openstack-ansible/doc/source/developer-docs/additional-roles.rst
Jean-Philippe Evrard 36843eeac5 Adding contributing guide to tests/ structure
tests/ folder can be daunting for a newcomer to openstack-ansible.
This should clarify the uses of the files there, at least until
we implement our own cookie-cutter for roles.

Change-Id: I927500355ead4d8aae228f5df78e90cae8d2afb1
2017-04-19 12:16:38 +00:00

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==================================
Contributing to Roles and Services
==================================
If you would like to contribute towards a role to introduce an OpenStack
or infrastructure service, or to improve an existing role, the
OpenStack-Ansible project would welcome that contribution and your assistance
in maintaining it.
Recommended procedure to develop a Role
---------------------------------------
#. Deploy OpenStack-Ansible (possibly using
`an AIO`_
deploy) so that you have the rest of an OpenStack cluster to integrate with
in your testing.
#. Deploy your service on another VM, or possibly directly on the AIO host, by
hand. Configure the service to coordinate with the OpenStack cluster
appropriately. When all the related systems are communicating with each
other you can use the resulting configuration as a reference later.
#. Develop a role for your service. A recommended process is detailed below.
.. _an AIO: quickstart-aio.html
Writing a new Role
------------------
Most OpenStack services will follow a common series of stages to install or
update a service deployment. This is apparent when you review `tasks/main.yml`
for existing roles.
#. pre-install: prepare the service user group and filesystem directory paths
on the host or container
#. install: install system packages, prepare the (optional) service virtual
environment, install service and requirements (into a virtual environment)
#. post-install: apply all configuration files
#. messaging and db setup: db user and database prepared, message queue vhost
and user prepared
#. service add: register the service (each of: service type, service project,
service user, and endpoints) within Keystone's service catalog.
#. service setup: install a service-startup script (init, upstart, SystemD,
etc.) so that the service will start up when the container or host next
starts.
#. service init/startup: signal to the host or container to start the services
There may be other specialized steps required by some services but most of the
roles will perform all of these at a minimum. Begin by reviewing a role for a
service that has something in common with your service and think about how you
can fit most of the common service setup and configuration steps into that
model.
.. HINT:: Following the patterns you find in other roles can help ensure your role
is easier to use and maintain.
Steps to writing the role:
#. You can review roles which may be currently in development by checking our
`specs repository`_ and `unmerged specs`_ on review.openstack.org. If you
do not find a spec for the role, propose a blueprint/spec `(see also the
spec template)`_ outlining the new Role. By proposing a draft spec you can
help the OpenStack-Ansible community keep track of what roles are being
developed and perhaps connect you with others who may be interested and
able to help you in the process.
#. Create a source repository (e.g. on Github) to start your work on the Role.
#. Generate the reference directory structure for an Ansible role which is
the necessary subset of the documented `Best Practice`_. You might use
Ansible Galaxy tools to do this for you (e.g. ``ansible-galaxy init``).
You may additionally want to include directories such as ``docs`` and
``examples`` and ``tests`` for your role.
#. Generate a meta/main.yml right away. This file is important to Ansible to
ensure your dependent roles are installed and available and provides others
with the information they will need to understand the purpose of your role.
#. Develop task files for each of the install stages in turn, creating any
handlers and templates as needed. Ensure that you notify handlers after any
task which impacts the way the service would run (such as configuration
file modifications). Also take care that file ownership and permissions are
appropriate.
.. HINT:: Fill in variable defaults, libraries, and prerequisites as you
discover a need for them. You can also develop documentation for your
role at the same time.
.. _(see also the spec template): https://git.openstack.org/cgit/openstack/openstack-ansible-specs/tree/specs/templates/template.rst
.. _specs repository: https://git.openstack.org/cgit/openstack/openstack-ansible-specs
.. _unmerged specs: https://review.openstack.org/#/q/status:+open+project:openstack/openstack-ansible-specs
.. _Best Practice: https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/playbooks_best_practices.html#directory-layout
Adding tests to a Role
----------------------
Each of the role tests is in its tests/ folder.
This folder contains at least the following files:
#. ``test.yml`` ("super" playbook acting as test router to sub-playbooks)
#. ``<role name>-overrides.yml``. This var file is automatically loaded
by our shell script in our `tests repository`_.
#. ``inventory``. A static inventory for role testing.
It's possible some roles have multiple inventories. See for example the
neutron role with its ``lxb_inventory``, ``calico_inventory``.
#. ``group_vars`` and ``host_vars``. These folders will hold override the
necessary files for testing. For example, this is where you override
the IP addresses, IP ranges, and ansible connection details.
#. ``ansible-role-requirements.yml``. This should be fairly straightforward:
this file contains all the roles to clone before running your role.
