283 lines
11 KiB
ReStructuredText
283 lines
11 KiB
ReStructuredText
=============
|
|
Manage images
|
|
=============
|
|
|
|
The cloud operator assigns roles to users. Roles determine who can
|
|
upload and manage images. The operator might restrict image upload and
|
|
management to only cloud administrators or operators.
|
|
|
|
You can upload images through the :command:`openstack image create`
|
|
command or the Image service API. You can use the ``openstack`` client
|
|
for the image management. It provides mechanisms to list and
|
|
delete images, set and delete image metadata, and create images of a
|
|
running instance or snapshot and backup types.
|
|
|
|
After you upload an image, you cannot change it.
|
|
|
|
For details about image creation, see the `Virtual Machine Image
|
|
Guide <https://docs.openstack.org/image-guide/>`__.
|
|
|
|
List or get details for images (glance)
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
To get a list of images and to get further details about a single
|
|
image, use :command:`openstack image list` and :command:`openstack image show`
|
|
commands.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
$ openstack image list
|
|
+--------------------------------------+---------------------------------+--------+
|
|
| ID | Name | Status |
|
|
+--------------------------------------+---------------------------------+--------+
|
|
| dfc1dfb0-d7bf-4fff-8994-319dd6f703d7 | cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-uec | active |
|
|
| a3867e29-c7a1-44b0-9e7f-10db587cad20 | cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-uec-kernel | active |
|
|
| 4b916fba-6775-4092-92df-f41df7246a6b | cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-uec-ramdisk | active |
|
|
| d07831df-edc3-4817-9881-89141f9134c3 | myCirrosImage | active |
|
|
+--------------------------------------+---------------------------------+--------+
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
$ openstack image show myCirrosImage
|
|
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| Field | Value |
|
|
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
| checksum | ee1eca47dc88f4879d8a229cc70a07c6 |
|
|
| container_format | ami |
|
|
| created_at | 2016-08-11T15:07:26Z |
|
|
| disk_format | ami |
|
|
| file | /v2/images/d07831df-edc3-4817-9881-89141f9134c3/file |
|
|
| id | d07831df-edc3-4817-9881-89141f9134c3 |
|
|
| min_disk | 0 |
|
|
| min_ram | 0 |
|
|
| name | myCirrosImage |
|
|
| owner | d88310717a8e4ebcae84ed075f82c51e |
|
|
| protected | False |
|
|
| schema | /v2/schemas/image |
|
|
| size | 13287936 |
|
|
| status | active |
|
|
| tags | |
|
|
| updated_at | 2016-08-11T15:20:02Z |
|
|
| virtual_size | None |
|
|
| visibility | private |
|
|
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
|
|
|
|
When viewing a list of images, you can also use ``grep`` to filter the
|
|
list, as follows:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
$ openstack image list | grep 'cirros'
|
|
| dfc1dfb0-d7bf-4fff-8994-319dd6f703d7 | cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-uec | active |
|
|
| a3867e29-c7a1-44b0-9e7f-10db587cad20 | cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-uec-kernel | active |
|
|
| 4b916fba-6775-4092-92df-f41df7246a6b | cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-uec-ramdisk | active |
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
To store location metadata for images, which enables direct file access for a client,
|
|
update the ``/etc/glance/glance-api.conf`` file with the following statements:
|
|
|
|
* ``show_multiple_locations = True``
|
|
|
|
* ``filesystem_store_metadata_file = filePath``
|
|
|
|
where filePath points to a JSON file that defines the mount point for OpenStack
|
|
images on your system and a unique ID. For example:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: json
|
|
|
|
[{
|
|
"id": "2d9bb53f-70ea-4066-a68b-67960eaae673",
|
|
"mountpoint": "/var/lib/glance/images/"
|
|
}]
|
|
|
|
After you restart the Image service, you can use the following syntax to view
|
|
the image's location information:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
$ openstack --os-image-api-version 2 image show imageID
|
|
|
|
For example, using the image ID shown above, you would issue the command as follows:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
$ openstack --os-image-api-version 2 image show 2d9bb53f-70ea-4066-a68b-67960eaae673
|
|
|
|
Create or update an image (glance)
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
To create an image, use :command:`openstack image create`:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
$ openstack image create imageName
|
|
|
|
To update an image by name or ID, use :command:`openstack image set`:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
$ openstack image set imageName
|
|
|
|
The following list explains the optional arguments that you can use with
|
|
the ``create`` and ``set`` commands to modify image properties. For
|
|
more information, refer to the `OpenStack Image command reference
|
|
<https://docs.openstack.org/developer/python-openstackclient/command-objects/image.html>`_.
|
|
|
|
The following example shows the command that you would use to upload a
|
|
CentOS 6.3 image in qcow2 format and configure it for public access:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
$ openstack image create --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare \
|
|
--public --file ./centos63.qcow2 centos63-image
|
|
|
|
The following example shows how to update an existing image with a
|
|
properties that describe the disk bus, the CD-ROM bus, and the VIF
|
|
model:
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
When you use OpenStack with VMware vCenter Server, you need to specify
|
|
the ``vmware_disktype`` and ``vmware_adaptertype`` properties with
|
|
:command:`openstack image create`.
|
|
Also, we recommend that you set the ``hypervisor_type="vmware"`` property.
|
|
For more information, see `Images with VMware vSphere
|
|
<https://docs.openstack.org/ocata/config-reference/compute/hypervisor-vmware.html#images-with-vmware-vsphere>`_
|
|
in the OpenStack Configuration Reference.
