kolla-ansible/doc/source/admin/advanced-configuration.rst

Advanced Configuration

Endpoint Network Configuration

When an OpenStack cloud is deployed, the REST API of each service is presented as a series of endpoints. These endpoints are the admin URL, the internal URL, and the external URL.

Kolla offers two options for assigning these endpoints to network addresses: - Combined - Where all three endpoints share the same IP address - Separate - Where the external URL is assigned to an IP address that is different than the IP address shared by the internal and admin URLs

The configuration parameters related to these options are: - kolla_internal_vip_address - network_interface - kolla_external_vip_address - kolla_external_vip_interface

For the combined option, set the two variables below, while allowing the other two to accept their default values. In this configuration all REST API requests, internal and external, will flow over the same network.

kolla_internal_vip_address: "10.10.10.254"
network_interface: "eth0"

For the separate option, set these four variables. In this configuration the internal and external REST API requests can flow over separate networks.

kolla_internal_vip_address: "10.10.10.254"
network_interface: "eth0"
kolla_external_vip_address: "10.10.20.254"
kolla_external_vip_interface: "eth1"

Fully Qualified Domain Name Configuration

When addressing a server on the internet, it is more common to use a name, like www.example.net, instead of an address like 10.10.10.254. If you prefer to use names to address the endpoints in your kolla deployment use the variables:

• kolla_internal_fqdn
• kolla_external_fqdn

kolla_internal_fqdn: inside.mykolla.example.net
kolla_external_fqdn: mykolla.example.net

Provisions must be taken outside of kolla for these names to map to the configured IP addresses. Using a DNS server or the /etc/hosts file are two ways to create this mapping.

RabbitMQ Hostname Resolution

RabbitMQ doesn't work with IP address, hence the IP address of api_interface should be resolvable by hostnames to make sure that all RabbitMQ Cluster hosts can resolve each others hostname beforehand.

TLS Configuration

An additional endpoint configuration option is to enable or disable TLS protection for the internal and/or external VIP. TLS allows a client to authenticate the OpenStack service endpoint and allows for encryption of the requests and responses.

The configuration variables that control TLS networking are:

• kolla_enable_tls_external
• kolla_external_fqdn_cert
• kolla_enable_tls_internal
• kolla_internal_fqdn_cert

Note

If TLS is enabled only on the internal or the external network the kolla_internal_vip_address and kolla_external_vip_address must be different.

If there is only a single network configured in your network topology (opposed to configuring seperate internal and external networks), TLS can be enabled using only the internal network configuration variables.

The default for TLS is disabled, to enable TLS networking:

kolla_enable_tls_external: "yes"
kolla_external_fqdn_cert: "{{ kolla_certificates_dir }}/mycert.pem"

and/or

kolla_enable_tls_internal: "yes"
kolla_internal_fqdn_cert: "{{ kolla_certificates_dir }}/mycert-internal.pem"

Note

TLS authentication is based on certificates that have been signed by trusted Certificate Authorities. Examples of commercial CAs are Comodo, Symantec, GoDaddy, and GlobalSign. Letsencrypt.org is a CA that will provide trusted certificates at no charge. Many company's IT departments will provide certificates within that company's domain. If using a trusted CA is not possible for your situation, you can use OpenSSL to create your own company's domain or see the section below about kolla generated self-signed certificates.

Two certificate files are required to use TLS securely with authentication. These two files will be provided by your Certificate Authority. These two files are the server certificate with private key and the CA certificate with any intermediate certificates. The server certificate needs to be installed with the kolla deployment and is configured with the kolla_external_fqdn_cert or kolla_internal_fqdn_cert parameter. If the server certificate provided is not already trusted by the client, then the CA certificate file will need to be distributed to the client.

When using TLS to connect to a public endpoint, an OpenStack client will have settings similar to this:

export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_ID=default
export OS_USER_DOMAIN_ID=default
export OS_PROJECT_NAME=demo
export OS_USERNAME=demo
export OS_PASSWORD=demo-password
export OS_AUTH_URL=https://mykolla.example.net:5000
# os_cacert is optional for trusted certificates
export OS_CACERT=/etc/pki/ca/mykolla-cacert.crt
export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3

Self-Signed Certificates

Note

Self-signed certificates should never be used in production.

It is not always practical to get a certificate signed by a well-known trust CA, for example a development or internal test kolla deployment. In these cases it can be useful to have a self-signed certificate to use.

For convenience, the kolla-ansible command will generate the necessary certificate files based on the information in the globals.yml configuration file:

kolla-ansible certificates

The certificate file haproxy.pem will be generated and stored in the /etc/kolla/certificates/ directory, and the CA cert will be in the /etc/kolla/certificates/ca/ directory.

Adding CA Certificates to the Service Containers

To copy CA certificate files to the service containers

kolla_copy_ca_into_containers: "yes"

When kolla_copy_ca_into_containers is configured to "yes", the CA certificate files in /etc/kolla/certificates/ca will be copied into service containers to enable trust for those CA certificates. This is required for any certificates that are either self-signed or signed by a private CA, and are not already present in the service image trust store.

All certificate file names will have the "kolla-customca-" prefix prepended to it when it is copied into the containers. For example, if a certificate file is named "internal.crt", it will be named "kolla-customca-internal.crt" in the containers.

For Debian and Ubuntu containers, the certificate files will be copied to the /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/ directory.

For Centos and Red Hat Linux containers, the certificate files will be copied to the /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/ directory.

In addition, the openstack_cacert should be configured with the path to the cacert in the container. For example, if the self-signed certificate task was used and the deployment is on ubuntu, the path would be: "/etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/kolla-customca-haproxy-internal.crt"

OpenStack Service Configuration in Kolla

An operator can change the location where custom config files are read from by editing /etc/kolla/globals.yml and adding the following line.

