute node at all.
Image pre-caching
It may be beneficial to pre-cache images on compute nodes in order to achieve low time-to-boot latency for new instances immediately. This is often useful when rolling out a new version of an application where downtime is important and having the new images already available on the compute nodes is critical.
Nova provides (since the Ussuri release) a mechanism to request that images be cached without having to boot an actual instance on a node. This best-effort service operates at the host aggregate level in order to provide an efficient way to indicate that a large number of computes should receive a given set of images. If the computes that should pre-cache an image are not already in a defined host aggregate, that must be done first.
For information on how to perform aggregate-based image pre-caching,
see the image-caching-aggregates section of the Host
aggregates documentation.