The roles' relative playbooks will have to be listed in the ``test.yml``
file. However, keep in mind to NOT re-invent the wheel. For example,
if your role needs keystone, you don't need to create your own keystone
install playbook, because we have a generic keystone install playbook
in the `tests repository`.
.. _tests repository: https://git.openstack.org/cgit/openstack/openstack-ansible-tests
Deploying the Role
------------------
#. Include your role on the deploy host. See also `Adding Galaxy roles`_.
#. Perform any other host preparation (such as the tasks performed by the
``bootstrap-aio.yml`` playbook). This includes any preparation tasks that
are particular to your service.
#. Generate files to include your service in the Ansible inventory
using `env.d`_ and `conf.d`_ files for use on your deploy host.
.. HINT:: You can follow examples from other roles, making the appropriate
modifications being sure that group labels in ``env.d`` and ``conf.d``
files are consistent.
#. Generate secrets, if any, as described in the :deploy_guide:`Configure
Service Credentials <configure.html#configuring-service-credentials>`.
You can append your keys to an existing ``user_secrets.yml`` file or add a
new file to the ``openstack_deploy`` directory to contain them. Provide
overrides for any other variables you will need at this time as well, either
in ``user_variables.yml`` or another file. This is explained in more depth
under `Extending OpenStack-Ansible`_.
#. If your service is installed from source or relies on python packages which
need to be installed from source, specify a repository for the source
code of each requirement by adding a file to your deploy host under
``playbooks/defaults/repo_packages`` in the OpenStack-Ansible source
repository and following the pattern of files currently in that directory.
You could also simply add an entry to an existing file there. Be sure to
run the ``repo-build.yml`` play later so that wheels for your packages will
be included in the repository infrastructure.
#. Make any required adjustments to the load balancer configuration
(e.g. modify ``playbooks/vars/configs/haproxy_config.yml`` in the
OpenStack-Ansible source repository on your deploy host) so that your
service can be reached through a load balancer, if appropriate, and be sure
to run the ``haproxy-install.yml`` play later so your changes will be
applied.
#. Put together a service install playbook file for your role. This can also
be modeled from any existing service playbook that has similar
dependencies to your service (database, messaging, storage drivers,
container mount points, etc.). A common place to keep playbook files in a
Galaxy role is in an ``examples`` directory off the root of the role.
.. HINT:: If you adhere to the pattern of isolating your role's extra
deployment requirements (secrets and var files, HAProxy yml fragments,
repo_package files, etc.) in their own files it makes it easy for you to
automate these additional steps when testing your role.
.. _Adding Galaxy roles: extending.html#adding-galaxy-roles
.. _env.d: extending.html#env-d
.. _conf.d: extending.html#conf-d
.. _Extending OpenStack-Ansible: extending.html#user-yml-files
Role development maturity
-------------------------
In order to include a role into the integrated build implemented by the
playbooks in the ``openstack/openstack-ansible`` repository, it needs to
meet an appropriate level of maturity requirements. Developers are
encouraged to observe the below-mentioned patterns in the existing roles.
.. note::
Many of the existing roles may not fully implement all the patterns
just yet. It is important to look through multiple roles to get an
idea of the common patterns rather than to fixate on a single role's
pattern. Another good place to look is `role maturity table`_.
.. _role maturity table: role-maturity.html
The development of a role will usually go through the following stages:
#. Initial role development
* Include base scaffolding. To facilitate development and the tests
implemented across all OpenStack-Ansible roles, a base set of folders
and files need to be implemented. A base set of configuration and test
facilitation scripts must include at least the following:
* ``tox.ini``:
The lint testing, documentation build, release notes build and
functional build execution process for the role's gate tests are all
defined in this file.
* ``test-requirements.txt``:
The python requirements which must be installed when executing the
tests.
* ``other-requirements.txt``:
The binary requirements which must be installed on the host the tests
are executed on for the python requirements and the tox execution to
work.
* ``setup.cfg`` and ``setup.py``:
Information about the repository which is used during the build of any
artifacts.
* ``run_tests.sh``:
A convenient script for developers to execute all standard tests on a
suitable host.
* ``Vagrantfile``:
A convenient configuration file to allow a developer to easily create a
test virtual machine using `Vagrant`_. This must automatically execute
``run_tests.sh``.
* ``README.rst``, ``LICENSE``, ``CONTRIBUTING.rst``:
A set of standard files which have content describing their purpose.
* ``.gitignore``:
A standard git configuration file for the repository which should be
pretty uniform across all the repositories.
* ``.gitreview``:
A standard file configured for the project to inform the ``git-review``
plugin where to find the upstream gerrit remote for the repository.
* The role development should initially be focused on implementing a set of
tasks and a test playbook which converge. The convergence must:
* Implement ``developer_mode`` to build from a git source into a Python
venv.
* Deploy the applicable configuration files in the right places.
