openstack-manuals/doc/admin-guide-cloud/source/compute-security.rst

Security hardening

OpenStack Compute can be integrated with various third-party technologies to increase security. For more information, see the OpenStack Security Guide.

Trusted compute pools

Administrators can designate a group of compute hosts as trusted using trusted compute pools. The trusted hosts use hardware-based security features, such as the Intel Trusted Execution Technology (TXT), to provide an additional level of security. Combined with an external stand-alone, web-based remote attestation server, cloud providers can ensure that the compute node runs only software with verified measurements and can ensure a secure cloud stack.

Trusted compute pools provide the ability for cloud subscribers to request services run only on verified compute nodes.

The remote attestation server performs node verification like this:

1. Compute nodes boot with Intel TXT technology enabled.
2. The compute node BIOS, hypervisor, and operating system are measured.
3. When the attestation server challenges the compute node, the measured data is sent to the attestation server.
4. The attestation server verifies the measurements against a known good database to determine node trustworthiness.

A description of how to set up an attestation service is beyond the scope of this document. For an open source project that you can use to implement an attestation service, see the Open Attestation project.

Configuring Compute to use trusted compute pools

1. Enable scheduling support for trusted compute pools by adding these lines to the DEFAULT section of the /etc/nova/nova.conf file:

   [DEFAULT]
   compute_scheduler_driver=nova.scheduler.filter_scheduler.FilterScheduler
   scheduler_available_filters=nova.scheduler.filters.all_filters
   scheduler_default_filters=AvailabilityZoneFilter,RamFilter,ComputeFilter,TrustedFilter

2. Specify the connection information for your attestation service by adding these lines to the trusted_computing section of the /etc/nova/nova.conf file:

   [trusted_computing]
   attestation_server = 10.1.71.206
   attestation_port = 8443
   # If using OAT v2.0 after, use this port:
   # attestation_port = 8181
   attestation_server_ca_file = /etc/nova/ssl.10.1.71.206.crt
   # If using OAT v1.5, use this api_url:
   attestation_api_url = /AttestationService/resources
   # If using OAT pre-v1.5, use this api_url:
   # attestation_api_url = /OpenAttestationWebServices/V1.0
   attestation_auth_blob = i-am-openstack

   In this example:

   server

   Host name or IP address of the host that runs the attestation service

   port

   HTTPS port for the attestation service

   server_ca_file

   Certificate file used to verify the attestation server's identity

   api_url

   The attestation service's URL path

   auth_blob

   An authentication blob, required by the attestation service.

3. Save the file, and restart the nova-compute and nova-scheduler services to pick up the changes.

To customize the trusted compute pools, use these configuration option settings:

Description of trusted computing configuration options

Configuration option = Default value	Description
[trusted_computing]
attestation_api_url = /OpenAttestationWebServices/V1.0	(StrOpt) Attestation web API URL
attestation_auth_blob = None	(StrOpt) Attestation authorization blob - must change
attestation_auth_timeout = 60	(IntOpt) Attestation status cache valid period length
attestation_insecure_ssl = False	(BoolOpt) Disable SSL cert verification for Attestation service
attestation_port = 8443	(StrOpt) Attestation server port
attestation_server = None	(StrOpt) Attestation server HTTP
attestation_server_ca_file = None	(StrOpt) Attestation server Cert file for Identity verification

Specifying trusted flavors

1. Flavors can be designated as trusted using the nova flavor-key set command. In this example, the m1.tiny flavor is being set as trusted:

   $ nova flavor-key m1.tiny set trust:trusted_host=trusted

2. You can request that your instance is run on a trusted host by specifying a trusted flavor when booting the instance:

   $ nova boot --flavor m1.tiny --key_name myKeypairName --image myImageID newInstanceName

Encrypt Compute metadata traffic

Enabling SSL encryption

OpenStack supports encrypting Compute metadata traffic with HTTPS. Enable SSL encryption in the metadata_agent.ini file.

1. Enable the HTTPS protocol:

   nova_metadata_protocol = https

2. Determine whether insecure SSL connections are accepted for Compute metadata server requests. The default value is False:

   nova_metadata_insecure = False

3. Specify the path to the client certificate:

   nova_client_cert = PATH_TO_CERT

4. Specify the path to the private key:

   nova_client_priv_key = PATH_TO_KEY