# The directory to merge custom config files the kolla's config files
node_custom_config: "/etc/kolla/config"

Kolla allows the operator to override configuration of services. Kolla will generally look for a file in /etc/kolla/config/<< config file >>, /etc/kolla/config/<< service name >>/<< config file >> or /etc/kolla/config/<< service name >>/<< hostname >>/<< config file >>, but these locations sometimes vary and you should check the config task in the appropriate Ansible role for a full list of supported locations. For example, in the case of nova.conf the following locations are supported, assuming that you have services using nova.conf running on hosts called controller-0001, controller-0002 and controller-0003:

• /etc/kolla/config/nova.conf
• /etc/kolla/config/nova/controller-0001/nova.conf
• /etc/kolla/config/nova/controller-0002/nova.conf
• /etc/kolla/config/nova/controller-0003/nova.conf
• /etc/kolla/config/nova/nova-scheduler.conf

Using this mechanism, overrides can be configured per-project, per-project-service or per-project-service-on-specified-host.

Overriding an option is as simple as setting the option under the relevant section. For example, to set override scheduler_max_attempts in nova scheduler, the operator could create /etc/kolla/config/nova/nova-scheduler.conf with content:

[DEFAULT]
scheduler_max_attempts = 100

If the operator wants to configure compute node cpu and ram allocation ratio on host myhost, the operator needs to create file /etc/kolla/config/nova/myhost/nova.conf with content:

[DEFAULT]
cpu_allocation_ratio = 16.0
ram_allocation_ratio = 5.0

This method of merging configuration sections is supported for all services using Oslo Config, which includes the vast majority of OpenStack services, and in some cases for services using YAML configuration. Since the INI format is an informal standard, not all INI files can be merged in this way. In these cases Kolla supports overriding the entire config file.

Additional flexibility can be introduced by using Jinja conditionals in the config files. For example, you may create Nova cells which are homogeneous with respect to the hypervisor model. In each cell, you may wish to configure the hypervisors differently, for example the following override shows one way of setting the bandwidth_poll_interval variable as a function of the cell:

[DEFAULT]
{% if 'cell0001' in group_names %}
bandwidth_poll_interval = 100
{% elif 'cell0002' in group_names %}
bandwidth_poll_interval = -1
{% else %}
bandwidth_poll_interval = 300
{% endif %}

An alternative to Jinja conditionals would be to define a variable for the bandwidth_poll_interval and set it in according to your requirements in the inventory group or host vars:

[DEFAULT]
bandwidth_poll_interval = {{ bandwidth_poll_interval }}

Kolla allows the operator to override configuration globally for all services. It will look for a file called /etc/kolla/config/global.conf.

For example to modify database pool size connection for all services, the operator needs to create /etc/kolla/config/global.conf with content:

[database]
max_pool_size = 100

In case the operators want to customize policy.json file, they should create a full policy file for specific project in the same directory like above and Kolla will overwrite default policy file with it. Be aware, with some projects are keeping full policy file in source code, operators just need to copy it but with some others are defining default rules in codebase, they have to generate it.

For example to overwrite policy.json file of Neutron project, the operator needs to grab policy.json from Neutron project source code, update rules and then put it to /etc/kolla/config/neutron/policy.json.

Note

Currently kolla-ansible only support JSON and YAML format for policy file.

The operator can make these changes after services were already deployed by using following command:

kolla-ansible reconfigure

IP Address Constrained Environments

If a development environment doesn't have a free IP address available for VIP configuration, the host's IP address may be used here by disabling HAProxy by adding:

enable_haproxy: "no"

Note this method is not recommended and generally not tested by the Kolla community, but included since sometimes a free IP is not available in a testing environment.

External Elasticsearch/Kibana environment

It is possible to use an external Elasticsearch/Kibana environment. To do this first disable the deployment of the central logging.

enable_central_logging: "no"

Now you can use the parameter elasticsearch_address to configure the address of the external Elasticsearch environment.

Non-default <service> port

It is sometimes required to use a different than default port for service(s) in Kolla. It is possible with setting <service>_port in globals.yml file. For example:

database_port: 3307

As <service>_port value is saved in different services' configuration so it's advised to make above change before deploying.

Use an external Syslog server

By default, Fluentd is used as a syslog server to collect Swift and HAProxy logs. When Fluentd is disabled or you want to use an external syslog server, You can set syslog parameters in globals.yml file. For example:

syslog_server: "172.29.9.145"
syslog_udp_port: "514"

You can also set syslog facility names for Swift and HAProxy logs. By default, Swift and HAProxy use local0 and local1, respectively.

syslog_swift_facility: "local0"
syslog_haproxy_facility: "local1"

If Glance TLS backend is enabled (glance_enable_tls_backend), the syslog facility for the glance_tls_proxy service uses local2 by default. This can be set via syslog_glance_tls_proxy_facility.

Mount additional Docker volumes in containers

It is sometimes useful to be able to mount additional Docker volumes into one or more containers. This may be to integrate 3rd party components into OpenStack, or to provide access to site-specific data such as x.509 certificate bundles.

Additional volumes may be specified at three levels:

• globally
• per-service (e.g. nova)
• per-container (e.g. nova-api)

To specify additional volumes globally for all containers, set default_extra_volumes in globals.yml. For example:

default_extra_volumes:
  - "/etc/foo:/etc/foo"

To specify additional volumes for all containers in a service, set <service_name>_extra_volumes in globals.yml. For example:

nova_extra_volumes:
  - "/etc/foo:/etc/foo"

To specify additional volumes for a single container, set <container_name>_extra_volumes in globals.yml. For example:

nova_libvirt_extra_volumes:
  - "/etc/foo:/etc/foo"