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Installing Nova on Multiple Servers

When you move beyond evaluating the technology and into building an actual production environment, you will need to know how to configure your datacenter and how to deploy components across your clusters. This guide should help you through that process.

You can install multiple nodes to increase performance and availability of the OpenStack Compute installation.

This setup is based on an Ubuntu Lucid 10.04 installation with the latest updates. Most of this works around issues that need to be resolved in the installation and configuration scripts as of October 18th 2010. It also needs to eventually be generalized, but the intent here is to get the multi-node configuration bootstrapped so folks can move forward.

Requirements for a multi-node installation

  • You need a real database, compatible with SQLAlchemy (mysql, postgresql) There's not a specific reason to choose one over another, it basically depends what you know. MySQL is easier to do High Availability (HA) with, but people may already know Postgres. We should document both configurations, though.
  • For a recommended HA setup, consider a MySQL master/slave replication, with as many slaves as you like, and probably a heartbeat to kick one of the slaves into being a master if it dies.
  • For performance optimization, split reads and writes to the database. MySQL proxy is the easiest way to make this work if running MySQL.

Assumptions

  • Networking is configured between/through the physical machines on a single subnet.
  • Installation and execution are both performed by root user.

Step 1 Use apt-get to get the latest code

  1. Setup Nova PPA with https://launchpad.net/~nova-core/+archive/ppa.
sudo apt-get install python-software-properties
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nova-core/ppa
  1. Run update.
sudo apt-get update
  1. Install nova-pkgs (dependencies should be automatically installed).
sudo apt-get install python-greenlet
sudo apt-get install nova-common nova-doc python-nova nova-api nova-network nova-objectstore nova-scheduler

It is highly likely that there will be errors when the nova services come up since they are not yet configured. Don't worry, you're only at step 1!

Step 2 Setup configuration files (installed in /etc/nova)

Note: CC_ADDR=<the external IP address of your cloud controller>

  1. These need to be defined in EACH configuration file
--sql_connection=mysql://root:nova@$CC_ADDR/nova # location of nova sql db
--s3_host=$CC_ADDR  # This is where nova is hosting the objectstore service, which
                    # will contain the VM images and buckets
--rabbit_host=$CC_ADDR # This is where the rabbit AMQP messaging service is hosted
--cc_host=$CC_ADDR     # This is where the the nova-api service lives
--verbose              # Optional but very helpful during initial setup
--ec2_url=http://$CC_ADDR:8773/services/Cloud
--network_manager=nova.network.manager.FlatManager # simple, no-vlan networking type
  1. nova-manage specific flags
--fixed_range=<network/prefix>   # ip network to use for VM guests, ex 192.168.2.64/26
--network_size=<# of addrs>      # number of ip addrs to use for VM guests, ex 64
  1. nova-network specific flags
--fixed_range=<network/prefix>   # ip network to use for VM guests, ex 192.168.2.64/26
--network_size=<# of addrs>      # number of ip addrs to use for VM guests, ex 64
  1. Create a nova group
sudo addgroup nova
  1. nova-objectstore specific flags < no specific config needed >

Config files should be have their owner set to root:nova, and mode set to 0640, since they contain your MySQL server's root password.

cd /etc/nova
chown -R root:nova .

Step 3 Setup the sql db

  1. First you 'preseed' (using vishy's ../quickstart). Run this as root.
sudo apt-get install bzr git-core
sudo bash
export MYSQL_PASS=nova
cat <<MYSQL_PRESEED | debconf-set-selections
mysql-server-5.1 mysql-server/root_password password $MYSQL_PASS
mysql-server-5.1 mysql-server/root_password_again password $MYSQL_PASS
mysql-server-5.1 mysql-server/start_on_boot boolean true
MYSQL_PRESEED
  1. Install mysql
sudo apt-get install -y mysql-server
  1. Edit /etc/mysql/my.cnf and set this line: bind-address=0.0.0.0 and then sighup or restart mysql
  2. create nova's db
mysql -uroot -pnova -e 'CREATE DATABASE nova;'
  1. Update the db to include user 'root'@'%'
mysql -u root -p nova 
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'%' = PASSWORD('nova');
  1. Branch and install Nova
sudo -i
cd ~
export USE_MYSQL=1
export MYSQL_PASS=nova
git clone https://github.com/vishvananda/novascript.git
cd novascript
./nova.sh branch
./nova.sh install
./nova.sh run

Step 4 Setup Nova environment

/usr/bin/python /usr/bin/nova-manage user admin <user_name>
/usr/bin/python /usr/bin/nova-manage project create <project_name> <user_name>
/usr/bin/python /usr/bin/nova-manage project create network

Note: The nova-manage service assumes that the first IP address is your network (like 192.168.0.0), that the 2nd IP is your gateway (192.168.0.1), and that the broadcast is the very last IP in the range you defined (192.168.0.255). If this is not the case you will need to manually edit the sql db 'networks' table.o.

On running this command, entries are made in the 'networks' and 'fixed_ips' table. However, one of the networks listed in the 'networks' table needs to be marked as bridge in order for the code to know that a bridge exists. The Network is marked as bridged automatically based on the type of network manager selected.

More networking details to create a network bridge for flat network

Nova defaults to a bridge device named 'br100'. This needs to be created and somehow integrated into YOUR network. In my case, I wanted to keep things as simple as possible and have all the vm guests on the same network as the vm hosts (the compute nodes). Thus, I set the compute node's external IP address to be on the bridge and added eth0 to that bridge. To do this, edit your network interfaces config to look like the following:

< begin /etc/network/interfaces >
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# Networking for NOVA
auto br100

iface br100 inet dhcp
       bridge_ports    eth0
       bridge_stp      off
       bridge_maxwait  0
       bridge_fd       0
< end /etc/network/interfaces >

Next, restart networking to apply the changes:

sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

Step 5: Create nova certs.

Generate the certs as a zip file:

mkdir creds
sudo /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/nova-manage project zip admin admin creds/nova.zip

you can get the rc file more easily with:

sudo /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/nova-manage project env admin admin creds/novarc

unzip them in your home directory, and add them to your environment:

unzip creds/nova.zip
echo ". creds/novarc" >> ~/.bashrc
~/.bashrc

Step 6 Restart all relevant services

Restart Libvirt:

sudo /etc/init.d/libvirt-bin restart

Restart relevant nova services:

sudo /etc/init.d/nova-compute restart
sudo /etc/init.d/nova-volume restart

do we still need the content below?

Bare-metal Provisioning Notes

To install the base operating system you can use PXE booting.

Types of Hosts

A single machine in your cluster can act as one or more of the following types of host:

Nova Services

  • Network
  • Compute
  • Volume
  • API
  • Objectstore

Other supporting services

  • Message Queue
  • Database (optional)
  • Authentication database (optional)

Initial Setup

  • Networking
  • Cloudadmin User Creation

Deployment Technologies

Once you have machines with a base operating system installation, you can deploy code and configuration with your favorite tools to specify which machines in your cluster have which roles:

  • Puppet
  • Chef