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144 lines
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===================
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Manage IP addresses
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===================
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Each instance has a private, fixed IP address and can also have a
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public, or floating IP address. Private IP addresses are used for
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communication between instances, and public addresses are used for
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communication with networks outside the cloud, including the Internet.
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When you launch an instance, it is automatically assigned a private IP
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address that stays the same until you explicitly terminate the instance.
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Rebooting an instance has no effect on the private IP address.
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A pool of floating IP addresses, configured by the cloud administrator,
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is available in OpenStack Compute. The project quota defines the maximum
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number of floating IP addresses that you can allocate to the project.
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After you allocate a floating IP address to a project, you can:
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- Associate the floating IP address with an instance of the project. Only one
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floating IP address can be allocated to an instance at any given time.
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- Disassociate a floating IP address from an instance in the project.
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- Delete a floating IP from the project which automatically deletes that IP's
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associations.
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Use the :command:`nova floating-ip-*` commands to manage floating IP addresses.
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List floating IP address information
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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To list all pools that provide floating IP addresses, run::
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$ nova floating-ip-pool-list
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+--------+
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| name |
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+--------+
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| public |
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| test |
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+--------+
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.. note::
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If this list is empty, the cloud administrator must configure a pool
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of floating IP addresses.
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To list all floating IP addresses that are allocated to the current project,
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run::
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$ nova floating-ip-list
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+--------------+--------------------------------------+----------+--------+
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| Ip | Instance Id | Fixed Ip | Pool |
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+--------------+--------------------------------------+----------+--------+
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| 172.24.4.225 | 4a60ff6a-7a3c-49d7-9515-86ae501044c6 | 10.0.0.2 | public |
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| 172.24.4.226 | None | None | public |
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+--------------+--------------------------------------+----------+--------+
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For each floating IP address that is allocated to the current project,
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the command outputs the floating IP address, the ID for the instance
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to which the floating IP address is assigned, the associated fixed IP
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address, and the pool from which the floating IP address was
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allocated.
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Associate floating IP addresses
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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You can assign a floating IP address to a project and to an instance.
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#. Run the following command to allocate a floating IP address to the
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current project. By default, the floating IP address is allocated from
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the public pool. The command outputs the allocated IP address::
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$ nova floating-ip-create
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+--------------+-------------+----------+--------+
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| Ip | Instance Id | Fixed Ip | Pool |
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+--------------+-------------+----------+--------+
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| 172.24.4.225 | None | None | public |
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+--------------+-------------+----------+--------+
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.. note::
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If more than one IP address pool is available, you can specify from which
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pool to allocate the IP address, using the pool's name. For example, to
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allocate a floating IP address from the ``test`` pool, run::
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$ nova floating-ip-create test
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#. List all project instances with which a floating IP address could be
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associated::
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$ nova list
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+---------------------+------+---------+------------+-------------+------------------+
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| ID | Name | Status | Task State | Power State | Networks |
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+---------------------+------+---------+------------+-------------+------------------+
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| d5c854f9-d3e5-4f... | VM1 | ACTIVE | - | Running | private=10.0.0.3 |
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| 42290b01-0968-43... | VM2 | SHUTOFF | - | Shutdown | private=10.0.0.4 |
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+---------------------+------+---------+------------+-------------+------------------+
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#. Associate an IP address with an instance in the project, as follows::
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$ nova floating-ip-associate INSTANCE_NAME_OR_ID FLOATING_IP_ADDRESS
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For example::
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$ nova floating-ip-associate VM1 172.24.4.225
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The instance is now associated with two IP addresses::
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$ nova list
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+------------------+------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------------------------+
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| ID | Name | Status | Task State | Power State | Networks |
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+------------------+------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------------------------+
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| d5c854f9-d3e5... | VM1 | ACTIVE | - | Running | private=10.0.0.3, 172.24.4.225|
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| 42290b01-0968... | VM2 | SHUTOFF| - | Shutdown | private=10.0.0.4 |
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+------------------+------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------------------------+
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After you associate the IP address and configure security group rules
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for the instance, the instance is publicly available at the floating IP
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address.
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.. note::
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If an instance is connected to multiple networks, you can associate a
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floating IP address with a specific fixed IP address using the optional
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``--fixed-address`` parameter:
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.. code:
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$ nova floating-ip-associate --fixed-address FIXED_IP_ADDRESS
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INSTANCE_NAME_OR_ID FLOATING_IP_ADDRESS
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Disassociate floating IP addresses
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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To disassociate a floating IP address from an instance::
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$ nova floating-ip-disassociate INSTANCE_NAME_OR_ID FLOATING_IP_ADDRESS
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To remove the floating IP address from a project::
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$ nova floating-ip-delete FLOATING_IP_ADDRESS
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The IP address is returned to the pool of IP addresses that is available
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for all projects. If the IP address is still associated with a running
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instance, it is automatically disassociated from that instance.
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