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
$ openstack image set \
|
|
--property hw_disk_bus=scsi \
|
|
--property hw_cdrom_bus=ide \
|
|
--property hw_vif_model=e1000 \
|
|
f16-x86_64-openstack-sda
|
|
|
|
Currently the libvirt virtualization tool determines the disk, CD-ROM,
|
|
and VIF device models based on the configured hypervisor type
|
|
(``libvirt_type`` in ``/etc/nova/nova.conf`` file). For the sake of optimal
|
|
performance, libvirt defaults to using virtio for both disk and VIF
|
|
(NIC) models. The disadvantage of this approach is that it is not
|
|
possible to run operating systems that lack virtio drivers, for example,
|
|
BSD, Solaris, and older versions of Linux and Windows.
|
|
|
|
If you specify a disk or CD-ROM bus model that is not supported, see
|
|
the Disk_and_CD-ROM_bus_model_values_table_.
|
|
If you specify a VIF model that is not supported, the instance fails to
|
|
launch. See the VIF_model_values_table_.
|
|
|
|
The valid model values depend on the ``libvirt_type`` setting, as shown
|
|
in the following tables.
|
|
|
|
.. _Disk_and_CD-ROM_bus_model_values_table:
|
|
|
|
**Disk and CD-ROM bus model values**
|
|
|
|
+-------------------------+--------------------------+
|
|
| libvirt\_type setting | Supported model values |
|
|
+=========================+==========================+
|
|
| qemu or kvm | * ide |
|
|
| | |
|
|
| | * scsi |
|
|
| | |
|
|
| | * virtio |
|
|
+-------------------------+--------------------------+
|
|
| xen | * ide |
|
|
| | |
|
|
| | * xen |
|
|
+-------------------------+--------------------------+
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _VIF_model_values_table:
|
|
|
|
**VIF model values**
|
|
|
|
+-------------------------+--------------------------+
|
|
| libvirt\_type setting | Supported model values |
|
|
+=========================+==========================+
|
|
| qemu or kvm | * e1000 |
|
|
| | |
|
|
| | * ne2k\_pci |
|
|
| | |
|
|
| | * pcnet |
|
|
| | |
|
|
| | * rtl8139 |
|
|
| | |
|
|
| | * virtio |
|
|
+-------------------------+--------------------------+
|
|
| xen | * e1000 |
|
|
| | |
|
|
| | * netfront |
|
|
| | |
|
|
| | * ne2k\_pci |
|
|
| | |
|
|
| | * pcnet |
|
|
| | |
|
|
| | * rtl8139 |
|
|
+-------------------------+--------------------------+
|
|
| vmware | * VirtualE1000 |
|
|
| | |
|
|
| | * VirtualPCNet32 |
|
|
| | |
|
|
| | * VirtualVmxnet |
|
|
+-------------------------+--------------------------+
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
By default, hardware properties are retrieved from the image
|
|
properties. However, if this information is not available, the
|
|
``libosinfo`` database provides an alternative source for these
|
|
values.
|
|
|
|
If the guest operating system is not in the database, or if the use
|
|
of ``libosinfo`` is disabled, the default system values are used.
|
|
|
|
Users can set the operating system ID or a ``short-id`` in image
|
|
properties. For example:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
$ openstack image set --property short-id=fedora23 \
|
|
name-of-my-fedora-image
|
|
|
|
Alternatively, users can set ``id`` to a URL:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
$ openstack image set \
|
|
--property id=http://fedoraproject.org/fedora/23 \
|
|
ID-of-my-fedora-image
|
|
|
|
Create an image from ISO image
|
|
------------------------------
|
|
|
|
You can upload ISO images to the Image service (glance).
|
|
You can subsequently boot an ISO image using Compute.
|
|
|
|
In the Image service, run the following command:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
$ openstack image create ISO_IMAGE --file IMAGE.iso \
|
|
--disk-format iso --container-format bare
|
|
|
|
Optionally, to confirm the upload in Image service, run:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: console
|
|
|
|
$ openstack image list
|
|
|
|
Troubleshoot image creation
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
If you encounter problems in creating an image in the Image service or
|
|
Compute, the following information may help you troubleshoot the
|
|
creation process.
|
|
|
|
* Ensure that the version of qemu you are using is version 0.14 or
|
|
later. Earlier versions of qemu result in an ``unknown option -s``
|
|
error message in the ``/var/log/nova/nova-compute.log`` file.
|
|
|
|
* Examine the ``/var/log/nova/nova-api.log`` and
|
|
``/var/log/nova/nova-compute.log`` log files for error messages.
|