* Ensure that the service starts.
The convergence may involve consuming other OpenStack-Ansible roles (For
example: ``galera_server``, ``galera_client``, ``rabbitmq_server``) in
order to ensure that the appropriate infrastructure is in place. Reuse
of existing roles in OpenStack-Ansible or Ansible Galaxy is strongly
encouraged.
* The role *must* support Ubuntu 16.04 LTS. It should
ideally also support CentOS7 but this is not required at this time. The
patterns to achieve this include:
* The separation of platform specific variables into role vars files.
* The detection and handling of different init systems (init.d, SystemD).
* The detection and handling of different package managers (apt, yum).
* The detection and handling of different network configuration methods.
There are several examples of these patterns implemented across many of
the OpenStack-Ansible roles. Developers are advised to inspect the
established patterns and either implement or improve upon them.
* The role implementation should be done in such a way that it is agnostic
with regards to whether it is implemented in a container, or on a
physical host. The test infrastructure may make use of LXC containers for
the separation of services, but if a role is used by a playbook that
targets a host, it must work regardless of whether that host is a
container, a virtual server, or a physical server. The use of LXC
containers for role tests is not required but it may be useful in order
to simulate a multi-node build out as part of the testing infrastructure.
* Any secrets (For example: passwords) should not be provided with default
values in the tasks, role vars, or role defaults. The tasks should be
implemented in such a way that any secrets required, but not provided,
should result in the task execution failure. It is important for a
secure-by-default implementation to ensure that an environment is not
vulnerable due to the production use of default secrets. Deployers
must be forced to properly provide their own secret variable values.
* Once the initial convergence is working and the services are running,
the role development should focus on implementing some level of
functional testing. Ideally, the functional tests for an OpenStack role
should make use of Tempest to execute the functional tests. The ideal
tests to execute are scenario tests as they test the functions that
the service is expected to do in a production deployment. In the absence
of any scenario tests for the service a fallback option is to implement
the smoke tests instead.
* The role must include documentation. The `Documentation and Release Note
Guidelines`_ provide specific guidelines with regards to style and
conventions. The documentation must include a description of the
mandatory infrastructure (For example: a database and a message queue are
required), variables (For example: the database name and credentials) and
group names (For example: The role expects a group named ``foo_all`` to
be present and it expects the host to be a member of it) for the role's
execution to succeed.
.. _Documentation and Release Note Guidelines: contribute.html#documentation-and-release-note-guidelines
.. _Vagrant: https://www.vagrantup.com/
#. Integration development
Once the role has implemented the above requirements, work can begin on
integrating the role into the integrated build. This involves the
preparation of the following items:
* Host and container group configuration
This is implemented into the dynamic inventory through the definition of
content in an ``env.d`` file. A description of how these work can be
found in :deploy_guide:`Appendix C <app-custom-layouts.html>`
of the Deployment Guide.
* Load balancer configuration
OpenStack-Ansible deploys services in a highly available configuration by
default, so all API services must be configured for implementation behind
HAProxy. This is done through the modification of
``playbooks/vars/configs/haproxy_config.yml``.
* Install playbook
In order to implement the role in the appropriate way, an
``os-<service>-install.yml`` playbook must be created and targeted
at the appropriate group defined in the service ``env.d`` file. The
playbook should also ensure that the database(s), database user(s),
rabbitmq vhost and rabbitmq user are setup for the service. It is
crucial that the implementation of the service is optional and that the
deployer must opt-in to the deployment through the population of a host
in the applicable host group. If the host group has no hosts, Ansible
skips the playbook's tasks automatically.
* Secrets
Any secrets required for the role to work must be noted in the
``etc/openstack_deploy/user_secrets.yml`` file.
* Group vars
Any variables needed by other roles to connect to the new role, or by the
new role to connect to other roles, should be implemented in
``playbooks/inventory/group_vars``. The group vars are essentially the
glue which playbooks use to ensure that all roles are given the
appropriate information. When group vars are implemented it should be a
minimum set to achieve the goal of integrating the new role into the
integrated build.
* Documentation
Content must be added to the Installation Guide to describe how to
implement the new service in an integrated environment. This content must
adhere to the `Documentation and Release Note Guidelines`_. Until the
role has integrated functional testing implemented, the documentation
must make it clear that the service inclusion in OpenStack-Ansible is
experimental and is not fully tested by OpenStack-Ansible in an
integrated build.
* Release note
A feature release note must be added to announce the new service
availability and to refer to the Installation Guide entry and the role
documentation for further details. This content must adhere to the
`Documentation and Release Note Guidelines`_.
* Integration test
It must be possible to execute a functional, integrated test which
executes a deployment in the same way as a production environment. The
test must execute a set of functional tests using Tempest. This is the
required last step before a service can remove the experimental warning
from the documentation.