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Per the spec [1]: reference/ – any reference information associated with a project that is not covered by one of the above categories. Library projects should place their automatically generated class documentation here. There are a couple of documents that focus on nova internals, but won't necessarily be applicable to user. These are moved here. [1] specs.openstack.org/openstack/docs-specs/specs/pike/os-manuals-migration Change-Id: I94614c2383329e1fbed60d9c5aca3fab5170ef8f
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Threading model
All OpenStack services use green thread model of threading, implemented through using the Python eventlet and greenlet libraries.
Green threads use a cooperative model of threading: thread context switches can only occur when specific eventlet or greenlet library calls are made (e.g., sleep, certain I/O calls). From the operating system's point of view, each OpenStack service runs in a single thread.
The use of green threads reduces the likelihood of race conditions,
but does not completely eliminate them. In some cases, you may need to
use the @lockutils.synchronized(...) decorator to avoid
races.
In addition, since there is only one operating system thread, a call that blocks that main thread will block the entire process.
Yielding the thread in long-running tasks
If a code path takes a long time to execute and does not contain any methods that trigger an eventlet context switch, the long-running thread will block any pending threads.
This scenario can be avoided by adding calls to the eventlet sleep method in the long-running code path. The sleep call will trigger a context switch if there are pending threads, and using an argument of 0 will avoid introducing delays in the case that there is only a single green thread:
from eventlet import greenthread
...
greenthread.sleep(0)In current code, time.sleep(0）does the same thing as
greenthread.sleep(0) if time module is patched through
eventlet.monkey_patch(). To be explicit, we recommend contributors use
greenthread.sleep() instead of
time.sleep().
MySQL access and eventlet
There are some MySQL DB API drivers for oslo.db, like PyMySQL, MySQL-python etc. PyMySQL is the default MySQL DB API driver for oslo.db, and it works well with eventlet. MySQL-python uses an external C library for accessing the MySQL database. Since eventlet cannot use monkey-patching to intercept blocking calls in a C library, so queries to the MySQL database will block the main thread of a service.
The Diablo release contained a thread-pooling implementation that did not block, but this implementation resulted in a bug and was removed.
See this mailing list thread for a discussion of this issue, including a discussion of the impact on performance.